煤炭资源整合中矿业权流转的公私冲突及调适
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摘要
矿业权兼具物权的私法属性与行政许可的公法属性,流转中存在国家干预与私人自治的内在张力和冲突。在煤炭资源整合背景下,这种冲突表现为:以阴阳合同的方式进行矿业权转让,名为整合、实为挂靠;登记权利人与实际权利人分离交易;合同解除权行使与整合政策冲突,强制关闭在采矿许可证有效期限内的煤矿等。调适路径在于:理论层面,澄清矿业权的法权属性,突出其物权性质;立法层面,调整涉矿业权的法律法规中限制矿业权流转的规范安排;司法层面,合理定位公法与私法在矿业权流转中的调整范围,融贯公私法共治并存的模式。从长远看,应借助《矿产资源法》修订的契机建立现代矿业制度。
Mining rights both have the characteristic of private law of real rights,and the characteristic of public law of administrative permission.There are inner tension and external conflicts between state intervention and private governance in mining rights transfer.Under the background of coal resources integration,conflicts mainly appear as that:some mining rights transfers are affiliated actually,but called integration by signing "black-white"contracts;registered owners and real owners transfer mining right separately;conflicts between recission rights of contracts and resources integration policy,coal mines are closed compulsively in terms of validity of mining license,and so on.Adjustion ways are proposed in below aspects:in the perspective of legal theory,the characteristic of legal right of mining rights should be clarified,and the characteristic of real rights of mining rights should be emphasized;in the perspective of legislation,restrictive norms of mining rights transfer in laws and regulations should be adjusted;in the perspective of judicature,regulating range of public law and private law in mining rights transfer should be orientated reasonably,the pattern of co-governance between public law and private law should be straightened.In the perspective of long-term,modern mining industry regulating system should be established by taking the chance of amendment of Mineral Resource Law.
Mining rights both have the characteristic of private law of real rights,and the characteristic of public law of administrative permission.There are inner tension and external conflicts between state intervention and private governance in mining rights transfer.Under the background of coal resources integration,conflicts mainly appear as that:some mining rights transfers are affiliated actually,but called integration by signing "black-white"contracts;registered owners and real owners transfer mining right separately;conflicts between recission rights of contracts and resources integration policy,coal mines are closed compulsively in terms of validity of mining license,and so on.Adjustion ways are proposed in below aspects:in the perspective of legal theory,the characteristic of legal right of mining rights should be clarified,and the characteristic of real rights of mining rights should be emphasized;in the perspective of legislation,restrictive norms of mining rights transfer in laws and regulations should be adjusted;in the perspective of judicature,regulating range of public law and private law in mining rights transfer should be orientated reasonably,the pattern of co-governance between public law and private law should be straightened.In the perspective of long-term,modern mining industry regulating system should be established by taking the chance of amendment of Mineral Resource Law.
引文
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[14]贵州省人民政府办公厅.省人民政府办公厅关于转发省能源局等部门贵州省煤矿企业兼并重组工作方案(试行)的通知(黔府办发[2012]61号)[Z].2012.
[15]贵州省人民政府办公厅.省人民政府办公厅关于印发贵州省推动煤炭电力行业供给侧结构性改革促进产业转型升级的实施意见(黔府办发[2016]20号)[Z].2016.
[16]浙江省浙商资本投资促进会.关于要求对山西省人民政府(晋政发[2009]10号)(晋政发[2008]23号)规范性文件内容的合法性、合理性问题进行审查处理的公民建议书[EB/OL].http:∥biz.zjol.com.cn/05biz/system/2009/11/10/016010133.shtml.
[17][意]彼德罗·彭梵得.罗马法教科书[M].黄风译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992:9.
[18][古罗马]查士丁尼.法学总论[M].张企泰译.北京:商务印书馆,1996:5-6.
[19]江必新.矿业权法律关系调整中的国家干预和私人自治---兼论法律行为效力理论之重构[J].法学评论,2018(1):57-64.JIANG Bixin.The research on state intervention and private autonomy of legal relationship adjustment of mining right,and on reconstruction of legal action effectiveness theory[J].Law Review,2018(1):57-64.
[20]史尚宽.民法总论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:5.
[21]最高人民法院.最高人民法院(2013)民提字第17号民事判决书[Z].2013.
[22]最高人民法院.最高人民法院(2015)民一终字第177号民事判决书[Z].2015.
[23]最高人民法院.最高人民法院(2015)民一终字第216号民事判决书[Z].2015.
[24]孙宪忠,等.物权法的实施[M].第1卷.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:27.
[25]奚晓明.环境资源典型案例选编与评析[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2014:346-347.
[26]江必新.矿产资源案件审判思路与裁判方法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2016:151.
[27]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2016)黔民终789号民事裁定书[Z].2016.
(1)数据来源于贵州省高级人民法院环保庭。
[2]李帅.黔煤技穷---煤炭大省贵州是如何一步步陷入兼并重组和去产能的困局之中的[J].能源,2017(4):56-65.LI Shuai.As the mainly coal mine province,how did Guizhou be caught in the trouble of merger,reorganization and reducing the capacity[J].Energy,2017(4):56-65.
[3]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2016)黔民终549号民事判决书[Z].2016.
[4]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2017)黔民终282号民事判决书[Z].2017.
[5]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2017)黔民终470号民事判决书[Z].2017.
[6]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2016)黔民终588号民事判决书[Z].2016.
[7]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2016)黔民初149号民事判决书[Z].2016.
[8]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2017)黔民终274号民事裁定书[Z].2017.
[9]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2016)黔民终288号民事判决书[Z].2016.
[10]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2015)黔高民初字第116号民事判决书[Z].2015.
[11]王继军,赵大为,王彬.矿产资源有偿取得法律问题研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2014:135.
[12]财政部.财政部国土资源部关于进一步做好政策性关闭矿山企业缴纳矿业权价款退还工作的通知(财建[2016]110号)[Z].2016.
[13]贵州省人民政府办公厅.省人民政府办公厅关于印发贵州省支持煤矿企业兼并重组政策规定的通知(黔府办法[2013]47号)[Z].2013.
[14]贵州省人民政府办公厅.省人民政府办公厅关于转发省能源局等部门贵州省煤矿企业兼并重组工作方案(试行)的通知(黔府办发[2012]61号)[Z].2012.
[15]贵州省人民政府办公厅.省人民政府办公厅关于印发贵州省推动煤炭电力行业供给侧结构性改革促进产业转型升级的实施意见(黔府办发[2016]20号)[Z].2016.
[16]浙江省浙商资本投资促进会.关于要求对山西省人民政府(晋政发[2009]10号)(晋政发[2008]23号)规范性文件内容的合法性、合理性问题进行审查处理的公民建议书[EB/OL].http:∥biz.zjol.com.cn/05biz/system/2009/11/10/016010133.shtml.
[17][意]彼德罗·彭梵得.罗马法教科书[M].黄风译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992:9.
[18][古罗马]查士丁尼.法学总论[M].张企泰译.北京:商务印书馆,1996:5-6.
[19]江必新.矿业权法律关系调整中的国家干预和私人自治---兼论法律行为效力理论之重构[J].法学评论,2018(1):57-64.JIANG Bixin.The research on state intervention and private autonomy of legal relationship adjustment of mining right,and on reconstruction of legal action effectiveness theory[J].Law Review,2018(1):57-64.
[20]史尚宽.民法总论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:5.
[21]最高人民法院.最高人民法院(2013)民提字第17号民事判决书[Z].2013.
[22]最高人民法院.最高人民法院(2015)民一终字第177号民事判决书[Z].2015.
[23]最高人民法院.最高人民法院(2015)民一终字第216号民事判决书[Z].2015.
[24]孙宪忠,等.物权法的实施[M].第1卷.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:27.
[25]奚晓明.环境资源典型案例选编与评析[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2014:346-347.
[26]江必新.矿产资源案件审判思路与裁判方法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2016:151.
[27]贵州省高级人民法院.贵州省高级人民法院(2016)黔民终789号民事裁定书[Z].2016.
(1)数据来源于贵州省高级人民法院环保庭。