大气污染期间北京住宅室内外空气中PM_(2.5)的浓度水平
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摘要
由于2012～2013年北京大气环境质量整体较差,且多天PM_(2. 5)日均浓度值超过0. 500 mg/m~3。鉴于此,为了解大气污染期间住宅室内外PM_(2. 5)的浓度水平,于2014年4～5月对北京市内4所住宅A、B、C和D的室内外PM_(2. 5)浓度分别进行了随时间变化的同步测试,并对其浓度水平及影响室内PM_(2. 5)的因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)测试期间4所住宅中,B、C和D住宅室内外PM_(2. 5)的平均浓度均高于0. 075 mg/m~3,室外PM_(2. 5)平均浓度分别为0. 143 mg/m~3、0. 122 mg/m~3和0. 124 mg/m~3,室内PM_(2. 5)平均浓度分别为0. 129 mg/m~3、0. 089 mg/m~3和0. 104 mg/m~3;(2)在室内无明显污染源或污染源强度相对较低时,较高的室外PM_(2. 5)浓度对室内PM_(2. 5)浓度水平起主导影响;(3)吸烟和烹饪对室内PM_(2. 5)浓度影响较大,开、关窗时间及室外PM_(2. 5)浓度水平影响室内PM_(2. 5)的衰减时间;(4)北京市朝阳区2014年测试的住宅A、B和2015年同期测试的住宅Z1的室外PM_(2. 5)平均浓度分别为0. 037 mg/m~3、0143 mg/m~3和0. 028 mg/m~3,2014年开始实施的《北京市大气污染防治条例》使2015年北京市室外空气质量有所改善。
From 2012 to 2013,the atmospheric environment quality in Beijing was poor,and the daily average concentration of PM_(2. 5) of days exceeded 0. 500 mg/m~3. In view of this,to understand the concentration level and the correlation of PM_(2. 5) concentration in indoor and outdoor environment in the houses,the mass concentration of PM_(2. 5) over time in the indoor and outdoor air in the four residences A,B,C and D were simultaneously measured from April to May 2014,and their concentration levels and the impact of indoor PM_(2. 5) factors were analyzed. The results are as fallows.(1)During the test period,the average concentration of PM_(2. 5) in the indoor and outdoor air in the residences B,C and D all exceeded 0. 075 mg/m~3. Their average concentrations of outdoor PM_(2. 5) were0. 143 mg/m~3,0. 122 mg/m~3 and 0. 124 mg/m~3,respectively,and the average concentrations of indoor PM_(2. 5) were0. 129 mg/m~3,0. 089 mg/m~3 and 0. 104 mg/m~3,respectively.(2) When there was no obvious indoor pollution source or the intensity of the pollution source was relatively low,the higher outdoor concentration of PM_(2. 5) had a dominant influence on the indoor PM_(2. 5) concentration level.(3) Smoking and cooking had a great influence on indoor PM_(2. 5) concentration. The windows opening and closing time and the outdoor concentration level of PM_(2. 5) affected the decay time of indoor PM_(2. 5) concentration.(4) The average outdoor PM_(2. 5) concentrations of A and B tested in Chaoyang District of Beijing in 2014 and residential Z1 tested in the same period of 2015 were 0. 037 mg/m~3,0. 143 mg/m~3 and 0. 028 mg/m~3,respectively. The Municipal Air Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations had improved the outdoor air quality in Beijing in 2015.
From 2012 to 2013,the atmospheric environment quality in Beijing was poor,and the daily average concentration of PM_(2. 5) of days exceeded 0. 500 mg/m~3. In view of this,to understand the concentration level and the correlation of PM_(2. 5) concentration in indoor and outdoor environment in the houses,the mass concentration of PM_(2. 5) over time in the indoor and outdoor air in the four residences A,B,C and D were simultaneously measured from April to May 2014,and their concentration levels and the impact of indoor PM_(2. 5) factors were analyzed. The results are as fallows.(1)During the test period,the average concentration of PM_(2. 5) in the indoor and outdoor air in the residences B,C and D all exceeded 0. 075 mg/m~3. Their average concentrations of outdoor PM_(2. 5) were0. 143 mg/m~3,0. 122 mg/m~3 and 0. 124 mg/m~3,respectively,and the average concentrations of indoor PM_(2. 5) were0. 129 mg/m~3,0. 089 mg/m~3 and 0. 104 mg/m~3,respectively.(2) When there was no obvious indoor pollution source or the intensity of the pollution source was relatively low,the higher outdoor concentration of PM_(2. 5) had a dominant influence on the indoor PM_(2. 5) concentration level.(3) Smoking and cooking had a great influence on indoor PM_(2. 5) concentration. The windows opening and closing time and the outdoor concentration level of PM_(2. 5) affected the decay time of indoor PM_(2. 5) concentration.(4) The average outdoor PM_(2. 5) concentrations of A and B tested in Chaoyang District of Beijing in 2014 and residential Z1 tested in the same period of 2015 were 0. 037 mg/m~3,0. 143 mg/m~3 and 0. 028 mg/m~3,respectively. The Municipal Air Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations had improved the outdoor air quality in Beijing in 2015.
引文
1刘鹏.住宅室内外细颗粒物浓度水平相关性研究[D].株洲:湖南工业大学,2016Liu Peng. Relationship between indoor and outdoor of fine particulate matter concentration levels in residential buildings[D]. Zhuzhou:Hunan University of Technology,2016
2 赵晨曦,王云琦,王玉杰,等.北京地区冬春PM2. 5和PMl0污染水平时空分布及其与气象条件的关系[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):418-427Zhao Chenxi,Wang Yunqi,Wang Yujie,et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of PM2. 5and PM10pollution status and the correlation of particulate matters and meteorological factors during winter and spring in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(2):418-427
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4 Wu S W,Deng F R,Hao Y,et al. Chemical constituents of fine particulate air pollution and pulmonary function in healthy adults:The Healthy Volunteer Natural Relocation study[J]. Journal of Hazard Mater,2013,260:183-191
5 Shang Y,Sun Z,Cao J,et al. Systematic review of Chinese studies of short-term exposure to air pollution and daily mortality[J]. Environment International,2013,54(4):100-111
6 杜艳君,张翼,李湉湉.北京市冬季住宅内PM2. 5暴露水平及室内外关系的研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(4):283-286Du Yanjun,Zhang Yi,Li Tiantian. Residential indoor exposures of PM2. 5and relationship between indoor and outdoor PM2. 5in winter in Beijing[J]. Journal of Environment and Health,2016,33(4):283-286
7 Shi S,Chen C,Zhao B. Air infiltration rate distributions of residences in Beijing[J]. Building&Environment,2015,92:528-537
8 石晶金,袁东,赵卓慧.我国住宅室内PM2. 5来源及浓度的影响因素研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(9):825-829Shi Jingjin,Yuan Dong,Zhao Zhuohui. Residential indoor PM2. 5sources,concentration and influencing factors in China[J]. Journal of Environment and Health,2015,32(9):825-829
9 于丹,张雪,李冉.室内PM2. 5暴露水平影响研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(12):308-311Yu Dan,Zhang Xue,Li Ran. The study on the effect of indoor PM2. 5exposure level[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(12):308-311
10 朱春,李景广.室内PM2. 5/气态污染物试验舱测试研究——以蚊香散发源为例[J].绿色建筑,2014(1):27-30Zhu Chun,Li Jingguang. Experimental study on indoor PM2. 5/gaseous pollutants by a big scale experimental cabin—for mosquito repellents emission source[J]. Green Building,2014(1):27-30
11 张金萍,王玉欢,赵文君.居民住所室内颗粒物浓度水平及影响因素研究[J].建筑科学,2016,32(8):119-126Zhang Jinping,Wang Yuhuan,Zhao Wenjun. Study on the concentration level and influence factors of the indoor particles in the residences[J]. Building Science,2016,32(8):119-126
12 熊志明,张国强,彭建国,等.室内可吸入颗粒物污染研究现状[J].暖通空调,2004,34(4):32-36Xiong Zhiming,Zhang Guoqiang,Peng Jianguo,et al. Heating ventilating&air conditioning[J]. Journal of HV&AC,2004,34(4):32-36
13 周岩,谭洪卫,赵雨.开窗行为规律及其对室内PM2. 5浓度的影响研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(2):6-9Zhou Yan,Tan Hongwei,Zhao Yu. Study on behavior of residents and influence on concentration of indoor particles[J]. Building Energy&Environment,2018,37(2):6-9
14 王亚龙,熊黑钢,石雪颖,等.不同污染程度下室内外小时PM2. 5浓度变化特征对比[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(19):308-312Wang Yalong,Xiong Heigang,Shi Xueying,et al. Variation characteristics of indoor and outdoor hours PM2. 5under different pollution level[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(19):308-312
2 赵晨曦,王云琦,王玉杰,等.北京地区冬春PM2. 5和PMl0污染水平时空分布及其与气象条件的关系[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):418-427Zhao Chenxi,Wang Yunqi,Wang Yujie,et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of PM2. 5and PM10pollution status and the correlation of particulate matters and meteorological factors during winter and spring in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(2):418-427
3 靳军莉,颜鹏,马志强,等.北京及周边地区2013年1-3月PM2. 5变化特征[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(6):690-700Jin Junli,Yan Peng,Ma Zhiqiang,et al. Characteristics of PM2. 5in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2014,25(6):690-700
4 Wu S W,Deng F R,Hao Y,et al. Chemical constituents of fine particulate air pollution and pulmonary function in healthy adults:The Healthy Volunteer Natural Relocation study[J]. Journal of Hazard Mater,2013,260:183-191
5 Shang Y,Sun Z,Cao J,et al. Systematic review of Chinese studies of short-term exposure to air pollution and daily mortality[J]. Environment International,2013,54(4):100-111
6 杜艳君,张翼,李湉湉.北京市冬季住宅内PM2. 5暴露水平及室内外关系的研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(4):283-286Du Yanjun,Zhang Yi,Li Tiantian. Residential indoor exposures of PM2. 5and relationship between indoor and outdoor PM2. 5in winter in Beijing[J]. Journal of Environment and Health,2016,33(4):283-286
7 Shi S,Chen C,Zhao B. Air infiltration rate distributions of residences in Beijing[J]. Building&Environment,2015,92:528-537
8 石晶金,袁东,赵卓慧.我国住宅室内PM2. 5来源及浓度的影响因素研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(9):825-829Shi Jingjin,Yuan Dong,Zhao Zhuohui. Residential indoor PM2. 5sources,concentration and influencing factors in China[J]. Journal of Environment and Health,2015,32(9):825-829
9 于丹,张雪,李冉.室内PM2. 5暴露水平影响研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(12):308-311Yu Dan,Zhang Xue,Li Ran. The study on the effect of indoor PM2. 5exposure level[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(12):308-311
10 朱春,李景广.室内PM2. 5/气态污染物试验舱测试研究——以蚊香散发源为例[J].绿色建筑,2014(1):27-30Zhu Chun,Li Jingguang. Experimental study on indoor PM2. 5/gaseous pollutants by a big scale experimental cabin—for mosquito repellents emission source[J]. Green Building,2014(1):27-30
11 张金萍,王玉欢,赵文君.居民住所室内颗粒物浓度水平及影响因素研究[J].建筑科学,2016,32(8):119-126Zhang Jinping,Wang Yuhuan,Zhao Wenjun. Study on the concentration level and influence factors of the indoor particles in the residences[J]. Building Science,2016,32(8):119-126
12 熊志明,张国强,彭建国,等.室内可吸入颗粒物污染研究现状[J].暖通空调,2004,34(4):32-36Xiong Zhiming,Zhang Guoqiang,Peng Jianguo,et al. Heating ventilating&air conditioning[J]. Journal of HV&AC,2004,34(4):32-36
13 周岩,谭洪卫,赵雨.开窗行为规律及其对室内PM2. 5浓度的影响研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(2):6-9Zhou Yan,Tan Hongwei,Zhao Yu. Study on behavior of residents and influence on concentration of indoor particles[J]. Building Energy&Environment,2018,37(2):6-9
14 王亚龙,熊黑钢,石雪颖,等.不同污染程度下室内外小时PM2. 5浓度变化特征对比[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(19):308-312Wang Yalong,Xiong Heigang,Shi Xueying,et al. Variation characteristics of indoor and outdoor hours PM2. 5under different pollution level[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(19):308-312
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