RTK无验潮水深测量误差分析及控制方法
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摘要
实时动态(real time kinematic,RTK)无验潮水深测量技术已成为海洋测绘发展的方向。从RTK无验潮水深测量原理和误差来源入手,定性与定量分析了高程拟合误差、波浪引起的误差、仪器测量误差、定位时延以及仪器安装等误差对成果精度的影响,指出选择恰当的拟合模型是控制高程拟合误差的关键,安装姿态传感器可以削弱波浪引起的误差,提出测量前对换能器连接杆进行垂直度测量、采用双频接收机和PPS等控制方法可以有效减小测量误差。结合实践提出减小RTK无验潮水深测量精度四点建议,为RTK无验潮水深测量技术的推广应用提供参考。
In marine surveying and mapping, The no-tide RTK measurement has become trend marine surveying. Starting from the principle of the no-tide RTK measurement and the source of error, this paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyses the effects of elevation fitting error, wave-induced error, instrument measuring error, positioning delay and instrument installation error on result accuraly. It points out that the key to control elevation fitting error is to select appropriate fitting model, and the error caused by wave can be weakened by installing attitude sensors. It is proposed that the measurement errors can be effectively reduced by measuring the verticality of the connecting rod of the transducer before measurement, using dual-frequency receivers and application of PPS control methods. Finally, four suggestions are put forward to reduce the accuracy of RTK tide-free bathymetric survey, which can provide reference for the popularization and application of the no-tide RTK survey technology.
In marine surveying and mapping, The no-tide RTK measurement has become trend marine surveying. Starting from the principle of the no-tide RTK measurement and the source of error, this paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyses the effects of elevation fitting error, wave-induced error, instrument measuring error, positioning delay and instrument installation error on result accuraly. It points out that the key to control elevation fitting error is to select appropriate fitting model, and the error caused by wave can be weakened by installing attitude sensors. It is proposed that the measurement errors can be effectively reduced by measuring the verticality of the connecting rod of the transducer before measurement, using dual-frequency receivers and application of PPS control methods. Finally, four suggestions are put forward to reduce the accuracy of RTK tide-free bathymetric survey, which can provide reference for the popularization and application of the no-tide RTK survey technology.
引文
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[11] 刘胜旋,林勇,黄辰虎.1PPS时间同步对多波束测深质量的影响[J].海洋测绘,2011(2):31-33
[2] 赵建虎,陆振波,王爱学,等.海洋测绘技术发展现状[J].测绘地理信息,2017,42(6):1-11
[3] 中华人民共和国交通运输部.水运工程测量规范:JTS 131-2012[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2012
[4] 卢军民,安延云,张东明,等.无验潮测深技术中影响水深测量精度的几个问题探讨[J].水运工程,2010(5):47-51
[5] 陈安平,李红伟.GPS高程拟合方法的比较研究[J].测绘地理信息,2013,38(3):32-35
[6] 闫建伟,周长江.GPS高程异常拟合研究及精度分析[J].全球定位系统,2014,39(1):68-71
[7] 王继刚,胡永辉.三种综合高程异常的方法[J].测绘通报,2009(4):19-21
[8] 华锡生,雷伟刚,岳东杰.GPS高程异常模型的优选及分析[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2000,24(4):16-18
[9] 朱武松.区域似大地水准面精化精度检测与应用验证—以福州市似大地水准面精化为例[J].福建建设科技,2011(2):68-70
[10] 张勤,王利.GPS坐标转换中高程异常误差影响规律研究[J].测绘通报,2001(6):12-14
[11] 刘胜旋,林勇,黄辰虎.1PPS时间同步对多波束测深质量的影响[J].海洋测绘,2011(2):31-33