19束激光阵列光束相干传输的仿真研究
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摘要
大功率光纤激光器受制于单光纤输出的非线性效应,需要将多个光纤激光器组成光纤激光器阵列进行光束合成,以形成单束聚焦光束,并保证光束在湍流大气中长距离传输后仍可获得高功率、高光束质量的激光输出。以19束激光阵列相干合成系统为例,定量地分析了光束截断因子、角度抖动、湍流传输等因素对相干合成光束的影响,仿真研究了19束激光相干合成的阵列光束的相干传输过程及其在自由空间中的传输特性,用以指导实际激光阵列相干传输系统的建立与运行。
A high-power fiber laser is limited by the nonlinearity of a single-fiber output.Therefore,a beam array must be formed through multiple fiber lasers that output a single focused beam.A high-power high-quality beam output must be ensured after a long-distance transmission through atmospheric turbulence.This study uses an array containing 19 fiber laser beams to design a coherent array synthesis system.The effects of beam truncation factor,angle jitter,and turbulence propagation on coherent synthetic beams are quantitatively analyzed,and the coherent propagation process and their propagation characteristics in free space are simulated to provide references for the establishment of a practical coherent laser array system.
A high-power fiber laser is limited by the nonlinearity of a single-fiber output.Therefore,a beam array must be formed through multiple fiber lasers that output a single focused beam.A high-power high-quality beam output must be ensured after a long-distance transmission through atmospheric turbulence.This study uses an array containing 19 fiber laser beams to design a coherent array synthesis system.The effects of beam truncation factor,angle jitter,and turbulence propagation on coherent synthetic beams are quantitatively analyzed,and the coherent propagation process and their propagation characteristics in free space are simulated to provide references for the establishment of a practical coherent laser array system.
引文
[1]Cheng X,Wang J L,Liu C H.Beam combining of high energy fibre lasers[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2018,47(1):0103011.程雪,王建立,刘昌华.高能光纤激光器光束合成技术[J].红外与激光工程,2018,47(1):0103011.
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[3]Chen Z L,Lei C M,Wang Z F,et al.High beam quality fiber laser synthesis of more than 14kW on a7×1optical fiber power combiner with 50μm output fiber[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(4):0415001.陈子伦,雷成敏,王泽锋,等.基于输出光纤为50μm的7×1光纤功率合束器实现大于14kW的高光束质量光纤激光合成[J].中国激光,2018,45(4):0415001.
[4]Li Y Z,Fan D Y.Beam combining of fiber laser[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2005,42(9):26-29.李永忠,范滇元.光纤激光器光束的叠加技术[J].激光与光电子学进展,2005,42(9):26-29.
[5]Zheng Y,Yang Y F,Zhao X,et al.Research progress on spectral beam combining technology of high-power fiber lasers[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(2):0201002.郑也,杨依枫,赵翔,等.高功率光纤激光光谱合成技术的研究进展[J].中国激光,2017,44(2):0201002.
[6]Gao W Q.The nonlinearity and heat effect in doubleclad fiber laser with high power[J].Laser&Infrared,2006,36(9):829-832.高伟清.大功率双包层光纤激光器的非线性和热效应[J].激光与红外,2006,36(9):829-832.
[7]Geng C,Yang Y,Li F,et al.Research progress of fiber laser coherent combining[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2018,45(3):170692.耿超,杨燕,李枫,等.光纤激光相干合成研究进展[J].光电工程,2018,45(3):170692.
[8]Jiang M,Ma P F,Zhou P,et al.Performance of laser beam combination system based on brightness[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(7):0714001.姜曼,马鹏飞,周朴,等.基于亮度的激光光束合成系统性能[J].光学学报,2017,37(7):0714001.
[9]Weyrauch T,Vorontsov M A,Carhart G W,et al.Experimental demonstration of coherent beam combining over a 7km propagation path[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(22):4455-4457.
[10]Yu C X,Augst S J,Redmond S M,et al.Coherent combining of a 4kW,eight-element fiber amplifier array[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(14):2686-2688.
[11]Ma Y X,Si L,Zhou P,et al.The key technologies in coherent beam combination of high power fiber laser[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,2012,34(1):38-42.马阎星,司磊,周朴,等.高功率光纤激光相干合成关键技术[J].国防科技大学学报,2012,34(1):38-42.
[12]Wang X L,Zhou P,Su R T,et al.Current situation,tendency and challenge of coherent combining of high power fiber lasers[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(2):0201001.王小林,周朴,粟荣涛,等.高功率光纤激光相干合成的现状、趋势与挑战[J].中国激光,2017,44(2):0201001.
[13]Xue Y H,He B,Zhou J,et al.High power passive phase locking of four Yb-doped fiber amplifiers by an all-optical feedback loop[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2011,28(5):054212.
[14]Flores A,Ehrehreich T,Holten R,et al.Multi-kWcoherent combining of fiber lasers seeded with pseudo random phase modulated light[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2016,9728:97281Y.
[15]Liu Y.The first 2 megawatts fiber laser officially installed to break the foreign technology monopoly[J].China Plant Engineering,2017(1):4.刘毅.首台2万瓦光纤激光器正式装机打破国外技术垄断[J].中国设备工程,2017(1):4.
[16]Nilsson J,Sahu J K,Jeong Y,et al.High-power fiber lasers:new developments[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2003,4974:50-59.
[17]Lou Q H,Zhou J,Zhu J Q,et al.Recent progress of high-power fiber lasers[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35(2):135-138.楼祺洪,周军,朱健强,等.高功率光纤激光器研究进展[J].红外与激光工程,2006,35(2):135-138.
[18]Xiao R,Hou J,Jiang Z F.Coherent combining of fiber lasers[J].Laser Technology,2005,29(5):516-518,532.肖瑞,侯静,姜宗福.光纤激光器的相干合成技术[J].激光技术,2005,29(5):516-518,532.
[19]Fan X Y.Research of active phase-locking fiber laser coherent combining technique[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010:5-9.范馨燕.主动锁相光纤激光相干合成技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:5-9.
[20]Li X K,He Y T.Performance of stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm in coherent combination[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(12):1201001.李兴珂,何云涛.相干合成中的随机并行梯度下降算法性能研究[J].光学学报,2016,36(12):1201001.
[21]Zhang S,Zhang J W,Mu J,et al.Dynamical phase error control and bandwidth analysis for coherent beam combination based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2018,38(5):0514003.张森,张军伟,母杰,等.基于随机并行梯度下降算法的相干合成动态相差控制与带宽分析[J].光学学报,2018,38(5):0514003.
[22]Zhou P,Liu Z J,Xu X J,et al.Numerical analysis of the effects of aberrations on coherently combined fiber laser beams[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(18):3350-3559.
[23]Tang Q J,Shi X C,Hu Q Q.Effect of the filled factor on the far field profiles of laser beam combination[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2007,28(5):566-569.唐前进,施翔春,胡企铨.填充因子对激光组束远场功率分布的影响[J].推进技术,2007,28(5):566-569.
[24]Yan A M,Liu L R,Liu D A,et al.Recent progress in phase-locking and aperture filling of fiber laser arrays[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2008,45(8):33-39.闫爱民,刘立人,刘德安,等.光纤激光阵列锁相和孔径装填技术研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2008,45(8):33-39.
[25]Vorontsov M A,Lachinova S L.Laser beam projection with adaptive array of fiber collimators.I.Basic considerations for analysis[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2008,25(8):1949-1959.
[26]Zhou P,Wang X L,Ma Y X,et al.Optimal truncation of element beam in a coherent fiber laser array[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2009(4):116-118.
[27]Du X W.Factors for evaluating beam guality of a real high power laser on the target surface in far field[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,1997,24(4):327-332.杜祥琬.实际强激光远场靶面上光束质量的评价因素[J].中国激光,1997,24(4):327-332.
[28]He Y X.Study of evaluating and measuring laser beam quality[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2012:3-6.贺元兴.激光光束质量评价及测量方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2012:3-6.
[29]He Y X,Li X Y.Study on standard for evaluating the far-field energy focusability of laser beams[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2012,49(5):051403.贺元兴,李新阳.激光束远场能量集中度的评价指标探讨[J].激光与光电子学进展,2012,49(5):051403.
[30]Liu Z J,Zhou P,Xu X J.Study on universal standard for evaluating high energy beam quality[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2009,36(4):773-778.刘泽金,周朴,许晓军.高能激光光束质量通用评价标准的探讨[J].中国激光,2009,36(4):773-778.
[31]Huang Y B,Wang Y J.The effect of tracking jitter on the beam spreading induced by atmospheric turbulence[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2005,25(2):152-156.黄印博,王英俭.跟踪抖动对激光湍流大气传输光束扩展的影响[J].光学学报,2005,25(2):152-156.
[32]McKechnie T S.General theory of light propagation and imaging through the atmosphere[M].Cham:Springer,2016:162-165.
[33]von Kármán T.Progress in the statistical theory of turbulence[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1948,34(11):530-539.
[34]Fu S Y,Wang T L,Zhang S K,et al.Non-probe compensation of optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum[J].Photonics Research,2017,5(3):251-255.
[35]Fu S Y,Gao C Q.Influences of atmospheric turbulence effects on the orbital angular momentum spectra of vortex beams[J].Photonics Research,2016,4(5):B1-B4.
[2]Yang C S,Xu S H,Zhou J,et al.Research advance on the key technology of high-power fiber laser materials and components[J].Scientia Sinica(Technologica),2017,47(10):1038-1048.杨昌盛,徐善辉,周军,等.大功率光纤激光材料与器件关键技术研究进展[J].中国科学:技术科学,2017,47(10):1038-1048.
[3]Chen Z L,Lei C M,Wang Z F,et al.High beam quality fiber laser synthesis of more than 14kW on a7×1optical fiber power combiner with 50μm output fiber[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(4):0415001.陈子伦,雷成敏,王泽锋,等.基于输出光纤为50μm的7×1光纤功率合束器实现大于14kW的高光束质量光纤激光合成[J].中国激光,2018,45(4):0415001.
[4]Li Y Z,Fan D Y.Beam combining of fiber laser[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2005,42(9):26-29.李永忠,范滇元.光纤激光器光束的叠加技术[J].激光与光电子学进展,2005,42(9):26-29.
[5]Zheng Y,Yang Y F,Zhao X,et al.Research progress on spectral beam combining technology of high-power fiber lasers[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(2):0201002.郑也,杨依枫,赵翔,等.高功率光纤激光光谱合成技术的研究进展[J].中国激光,2017,44(2):0201002.
[6]Gao W Q.The nonlinearity and heat effect in doubleclad fiber laser with high power[J].Laser&Infrared,2006,36(9):829-832.高伟清.大功率双包层光纤激光器的非线性和热效应[J].激光与红外,2006,36(9):829-832.
[7]Geng C,Yang Y,Li F,et al.Research progress of fiber laser coherent combining[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2018,45(3):170692.耿超,杨燕,李枫,等.光纤激光相干合成研究进展[J].光电工程,2018,45(3):170692.
[8]Jiang M,Ma P F,Zhou P,et al.Performance of laser beam combination system based on brightness[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(7):0714001.姜曼,马鹏飞,周朴,等.基于亮度的激光光束合成系统性能[J].光学学报,2017,37(7):0714001.
[9]Weyrauch T,Vorontsov M A,Carhart G W,et al.Experimental demonstration of coherent beam combining over a 7km propagation path[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(22):4455-4457.
[10]Yu C X,Augst S J,Redmond S M,et al.Coherent combining of a 4kW,eight-element fiber amplifier array[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(14):2686-2688.
[11]Ma Y X,Si L,Zhou P,et al.The key technologies in coherent beam combination of high power fiber laser[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,2012,34(1):38-42.马阎星,司磊,周朴,等.高功率光纤激光相干合成关键技术[J].国防科技大学学报,2012,34(1):38-42.
[12]Wang X L,Zhou P,Su R T,et al.Current situation,tendency and challenge of coherent combining of high power fiber lasers[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(2):0201001.王小林,周朴,粟荣涛,等.高功率光纤激光相干合成的现状、趋势与挑战[J].中国激光,2017,44(2):0201001.
[13]Xue Y H,He B,Zhou J,et al.High power passive phase locking of four Yb-doped fiber amplifiers by an all-optical feedback loop[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2011,28(5):054212.
[14]Flores A,Ehrehreich T,Holten R,et al.Multi-kWcoherent combining of fiber lasers seeded with pseudo random phase modulated light[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2016,9728:97281Y.
[15]Liu Y.The first 2 megawatts fiber laser officially installed to break the foreign technology monopoly[J].China Plant Engineering,2017(1):4.刘毅.首台2万瓦光纤激光器正式装机打破国外技术垄断[J].中国设备工程,2017(1):4.
[16]Nilsson J,Sahu J K,Jeong Y,et al.High-power fiber lasers:new developments[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2003,4974:50-59.
[17]Lou Q H,Zhou J,Zhu J Q,et al.Recent progress of high-power fiber lasers[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35(2):135-138.楼祺洪,周军,朱健强,等.高功率光纤激光器研究进展[J].红外与激光工程,2006,35(2):135-138.
[18]Xiao R,Hou J,Jiang Z F.Coherent combining of fiber lasers[J].Laser Technology,2005,29(5):516-518,532.肖瑞,侯静,姜宗福.光纤激光器的相干合成技术[J].激光技术,2005,29(5):516-518,532.
[19]Fan X Y.Research of active phase-locking fiber laser coherent combining technique[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010:5-9.范馨燕.主动锁相光纤激光相干合成技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:5-9.
[20]Li X K,He Y T.Performance of stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm in coherent combination[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(12):1201001.李兴珂,何云涛.相干合成中的随机并行梯度下降算法性能研究[J].光学学报,2016,36(12):1201001.
[21]Zhang S,Zhang J W,Mu J,et al.Dynamical phase error control and bandwidth analysis for coherent beam combination based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2018,38(5):0514003.张森,张军伟,母杰,等.基于随机并行梯度下降算法的相干合成动态相差控制与带宽分析[J].光学学报,2018,38(5):0514003.
[22]Zhou P,Liu Z J,Xu X J,et al.Numerical analysis of the effects of aberrations on coherently combined fiber laser beams[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(18):3350-3559.
[23]Tang Q J,Shi X C,Hu Q Q.Effect of the filled factor on the far field profiles of laser beam combination[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2007,28(5):566-569.唐前进,施翔春,胡企铨.填充因子对激光组束远场功率分布的影响[J].推进技术,2007,28(5):566-569.
[24]Yan A M,Liu L R,Liu D A,et al.Recent progress in phase-locking and aperture filling of fiber laser arrays[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2008,45(8):33-39.闫爱民,刘立人,刘德安,等.光纤激光阵列锁相和孔径装填技术研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2008,45(8):33-39.
[25]Vorontsov M A,Lachinova S L.Laser beam projection with adaptive array of fiber collimators.I.Basic considerations for analysis[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2008,25(8):1949-1959.
[26]Zhou P,Wang X L,Ma Y X,et al.Optimal truncation of element beam in a coherent fiber laser array[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2009(4):116-118.
[27]Du X W.Factors for evaluating beam guality of a real high power laser on the target surface in far field[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,1997,24(4):327-332.杜祥琬.实际强激光远场靶面上光束质量的评价因素[J].中国激光,1997,24(4):327-332.
[28]He Y X.Study of evaluating and measuring laser beam quality[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2012:3-6.贺元兴.激光光束质量评价及测量方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2012:3-6.
[29]He Y X,Li X Y.Study on standard for evaluating the far-field energy focusability of laser beams[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2012,49(5):051403.贺元兴,李新阳.激光束远场能量集中度的评价指标探讨[J].激光与光电子学进展,2012,49(5):051403.
[30]Liu Z J,Zhou P,Xu X J.Study on universal standard for evaluating high energy beam quality[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2009,36(4):773-778.刘泽金,周朴,许晓军.高能激光光束质量通用评价标准的探讨[J].中国激光,2009,36(4):773-778.
[31]Huang Y B,Wang Y J.The effect of tracking jitter on the beam spreading induced by atmospheric turbulence[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2005,25(2):152-156.黄印博,王英俭.跟踪抖动对激光湍流大气传输光束扩展的影响[J].光学学报,2005,25(2):152-156.
[32]McKechnie T S.General theory of light propagation and imaging through the atmosphere[M].Cham:Springer,2016:162-165.
[33]von Kármán T.Progress in the statistical theory of turbulence[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1948,34(11):530-539.
[34]Fu S Y,Wang T L,Zhang S K,et al.Non-probe compensation of optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum[J].Photonics Research,2017,5(3):251-255.
[35]Fu S Y,Gao C Q.Influences of atmospheric turbulence effects on the orbital angular momentum spectra of vortex beams[J].Photonics Research,2016,4(5):B1-B4.