钾肥施用量对不同烤烟品种钾素吸收和积累的影响
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摘要
为解决豫中烟区"黄金叶"品牌基地单元烤烟钾含量较低的问题,以当地主栽烤烟品种中烟100、K326和豫烟12号为材料,研究了3个烤烟品种在不同钾肥用量水平下的钾素吸收积累动态变化。结果表明:3个烤烟品种的干物质积累量随着钾肥用量的增加表现出增加趋势。品种和钾肥用量两因素均对烤烟钾素吸收和积累有显著影响,3个烤烟品种在不同钾肥用量水平下,随移栽期的推进烟株对钾的吸收积累整体呈现"慢—快—慢"的变化规律,根系钾含量逐渐降低,茎和叶钾含量表现出先增加后降低的趋势。施钾量210 kg/hm~2时有利于提高3个烤烟品种成熟期烟叶钾含量以及钾的积累量。
To solve the challenge of low potassium content in flue-cured tobacco from"Golden Leaf "bases in central Henan tobacco-growing areas, a field experiment was conducted with cv. Zhongyan100, K326 and Yuyan12 to study the dynamic K absorption and accumulation at different K application rates. The results showed that with the increase in K application rate, the dry matter accumulation in the three flue-cured tobacco cultivars increased. Cultivar and K application rate significantly influenced K absorption and accumulation. In general, the K absorption and accumulation presented a"slow-fast-slow"variation after transplanting. The K content in roots decreased gradually and those in stalks and leaves increased first and then decreased. The K application rate of 210 kg/hm2 was beneficial to the promotion of K content and accumulation in leaves of the three cultivars at mature stage.
To solve the challenge of low potassium content in flue-cured tobacco from"Golden Leaf "bases in central Henan tobacco-growing areas, a field experiment was conducted with cv. Zhongyan100, K326 and Yuyan12 to study the dynamic K absorption and accumulation at different K application rates. The results showed that with the increase in K application rate, the dry matter accumulation in the three flue-cured tobacco cultivars increased. Cultivar and K application rate significantly influenced K absorption and accumulation. In general, the K absorption and accumulation presented a"slow-fast-slow"variation after transplanting. The K content in roots decreased gradually and those in stalks and leaves increased first and then decreased. The K application rate of 210 kg/hm2 was beneficial to the promotion of K content and accumulation in leaves of the three cultivars at mature stage.
引文
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[9]杨铁钊,彭玉富.富钾基因型烤烟钾积累特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):750-753.YANG Tiezhao,PENG Yufu.Potassium accumulation characteristics of rich-potassium genotypic flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2006,12(5):750-753.
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[12]舒海燕,常胜合,杨铁钊.烟草钾素外排及其预防的初步研究[J].作物杂志,2005(2):16-17.SHU Haiyan,CHANG Shenghe,YANG Tiezhao.Preliminary study of excretion and preventive measure of tobacco potassium[J].Crops,2005(2):16-17.
[13]沈方科,韦忠,黄芩芬,等.断根、环割对烟草体内钾、钙、镁循环和积累的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(1):127-131.SHEN Fangke,WEI Zhong,HUANG Qinfen,et al.Effects of the root-cutting and girding on the circulation and accumulation of the potassium,calcium and magnesium in tobacco[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(1):127-131.
[14]戴林建,徐双红,王翔,等.施钾对烤烟高钾新品系生长发育及含钾量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(30):152-158.DAI Linjian,XU Shuanghong,WANG Xiang,et al.Effects of potassium application rate on the growth and potassium content of new strains of flue-cured tobacco with high potassium efficiency[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(30):152-158.
[15]张翔,马聪,毛家伟,等.钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(5):50-53.ZHANG Xiang,MA Cong,MAO Jiawei,et al.Effects of potassium fertilizer application methods on flue-cured tobacco potassium utilization and contents of soil potassium[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2012(5):50-53.
[16]杨亿军,蒲文宣,汪耀富,等.灌水和钾用量对烤烟干物质积累及养分吸收的影响[J].烟草科技,2010(4):48-50,64.YANG Yijun,PU Wenxuan,WANG Yaofu,et al.Effects of irrigation and potassium rate on dry matter accumulation in and nutrient uptake of flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2010(4):48-50,64.
[17]王勇,杨欢,陈光登,等.不同品种烤烟中后期钾素吸收和积累特征差异[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(3):30-36.WANG Yong,YANG Huan,CHEN Guangdeng,et al.Astudy on potassium uptake and accumulation characteristic differences in leaves among different flue-cured tobacco cultivars during middle and late growth stages[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(3):30-36.
[18]赵晓文.基于GIS的郏县烟草施肥专家系统研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.ZHAO Xiaowen.Study on the expert system of tobacco fertilization in Jiaxian county based on GIS[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2009.
[19]李富强,宫长荣,宋朝鹏,等.河南浓香型烤烟与进口烟叶的内在品质比较[J].浙江农业科学,2008(6):780-783.LI Fuqiang,GONG Changrong,SONG Chaopeng,et al.A comparative analysis of inherent quality character between Herman enriched flavor flue-cured tobacco leaf and imported tobacco leaf[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2008(6):780-783.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shidan.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[21]李静,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.钾肥运筹对烤烟钾吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):969-978.LI Jing,ZHANG Xizhou,LI Tingxuan,et al.Effect of potash management on potassium absorption and utilization of flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2015,21(4):969-978.
[2]何冰,黄银甫,李建华,等.富钾基因型烤烟叶片钾含量的动态变化[J].烟草科技,2018,51(5):32-38.HE Bing,HUANG Yinfu,LI Jianhua,et al.Dynamic variation of potassium content in leaves of flue-cured tobacco of rich-potassium genotype[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2018,51(5):32-38.
[3]潘著,戴林建,吴成林.不同供钾水平下烤烟高钾新品系钾含量的配合力[J].烟草科技,2012(7):76-80,90.PAN Zhu,DAI Linjian,WU Chenglin.Combining ability of potassium content in new flue-cured tobacco cultivars of high potassium efficiency at different potassium application levels[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2012(7):76-80,90.
[4]Farrokh A R,Farrokh A.Effect of nitrogen and potassium on yield,agronomy efficiency,physiological efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen and potassium in flue-cured tobacco[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences,2012,4:770-778.
[5]钟晓兰,张德远,周生路,等.钾肥用量及基追肥比例对烤烟干物质累积和钾素吸收动态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(2):251-255.ZHONG Xiaolan,ZHANG Deyuan,ZHOU Shenglu,et al.Effects of potassium application rate and its supplemental proportion on dry matter accumulation and potassium absorption of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(2):251-255.
[6]周冀衡,汪邓民,吕国新,等.不同烤烟品种苗期对钾素响应能力的研究[J].中国烟草科学,1998,19(2):8-12.ZHOU Jiheng,WANG Dengmin,LüGuoxin,et al.Study on response capability of different flue-cured tobacco varieties to potassium[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1998,19(2):8-12.
[7]邱尧,周冀衡,黄劭理,等.根部温度和氮素形态互作对烤烟生长和钾素积累的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(3):88-92.QIU Yao,ZHOU Jiheng,HUANG Shaoli,et al.Interaction effects of root temperature and nitrogen form on growth of and potassium accumulation in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(3):88-92.
[8]舒海燕,常胜合,杨铁钊.烟株打顶对钾素含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2005,34(1):25-26.SHU Haiyan,CHANG Shenghe,YANG Tiezhao.Effect of cutting terminal buds on K content of tobacco plant[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2005,34(1):25-26.
[9]杨铁钊,彭玉富.富钾基因型烤烟钾积累特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):750-753.YANG Tiezhao,PENG Yufu.Potassium accumulation characteristics of rich-potassium genotypic flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2006,12(5):750-753.
[10]代晓燕,苏以荣,魏文学,等.打顶对烤烟植株钾素代谢和钾离子通道基因表达的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):854-861.DAI Xiaoyan,SU Yirong,WEI Wenxue,et al.Effects of topping on potassium metabolism and expression of potassium channels in tobacco plants[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(3):854-861.
[11]郭丽琢,张福锁,李春俭.打顶对烟草生长、钾素吸收及其分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(7):819-822.GUO Lizhuo,ZHANG Fusuo,LI Chunjian.Effects of decapitation on growth,uptake and distribution of potassium in tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(7):819-822.
[12]舒海燕,常胜合,杨铁钊.烟草钾素外排及其预防的初步研究[J].作物杂志,2005(2):16-17.SHU Haiyan,CHANG Shenghe,YANG Tiezhao.Preliminary study of excretion and preventive measure of tobacco potassium[J].Crops,2005(2):16-17.
[13]沈方科,韦忠,黄芩芬,等.断根、环割对烟草体内钾、钙、镁循环和积累的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(1):127-131.SHEN Fangke,WEI Zhong,HUANG Qinfen,et al.Effects of the root-cutting and girding on the circulation and accumulation of the potassium,calcium and magnesium in tobacco[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(1):127-131.
[14]戴林建,徐双红,王翔,等.施钾对烤烟高钾新品系生长发育及含钾量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(30):152-158.DAI Linjian,XU Shuanghong,WANG Xiang,et al.Effects of potassium application rate on the growth and potassium content of new strains of flue-cured tobacco with high potassium efficiency[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(30):152-158.
[15]张翔,马聪,毛家伟,等.钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(5):50-53.ZHANG Xiang,MA Cong,MAO Jiawei,et al.Effects of potassium fertilizer application methods on flue-cured tobacco potassium utilization and contents of soil potassium[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2012(5):50-53.
[16]杨亿军,蒲文宣,汪耀富,等.灌水和钾用量对烤烟干物质积累及养分吸收的影响[J].烟草科技,2010(4):48-50,64.YANG Yijun,PU Wenxuan,WANG Yaofu,et al.Effects of irrigation and potassium rate on dry matter accumulation in and nutrient uptake of flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2010(4):48-50,64.
[17]王勇,杨欢,陈光登,等.不同品种烤烟中后期钾素吸收和积累特征差异[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(3):30-36.WANG Yong,YANG Huan,CHEN Guangdeng,et al.Astudy on potassium uptake and accumulation characteristic differences in leaves among different flue-cured tobacco cultivars during middle and late growth stages[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(3):30-36.
[18]赵晓文.基于GIS的郏县烟草施肥专家系统研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.ZHAO Xiaowen.Study on the expert system of tobacco fertilization in Jiaxian county based on GIS[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2009.
[19]李富强,宫长荣,宋朝鹏,等.河南浓香型烤烟与进口烟叶的内在品质比较[J].浙江农业科学,2008(6):780-783.LI Fuqiang,GONG Changrong,SONG Chaopeng,et al.A comparative analysis of inherent quality character between Herman enriched flavor flue-cured tobacco leaf and imported tobacco leaf[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2008(6):780-783.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shidan.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[21]李静,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.钾肥运筹对烤烟钾吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):969-978.LI Jing,ZHANG Xizhou,LI Tingxuan,et al.Effect of potash management on potassium absorption and utilization of flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2015,21(4):969-978.