渗透结晶型材料添加剂对水泥浆液性能影响试验
|
摘要
为获得可用于治理隧道渗漏水的高性能水泥浆液,选取具有优良防水抗渗性能的水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料Penetron,将其以添加剂的形式加入到水泥浆液中,添加量为水泥总质量的0.6%～1.6%。参照规范使用维卡仪、旋转黏度仪等仪器对水泥浆液黏度、凝结时间和结石率进行研究,使用自行设计的渗透系数测定仪研究注浆体抗渗性能,通过抗压强度试验研究标准养护和全水域养护条件下浆液结石体、注浆体的力学性能,通过SEM扫描试验对添加Penetron的浆液结石体微观结构进行分析。结果表明:Penetron对水泥浆液黏度和凝结时间无负面影响,随着添加量的增多,浆液结石率显著提高,当添加量为1.6%时,浆液结石率可达98.7%;Penetron可改变注浆体内部孔隙结构,有效降低水泥浆液渗透系数,提高注浆体抗渗性能,当添加量从0%增加至1.6%时,注浆体渗透系数从5.03×10~(-7) m·s~(-1)降低至3.40×10~(-8) m·s~(-1);Penetron的加入还可提高水泥浆液固结体的抗压强度,标准养护28 d,添加量为1.6%的注浆体抗压强度为5.36 MPa;在添加有Penetron的浆液结石体高倍SEM扫描图像中可见树枝状结晶体存在,且结晶体数量随Penetron添加量的增加而增多。根据试验结果和Penetron在水泥浆液中的作用机理分析,证明该材料可作为水泥浆液添加剂使用,当添加量为水泥总质量的1.4%～1.6%时,可获得用于治理隧道渗漏水的高性能注浆材料。
In order to prevent tunnel leakage, the capillary crystalline material, Penetron, was added to cement slurry as an additive to obtain high-performance cement slurry. The added Penetron comprised 0.6%-1.6% of the total cement contents. The viscosity, setting time, and rate of consolidation of the slurry were studied using Vicat Apparatus, Rotational Viscometers, and other instruments. The impermeability of the grouting materials was studied using a self-designed permeability coefficient determination apparatus. Compressive strength tests were used to study the mechanical properties of the grouting materials under standard conditions and conditions of whole water areas. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to analyze the microstructures of the grouting materials. The results show that Penetron has almost no negative effect on the viscosity or setting time of cement slurry, while it can significantly increase the rate of consolidation of cement slurry. When the amount of addition is 1.6%, the rate of consolidation reaches 98.7%. Penetron can change the pore structure, effectively reduce the permeability coefficient, and improve the impermeability of cement slurry. As the addition amount increases from 0% to 1.6%, the permeability coefficient of the grouting materials decreases from 5.03×10~(-7) m·s~(-1) to 3.40×10~(-8) m·s~(-1). Penetron can also increase the compressive strength of slurry. For the standard curing time of 28 days and the addition amount of 1.6%, the compression strength of the grouting material is 5.36 MPa. The SEM analysis shows dendritic crystals in high-magnification images of cement slurry containing Penetron, and the number of crystals increases as the added amount of Penetron increases. Based on the experimental results and the mechanism of Penetron in cement slurry, Penetron can be used as a cement slurry additive. When the amount of Penetron is approximately 1.4% to 1.6% of the total cement, high-performance waterproof grouting materials for treating tunnel leakages are obtained.
In order to prevent tunnel leakage, the capillary crystalline material, Penetron, was added to cement slurry as an additive to obtain high-performance cement slurry. The added Penetron comprised 0.6%-1.6% of the total cement contents. The viscosity, setting time, and rate of consolidation of the slurry were studied using Vicat Apparatus, Rotational Viscometers, and other instruments. The impermeability of the grouting materials was studied using a self-designed permeability coefficient determination apparatus. Compressive strength tests were used to study the mechanical properties of the grouting materials under standard conditions and conditions of whole water areas. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to analyze the microstructures of the grouting materials. The results show that Penetron has almost no negative effect on the viscosity or setting time of cement slurry, while it can significantly increase the rate of consolidation of cement slurry. When the amount of addition is 1.6%, the rate of consolidation reaches 98.7%. Penetron can change the pore structure, effectively reduce the permeability coefficient, and improve the impermeability of cement slurry. As the addition amount increases from 0% to 1.6%, the permeability coefficient of the grouting materials decreases from 5.03×10~(-7) m·s~(-1) to 3.40×10~(-8) m·s~(-1). Penetron can also increase the compressive strength of slurry. For the standard curing time of 28 days and the addition amount of 1.6%, the compression strength of the grouting material is 5.36 MPa. The SEM analysis shows dendritic crystals in high-magnification images of cement slurry containing Penetron, and the number of crystals increases as the added amount of Penetron increases. Based on the experimental results and the mechanism of Penetron in cement slurry, Penetron can be used as a cement slurry additive. When the amount of Penetron is approximately 1.4% to 1.6% of the total cement, high-performance waterproof grouting materials for treating tunnel leakages are obtained.
引文
[1] 王海超,邵义,安雪晖,等.RC-GUARDEX渗透结晶型防水材料应用性能试验研究[J].混凝土,2016(3):147-150.WANG Hai-chao,SHAO Yi,AN Xue-hui,et al.Experimental Study on the Application of RC-GUARDEX Permeable Crystalline Waterproof Material [J].Concrete,2016 (3):147-150.
[2] 王成言,韩玙.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料[J].西北水力发电,2005,21(4):41-44.WANG Cheng-yan,HAN Yu.Cement Based Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Material [J].Journal of Northweat Hydroelectric Power,2005,21 (4):41-42.
[3] 薛绍祖.国外水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的研究与发展[J].广东建材,2002(2):9-12.XUE Shao-zu.Research and Development of Cement Based Permeable Crystalline Cracking Waterproofing Material [J].Guangdong Building Materials,2002 (2):9-12.
[4] 黄洪胜,胡浩,张明强,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料研究应用进展[J].公路交通技术,2011(4):18-21.HUANG Hong-sheng,HU Hao,ZHANG Ming-qiang,et al.Progress of Research and Application of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Materials [J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2011 (4):18-21.
[5] 刘行,殷素红,李铁锋,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水剂在地铁应用的试验研究[J].混凝土,2007(4):40-42.LIU Hang,YIN Su-hong,LI Tie-feng,et al.Experimental Research of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Material Applied to Metro Engineering Concrete [J].Concrete,2007 (4):40-42.
[6] NEVERKOVICA D,KORJAKINS A.Influence of Additives on Reinforced Concrete Durability [J].Construction Science,2015,16 (1):21-26.
[7] BADAOUI A,BADAOUI M,KHARCHI F.Probabilistic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Carbonation Depth [J].Materials Sciences & Applications,2013,4 (3):205-215.
[8] LIU J Z,BA M F,DU Y G,et al.Effects of Chloride Ions on Carbonation Rate of Hardened Cement Paste by X-ray CT Techniques [J].Construction & Building Materials,2016,122:619-627.
[9] WANG G,YU J.Self-healing Action of Permeable Crystalline Coating on Pores and Cracks in Cement-based Materials [J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Materials Science,2005,20 (1):89-92.
[10] HERBERT E N,LI V C.Self-healing of Engineered Cementitious Composites in the Natural Environment [J].Rilem Bookseries,2012,2 (8):155-162.
[11] 匡亚川,欧进萍.混凝土的渗透结晶自修复试验与研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2008,5(1):6-10.KUANG Ya-chuan,OU Jin-ping.Experiment and Research on Permeable Crystallization Self-repairing Performance of Concrete [J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2008,5 (1):6-10.
[12] 曾俊杰,范志宏,熊建波,等.混凝土裂缝渗透结晶自愈合评价方法研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2015,34(10):3051-3055.ZENG Jun-jie,FAN Zhi-hong,XIONG Jian-bo,et al.Assessment Methods for Concrete Crack Self Healing Caused by Permeable Crystallization [J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2015,34 (10):3051-3055.
[13] 郭远臣,谢波,王鸿东,等.渗透结晶型高抗渗生态水工混凝土性能研究[J].混凝土,2013(6):120-123.GUO Yuan-chen,XIE Bo,WANG Hong-dong,et al.Research of Performance on Permeable Crystallization Type High-impermeability Hydraulic Concrete [J].Concrete,2013 (6):120-123.
[14] 王海超,邵义,安雪晖,等.RC-GUARDEX渗透结晶型防水材料应用性能试验研究[J].混凝土,2016(3):147-150.WANG Hai-chao,SHAO Yi,AN Xue-hui,et al.Experimental Study on the Application of RC-GUARDEX Permeable Crystalline Waterproof Material [J].Concrete,2016 (3):147-150.
[15] 陈光耀,吴笑梅,樊粤明.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的作用机理分析[J].新型建筑材料,2009,36(8):68-71.CHEN Guang-yao,WU Xiao-mei,FAN Yue-ming.Analysis on Mechanism of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Materials [J].New Building Materials,2009,36 (8):68-71.
[16] 崔巩,刘建忠,高秀利,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料渗透结晶性能评测方法研究现状[J].中国建筑防水,2010(16):39-42.CUI Gong,LIU Jian-zhong,GAO Xiu-li,et al.Research Actuality of Capillary Crystalline Test Methods for Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Material [J].China Building Waterproofing,2010 (16):39-42.
[17] 王星华.山岭隧道渗漏水防治新方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,1997,17(4):227-231.WANG Xing-hua.A New Method for Prevention of Seepage in Mountain Tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,1997,17 (4):227-231.
[18] 沙飞,刘人太,李术才,等.运营期渗漏水隧道注浆材料适用性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(12):4163-4172.SHA Fei,LIU Ren-tai,LI Shu-cai,et al.Application on Different Types of Cementitious Grouts for Water-leakage Operational Tunnels [J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2016,47 (12):4163-4172.
[19] FUKUDA D,MARUYAMA M,NARA Y,et al.Observation of Fracture Sealing in High-strength and Ultra-low-permeability Concrete by Micro-focus X-ray CT and SEM/EDX [J].International Journal of Fracture,2014,188 (2):159-171.
[20] 杨晓华,徐礼笑,郑坤隆,等.钻孔取芯试件渗透系数测定仪:中国,CN205665144U[P].2016-10-26.YANG Xiao-hua,XU Li-xiao,ZHENG Kun-long,et al.The Permeability Coefficient Determinator of Core-driling Specimens:China,CN205665144U [P].2016-10-26.
[2] 王成言,韩玙.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料[J].西北水力发电,2005,21(4):41-44.WANG Cheng-yan,HAN Yu.Cement Based Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Material [J].Journal of Northweat Hydroelectric Power,2005,21 (4):41-42.
[3] 薛绍祖.国外水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的研究与发展[J].广东建材,2002(2):9-12.XUE Shao-zu.Research and Development of Cement Based Permeable Crystalline Cracking Waterproofing Material [J].Guangdong Building Materials,2002 (2):9-12.
[4] 黄洪胜,胡浩,张明强,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料研究应用进展[J].公路交通技术,2011(4):18-21.HUANG Hong-sheng,HU Hao,ZHANG Ming-qiang,et al.Progress of Research and Application of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Materials [J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2011 (4):18-21.
[5] 刘行,殷素红,李铁锋,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水剂在地铁应用的试验研究[J].混凝土,2007(4):40-42.LIU Hang,YIN Su-hong,LI Tie-feng,et al.Experimental Research of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Material Applied to Metro Engineering Concrete [J].Concrete,2007 (4):40-42.
[6] NEVERKOVICA D,KORJAKINS A.Influence of Additives on Reinforced Concrete Durability [J].Construction Science,2015,16 (1):21-26.
[7] BADAOUI A,BADAOUI M,KHARCHI F.Probabilistic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Carbonation Depth [J].Materials Sciences & Applications,2013,4 (3):205-215.
[8] LIU J Z,BA M F,DU Y G,et al.Effects of Chloride Ions on Carbonation Rate of Hardened Cement Paste by X-ray CT Techniques [J].Construction & Building Materials,2016,122:619-627.
[9] WANG G,YU J.Self-healing Action of Permeable Crystalline Coating on Pores and Cracks in Cement-based Materials [J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Materials Science,2005,20 (1):89-92.
[10] HERBERT E N,LI V C.Self-healing of Engineered Cementitious Composites in the Natural Environment [J].Rilem Bookseries,2012,2 (8):155-162.
[11] 匡亚川,欧进萍.混凝土的渗透结晶自修复试验与研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2008,5(1):6-10.KUANG Ya-chuan,OU Jin-ping.Experiment and Research on Permeable Crystallization Self-repairing Performance of Concrete [J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2008,5 (1):6-10.
[12] 曾俊杰,范志宏,熊建波,等.混凝土裂缝渗透结晶自愈合评价方法研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2015,34(10):3051-3055.ZENG Jun-jie,FAN Zhi-hong,XIONG Jian-bo,et al.Assessment Methods for Concrete Crack Self Healing Caused by Permeable Crystallization [J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2015,34 (10):3051-3055.
[13] 郭远臣,谢波,王鸿东,等.渗透结晶型高抗渗生态水工混凝土性能研究[J].混凝土,2013(6):120-123.GUO Yuan-chen,XIE Bo,WANG Hong-dong,et al.Research of Performance on Permeable Crystallization Type High-impermeability Hydraulic Concrete [J].Concrete,2013 (6):120-123.
[14] 王海超,邵义,安雪晖,等.RC-GUARDEX渗透结晶型防水材料应用性能试验研究[J].混凝土,2016(3):147-150.WANG Hai-chao,SHAO Yi,AN Xue-hui,et al.Experimental Study on the Application of RC-GUARDEX Permeable Crystalline Waterproof Material [J].Concrete,2016 (3):147-150.
[15] 陈光耀,吴笑梅,樊粤明.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的作用机理分析[J].新型建筑材料,2009,36(8):68-71.CHEN Guang-yao,WU Xiao-mei,FAN Yue-ming.Analysis on Mechanism of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Materials [J].New Building Materials,2009,36 (8):68-71.
[16] 崔巩,刘建忠,高秀利,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料渗透结晶性能评测方法研究现状[J].中国建筑防水,2010(16):39-42.CUI Gong,LIU Jian-zhong,GAO Xiu-li,et al.Research Actuality of Capillary Crystalline Test Methods for Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Material [J].China Building Waterproofing,2010 (16):39-42.
[17] 王星华.山岭隧道渗漏水防治新方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,1997,17(4):227-231.WANG Xing-hua.A New Method for Prevention of Seepage in Mountain Tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,1997,17 (4):227-231.
[18] 沙飞,刘人太,李术才,等.运营期渗漏水隧道注浆材料适用性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(12):4163-4172.SHA Fei,LIU Ren-tai,LI Shu-cai,et al.Application on Different Types of Cementitious Grouts for Water-leakage Operational Tunnels [J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2016,47 (12):4163-4172.
[19] FUKUDA D,MARUYAMA M,NARA Y,et al.Observation of Fracture Sealing in High-strength and Ultra-low-permeability Concrete by Micro-focus X-ray CT and SEM/EDX [J].International Journal of Fracture,2014,188 (2):159-171.
[20] 杨晓华,徐礼笑,郑坤隆,等.钻孔取芯试件渗透系数测定仪:中国,CN205665144U[P].2016-10-26.YANG Xiao-hua,XU Li-xiao,ZHENG Kun-long,et al.The Permeability Coefficient Determinator of Core-driling Specimens:China,CN205665144U [P].2016-10-26.