柴达木盆地侏罗系煤系烃源岩生烃潜力分类评价
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摘要
柴达木盆地侏罗系发育泥岩、炭质泥岩、煤和油页岩等多种类型煤系烃源岩。受沉积环境控制,不同类型烃源岩之间有机质丰度、有机质类型及生排烃模式等差别很大。传统的评价方法低估了炭质泥岩和煤的生烃潜力。提出了基于单位岩石烃源岩产烃率的定量评价方法,对不同类型烃源岩的总生烃量和总资源量定量预测表明:炭质泥岩对侏罗系生烃总量和油气资源的贡献率分别达到44.8%和41.7%,整体提升了柴达木盆地侏罗系烃源岩的资源潜力,煤型气的资源潜力大幅度提高,对柴达木盆地天然气勘探具有重要指导意义。
Many types of coal-measure source rocks, mainly including mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone, coal and oil shale, were developed in Jurassic in Qaidam basin. Different types of source rocks, controlled by sedimentary environments, have significant difference in organic matter, organic matter type and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion models. Those traditional evaluation methods underestimated hydrocarbon generation potential of carbonaceous mudstone and coal. This study presents a quantitative evaluation method based on hydrocarbon yield of unit source rock, predicts quantitatively total hydrocarbon amount and total resource extent of source rocks. The results shows contribution ratio of carbonaceous mudstone to hydrocarbon generation of Jurassic and oil & gas resource was 44.8% and 41.7%, respectively, promoting resource potential of source rocks in Jurassic of Qaidam basin, improving greatly resource potential of coal-type gas, which has guiding significance for gas exploration in Qaidam basin.
Many types of coal-measure source rocks, mainly including mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone, coal and oil shale, were developed in Jurassic in Qaidam basin. Different types of source rocks, controlled by sedimentary environments, have significant difference in organic matter, organic matter type and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion models. Those traditional evaluation methods underestimated hydrocarbon generation potential of carbonaceous mudstone and coal. This study presents a quantitative evaluation method based on hydrocarbon yield of unit source rock, predicts quantitatively total hydrocarbon amount and total resource extent of source rocks. The results shows contribution ratio of carbonaceous mudstone to hydrocarbon generation of Jurassic and oil & gas resource was 44.8% and 41.7%, respectively, promoting resource potential of source rocks in Jurassic of Qaidam basin, improving greatly resource potential of coal-type gas, which has guiding significance for gas exploration in Qaidam basin.
引文
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[2]时华星,宋明水,徐春华,等.煤型气地质综合研究思路与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[3]戴金星,杨春,胡国艺,等.煤成气是中国天然气工业的主角[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(6):733-740.DAI Jinxing,YANG Chun,HU Guoyi,et al.Coal gas is the leading actor in China’s natural gas industry[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(6):733-740.
[4]王红岩,张建博,刘洪林.中国煤层气可利用经济储量预测与发展前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):15-17.WANG Hongyan,ZHANG Jianbo,LIU Honglin.Prediction and development prospect of economic reserves of coalbed methane in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):15-17.
[5]夏新宇,秦胜飞,卫延召,等.煤成气研究促进中国天然气储量迅速增加[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):17-20.XIA Xinyu,QIN Shengfei,WEI Yanzhao,et al.The study of coal derived gas promotes the rapid increase of natural gas reserves in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(2):17-20.
[6]傅家谟,盛国英,刘德汉.煤成烃地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:182-327.
[7]程克明.吐哈盆地油气生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[8]黄第藩,熊传武.含煤地层中石油的生成-运移和生油潜力评价[J].勘探家,1996,1(2):6-11.HUANG Difan,XIONG Chuanwu.Generation migration and oil potential evaluation of petroleum in coal bearing formations[J].Explorationist,1996,1(2):6-11.
[9]黄第藩,秦匡宗,王铁冠,等.煤成油的形成和成烃机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[10]赵孟军,肖中尧,彭燕,等.煤系泥岩和煤岩生成原油的地球化学特征[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):8-10.ZHAO Mengjun,XIAO Zhongyao,PENG Yan,et al.Geochemical characteristics of crude oil generated from coal measures,mudstone and coal[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(5):8-10.
[11]黄第藩,卢双舫.煤成油地球化学研究现状与展望[J].地学前缘,1999,6(增刊1):183-192.HUANG Difan,LU Shuangfang.Current situation and prospect in geochemistry of oil from coals[J].Coal Science Frontiers,1999,6(S1):183-192.
[12]陈建平,赵长毅,何忠华,等.煤系有机质生烃潜力评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(1):1-5.CHEN Jianping,ZHAO Changyi,HE Zhonghua,et al.Discussion on evaluation criteria for hydrocarbon potential of organic matter in coal measures[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(1):1-5.
[13]刘德汉,张惠之,戴金星,等.煤岩显微组分的成烃实验研究与评价[J].科学通报,2000,45(4):346-352.LIU Dehan,ZHANG Huizhi,DAI Jinxing,et al.Experimental study and evaluation of hydrocarbon generation from coal macerals[J].Science Bulletin,2000,45(4):346-352.
[14]赵长毅,赵文智,程克明,等.吐哈盆地煤油源岩形成条件与生油评价[J].石油学报,1998,19(3):21-25.ZHAO Changyi,ZHAO Wenzhi,CHENG Keming,et al.Formation conditions and oil source evaluation of oil source rocks in Turpan Hami basin[J].Acta Sinica,1998,19(3):21-25.
[15]冯子辉,李景坤,李振广.大庆探区煤系烃源岩的生烃条件研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(5):1-4.FENG Zihui,LI Jingkun,LI Zhenguang.Study on hydrocarbon generation conditions of coal measures source rocks in Daqing exploration area[J].Petroleum Geology and Development in Daqing,2002,21(5):1-4.
[16]陈建平,赵文智,秦勇,等.中国西北地区侏罗纪煤成油气形成(之一)[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):1-9.CHEN Jianping,ZHAO Wenzhi,QIN Yong,et al.Formation of Jurassic coal oil and gas in Northwest China(one)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(3):1-9.
[17]刘德汉,傅家谟,肖贤明,等.煤成烃的成因与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):137-140.LIU Dehan,FU Jiamo,XIAO Xianming,et al.Genesis and evaluation of coal derived hydrocarbons[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):137-140.
[18]庞雄奇,LAN Lerche,王雅春,等.煤系源岩排烃门限理论研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[19]王玉华,侯启军,孙德君,等.柴达木盆地北缘地区中新生代地层油气生成与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[20]秦建中.华北地区煤系烃源岩油气生成、运移、评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[21]刘洛夫,妥进才,于会娟,等.柴达木盆地北部地区侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(1):64-68.LIU Luofu,TUO Jincai,YU Huijuan,et al.Geochemical characteristics of Jurassic source rocks in the northern Qaidam basin[J].Journal of University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2000,24(1):64-68.
[22]付玲,张子亚,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩差异性研究及勘探意义[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):218-223.FU Ling,ZHANG Ziya,ZHANG Daowei,et al.Differential study of Jurassic source rocks in the northern margin of Qaidam basin and its significance for exploration[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(2):218-223.
[23]曹剑,边立曾,刘云田,等.柴达木盆地北缘中、下侏罗统烃源岩生烃潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):21-24.CAO Jian,BIAN Lizeng,LIU Yuntian,et al.The northern margin of the Qaidam basin in the Middle Lower Jurassic hydrocarbon generation potential[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):21-24.
[24]高斌斌,徐耀辉,李可文.柴达木盆地柴北缘侏罗系烃源岩特征分析[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2014,11(2):21-23.GAO Binbin,XU Yaohui,LI Kewen.The evaluation of Jurassic hydrocarbon source rock in north margin Qaidam basin[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2014,11(2):21-23.
[25]焦贵浩,秦建中,王静,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩有机岩石学特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(3):250-255.JIAO Guihao,QIN Jianzhong,WANG Jing,et al.Organic petrology characteristics of Jurassic source rocks in the northern Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Geology,2005,27(3):250-255.
[26]阎存凤,袁剑英,陈启林,等.柴达木盆地北缘东段大煤沟组一段优质烃源岩[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):49-53.YAN Cunfeng,YUAN Jianying,CHEN Qilin,et al.High quality source rocks of the first member of a large coal channel Formation in the eastern segment of the northern margin of Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Sinica,2011,32(1):49-53.
[27]田光荣,阎存凤,妥进才,等.柴达木盆地柴北缘煤成气晚期成藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(6):1028-1032.TIAN Guangrong,YAN Cunfeng,TUO Jincai,et al.Late hydrocarbon accumulation characteristic of coal related gas in Northern Qaidam basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(6):1028-1032.
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