乍得Bongor盆地基岩潜山储层特征与影响因素研究
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摘要
基岩潜山油气藏是油气勘探的重要领域。本文以覆盖Bongor盆地主要潜山构造带的高精度三维地震资料,近百口基岩钻井的岩心资料和系统解释成果为基础,对基岩储层的特征、展布规律及影响因素进行精细研究。通过开展岩心观察和镜下分析,明确了Bongor盆地基岩以花岗岩、正长岩和二长岩等岩浆岩和混合花岗岩、片麻岩等变质岩为主,基岩储集空间以破碎的粒间孔、构造裂缝和溶蚀孔洞为主。主要潜山带上的基岩钻井揭示潜山储层纵向上具有分带性,位于潜山顶部的风化壳和破碎带储集条件好,向下进入潜山内部储集条件逐步变差,平面上基岩储层分布广泛,但非均质性强,不同构造部位储层厚度和品质差异较大。通过对潜山构造带的构造恢复和地震、测井、岩心综合研究,明确Bongor盆地潜山储层主要受古构造位置、基岩岩性与矿物成分及构造活动的影响。位于构造高部位的潜山较低部位潜山基岩储层更为发育。长英质矿物较铁镁质矿物脆性强,应力作用下容易产生裂缝,沿着裂缝发生溶蚀而形成孔洞,富长英质矿物层段比铁镁质矿物层段储层品质更好。受构造活动的影响,主要断裂带附近构造裂缝发育,现今最大主应力方向与主要裂缝方向接近,有利于裂缝的张开与保存。基岩储层特征与影响因素的研究为潜山目标评价和钻前储层预测提供了可能。
Basement reserve is an important target in oil and gas exploration. Basing on high resolution 3 D seismic data that cover main buried-hill structures,the core data and petrophysical interpretation of nearly one hundred basement wells,this paper aims to study basement reservoir characteristics,vertical and lateral distribution and influence factors of basement reservoir property. The direct basement core observation and thin section microscopic study show that the basement is a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks which are mainly composed of granite,syenite,monzonitic granite,migmatitic granite and gneiss. The main spaces in basement reservoir are inter-grain pore,cracks and cavities. The reservoir study of the wells drilled in the main buried-hill structures indicate that basement reservoirs are vertically zoning. The reservoir property in crust and broken zone on top of buried-hill is better than that in the bottom and it gets worse as going down into the buried-hill. The basement reservoir is widely and heterogeneously distributed on the buried-hills. The thickness and property are different at different structural areas. Integrated study of structural restoration,seismic,well logging and core data indicate that the basement reservoir property is influenced by paleostructural location,lithology and mineral component and structural movements. The buried-hills which located at high paleotectonic location usually have thicker basement reservoir than the buried-hills located in low paleotectonic location. Felsic minerals are more brittle than mafic minerals and easier to develop fractures under pressure. Dissolutions usually happen with pores and caves developing along the fractures. Comparing to the mafic minerals dominant intervals,felsic minerals dominant intervals usually have better reservoirs. The fractures are well developed nearby the main faults because of structural movements. The directions of present maximum principle stress field and main fractures are very close and it is favorable for the fracture opening and preservation. The study of characteristics and influence factors of basement reservoir provides good possibility for the buried-hill target evaluation and basement reservoir pre-drilling prediction.
Basement reserve is an important target in oil and gas exploration. Basing on high resolution 3 D seismic data that cover main buried-hill structures,the core data and petrophysical interpretation of nearly one hundred basement wells,this paper aims to study basement reservoir characteristics,vertical and lateral distribution and influence factors of basement reservoir property. The direct basement core observation and thin section microscopic study show that the basement is a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks which are mainly composed of granite,syenite,monzonitic granite,migmatitic granite and gneiss. The main spaces in basement reservoir are inter-grain pore,cracks and cavities. The reservoir study of the wells drilled in the main buried-hill structures indicate that basement reservoirs are vertically zoning. The reservoir property in crust and broken zone on top of buried-hill is better than that in the bottom and it gets worse as going down into the buried-hill. The basement reservoir is widely and heterogeneously distributed on the buried-hills. The thickness and property are different at different structural areas. Integrated study of structural restoration,seismic,well logging and core data indicate that the basement reservoir property is influenced by paleostructural location,lithology and mineral component and structural movements. The buried-hills which located at high paleotectonic location usually have thicker basement reservoir than the buried-hills located in low paleotectonic location. Felsic minerals are more brittle than mafic minerals and easier to develop fractures under pressure. Dissolutions usually happen with pores and caves developing along the fractures. Comparing to the mafic minerals dominant intervals,felsic minerals dominant intervals usually have better reservoirs. The fractures are well developed nearby the main faults because of structural movements. The directions of present maximum principle stress field and main fractures are very close and it is favorable for the fracture opening and preservation. The study of characteristics and influence factors of basement reservoir provides good possibility for the buried-hill target evaluation and basement reservoir pre-drilling prediction.
引文
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Chen GP,Xu GS,Zhao ZG,Wang HB and Dan WN.2009.Feature of Paleozoic buried-hill reservoir in 3D zone of Saihantala sag of Erlian basin and affected factors.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,44(1):64-69(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cuong TX and Warren JK.2009.Bach Ho field,a fractured granitic basement reservoir,Cuu Long Basin,offshore SE Vietnam:A“buried-hill”play.Journal of Petroleum Geology,32(2):129-156
Deng YH.2015.Formation mechanism and exploration practice of largemedium buried-hill oil fields in Bohai Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,36(3):253-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dewey JF.1989.Kinematics and dynamics of basin inversion.In:Cooper MA and Williams GD(eds.).Inversion Tectonics.Geological Society,London,Special Publication,44(1):352
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Dou LR,Xiao KY,Hu Y,Song HR,Cheng DS and Du YB.2011.Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bongor Basin,the Republic of Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(3):379-386(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Genik GJ.1993.Petroleum geology of cretaceous-tertiary rift basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic.AAPG Bulletin,77(8):1405-1434
Guiraud R and Maurin JC.1992.Early cretaceous rifts of western and Central Africa:An overview.Tectonophysics,213(1-2):153-168
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He DF,Cui YQ,Zhang YY,Shan SQ,Xiao Y,Zhang CB,Zhou CAand Gao Y.2017.Structural genetic types of paleo-buried hill in Jizhong depression,Bohai Bay Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,33(4):1338-1356(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Li CH,Peng YM,Chu QZ,Huo CL,Zhao CM and Shao XJ.2018.Lithologic characteristics,reservoir space types and influencing factors of Upper Archean buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,30(5):21-28(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu XW,Zhu YF,Su J,Wang K and Zhang BT.2014.The characteristics and the controlling accumulation factors of buried hill reservoir in Hanilcatam,Tarim Basin.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),36(4):37-46(in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo JL,Morad S,Liang ZZ and Zhu YS.2005.Controls on the quality of Archean metamorphic and Jurassic volcanic reservoir rocks from the Xinglongtai buried hill,western depression of Liaohe basin,China.AAPG Bulletin,89(10):1319-1346
Mazzoli S and Helman M.1994.Neogene patterns of relative plate motion for Africa-Europe:Some implications for recent central Mediterranean tectonics.Geologische Rundschau,83(2):464-468
Meng FC,Cao YC,Cui Y,Xu T,Liu ZC and Wang YZ.2016.Genesis of Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs in Chepaizi salient in western margin of Junggar Basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum,40(5):22-31(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Rosenbaum G,Lister GS and Duboz C.2002.Relative motions of Africa,Iberia and Europe during Alpine orogeny.Tectonophysics,359(1-2):117-129
Salah MG and Alsharhan AS.1998.The Precambrian basement:A major reservoir in the rifted basin,Gulf of Suez.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,19(3-4):201-222
Song BR,Hu YJ,Bian SZ,Han HD,Cui XD and Zhang J.2011.Reservoir characteristics of the crystal basement in the Xinglongtai buried-hill,Liaohe Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(1):77-82(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang JC,Dou LR,Xu JG,Wei XD,Wang ZF and Chen HZ.2018.Granitic buried-hill reservoir characterization based on broadband,wide-azimuth and high-density seismic data:A case study of Bangor basin in Chad.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,53(2):320-329(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Xie WY,Meng WG,Li XG,Cai GG and Shan JF.2012.Basement reservoir in Liaohe Depression.Beijing:Oil Industry Press,146(in Chinese)
Xu CG,Yu HB,Wang J and Liu XJ.2019.Formation conditions and accumulation characteristics of Bozhong 19-6 large condensate gas field in offshore Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,46(1):25-38(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Zhou XH,Xiang H,Yu S,Wang G and Yao CH.2005.Reservoir characteristics and development controlling factors of JZS NeoArchean metamorphic buried hill oil pool in Bohai Sea.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(6):17-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu GY,Zhang SC,Wang HH,Yang HJ,Meng SC,Gu QY,Zhang Band Su J.2009.The formation and distribution of deep weathering crust in North Tarim basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(10):2384-2398(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈广坡,徐国盛,赵志刚,王洪波,淡伟宁.2009.二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷三维区古生界潜山储层特征及其影响因素.石油地球物理勘探,44(1):64-69
邓运华.2015.渤海大中型潜山油气田形成机理与勘探实践.石油学报,36(3):253-261
窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,肖坤叶,张志伟.2006.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布---兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析.石油勘探与开发,33(3):255-261
窦立荣,肖坤叶,胡勇,宋红日,程顶胜,杜业波.2011.乍得Bongor盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式.石油学报,32(3):379-386
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侯连华,王京红,邹才能,张光亚,王志勇,杨春,林潼.2011.火山岩风化体储层控制因素研究---以三塘湖盆地石炭系卡拉岗组为例.地质学报,85(4):557-568
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孟凡超,操应长,崔岩,许涛,刘子超,王艳忠.2016.准噶尔盆地西缘车排子凸起石炭系火山岩储层成因.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),40(5):22-31
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Binks RM and Fairhead JD.1992.A plate tectonic setting for Mesozoic rifts of West and Central Africa.Tectonophysics,213(1-2):141-151
Chen GP,Xu GS,Zhao ZG,Wang HB and Dan WN.2009.Feature of Paleozoic buried-hill reservoir in 3D zone of Saihantala sag of Erlian basin and affected factors.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,44(1):64-69(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cuong TX and Warren JK.2009.Bach Ho field,a fractured granitic basement reservoir,Cuu Long Basin,offshore SE Vietnam:A“buried-hill”play.Journal of Petroleum Geology,32(2):129-156
Deng YH.2015.Formation mechanism and exploration practice of largemedium buried-hill oil fields in Bohai Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,36(3):253-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dewey JF.1989.Kinematics and dynamics of basin inversion.In:Cooper MA and Williams GD(eds.).Inversion Tectonics.Geological Society,London,Special Publication,44(1):352
Dou LR,Pan XH,Tian ZJ,Xiao KY and Zhang ZW.2006.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan:Acomparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(3):255-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dou LR,Xiao KY,Hu Y,Song HR,Cheng DS and Du YB.2011.Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bongor Basin,the Republic of Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(3):379-386(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fairhead JD.1992.The West and Central African rift systems:Foreword.Tectonophysics,213(1-2):139-140
Genik GJ.1993.Petroleum geology of cretaceous-tertiary rift basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic.AAPG Bulletin,77(8):1405-1434
Guiraud R and Maurin JC.1992.Early cretaceous rifts of western and Central Africa:An overview.Tectonophysics,213(1-2):153-168
Guiraud R,Binks RM,Fairhead JD and Wilson M.1992.Chronology and geodynamic setting of Cretaceous-Cenozoic rifting in West and Central Africa.Tectonophysics,213(1-2):227-234
Harris R,Cooper M and Shook I.2002.Structural analysis in eastern Yemen using remote data.World Oil,223(11):52-56
He DF,Cui YQ,Zhang YY,Shan SQ,Xiao Y,Zhang CB,Zhou CAand Gao Y.2017.Structural genetic types of paleo-buried hill in Jizhong depression,Bohai Bay Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,33(4):1338-1356(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou LH,Wang JH,Zou CN,Zhang GY,Wang ZY,Yang C and Lin T.2011.Controlling factors of weathering volcanic reservoir:An example from the Carboniferous Kalagang Formation in Santanghu Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(4):557-568(in Chinese with English abstract)
Koning T.2003.Oil and gas production from basement reservoirs:Examples from Indonesia,USA and Venezuela.In:Petford N and Mc Caffrey KJW(eds.).Hydrocarbons in Crystalline Rocks.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,214(1):83-92
Landes KK,Amoruso JJ,Charlesworth Jr LJ,Heany F and Lesperance PJ.1960.Petroleum resources in basement rocks.AAPG Bulletin,44(10):1682-1691
Li CH,Peng YM,Chu QZ,Huo CL,Zhao CM and Shao XJ.2018.Lithologic characteristics,reservoir space types and influencing factors of Upper Archean buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,30(5):21-28(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu XW,Zhu YF,Su J,Wang K and Zhang BT.2014.The characteristics and the controlling accumulation factors of buried hill reservoir in Hanilcatam,Tarim Basin.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),36(4):37-46(in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo JL,Morad S,Liang ZZ and Zhu YS.2005.Controls on the quality of Archean metamorphic and Jurassic volcanic reservoir rocks from the Xinglongtai buried hill,western depression of Liaohe basin,China.AAPG Bulletin,89(10):1319-1346
Mazzoli S and Helman M.1994.Neogene patterns of relative plate motion for Africa-Europe:Some implications for recent central Mediterranean tectonics.Geologische Rundschau,83(2):464-468
Meng FC,Cao YC,Cui Y,Xu T,Liu ZC and Wang YZ.2016.Genesis of Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs in Chepaizi salient in western margin of Junggar Basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum,40(5):22-31(in Chinese with English abstract)
Powers S and Behre CH.1932.Symposium on occurrence of petroleum in igneous and metamorphic rocks.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,16(8):741-768
Rosenbaum G,Lister GS and Duboz C.2002.Relative motions of Africa,Iberia and Europe during Alpine orogeny.Tectonophysics,359(1-2):117-129
Salah MG and Alsharhan AS.1998.The Precambrian basement:A major reservoir in the rifted basin,Gulf of Suez.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,19(3-4):201-222
Song BR,Hu YJ,Bian SZ,Han HD,Cui XD and Zhang J.2011.Reservoir characteristics of the crystal basement in the Xinglongtai buried-hill,Liaohe Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(1):77-82(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang JC,Dou LR,Xu JG,Wei XD,Wang ZF and Chen HZ.2018.Granitic buried-hill reservoir characterization based on broadband,wide-azimuth and high-density seismic data:A case study of Bangor basin in Chad.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,53(2):320-329(in Chinese with English abstract)
Williams JJ.1972.Augila field,Libya:Depositional environment and diagenesis of sedimentary reservoir and description of igneous reservoir:Case histories.In:King RE(ed.).Stratigraphic Oil and Gas fields-Classification,Exploration Methods,and Case Histories.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir,623-632
Xie WY,Meng WG,Li XG,Cai GG and Shan JF.2012.Basement reservoir in Liaohe Depression.Beijing:Oil Industry Press,146(in Chinese)
Xu CG,Yu HB,Wang J and Liu XJ.2019.Formation conditions and accumulation characteristics of Bozhong 19-6 large condensate gas field in offshore Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,46(1):25-38(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao CL.1996.Formation mechanism of reservoir space and oil possibility of volcanic reservoirs.Geological Review,42(Suppl.1):37-43(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou XH,Xiang H,Yu S,Wang G and Yao CH.2005.Reservoir characteristics and development controlling factors of JZS NeoArchean metamorphic buried hill oil pool in Bohai Sea.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(6):17-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu GY,Zhang SC,Wang HH,Yang HJ,Meng SC,Gu QY,Zhang Band Su J.2009.The formation and distribution of deep weathering crust in North Tarim basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(10):2384-2398(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈广坡,徐国盛,赵志刚,王洪波,淡伟宁.2009.二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷三维区古生界潜山储层特征及其影响因素.石油地球物理勘探,44(1):64-69
邓运华.2015.渤海大中型潜山油气田形成机理与勘探实践.石油学报,36(3):253-261
窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,肖坤叶,张志伟.2006.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布---兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析.石油勘探与开发,33(3):255-261
窦立荣,肖坤叶,胡勇,宋红日,程顶胜,杜业波.2011.乍得Bongor盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式.石油学报,32(3):379-386
何登发,崔永谦,张煜颖,单帅强,肖阳,张传宝,周从安,高园.2017.渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的构造成因类型.岩石学报,33(4):1338-1356
侯连华,王京红,邹才能,张光亚,王志勇,杨春,林潼.2011.火山岩风化体储层控制因素研究---以三塘湖盆地石炭系卡拉岗组为例.地质学报,85(4):557-568
李长宏,彭英明,褚庆忠,霍春亮,赵春明,邵先杰.2018.渤海湾盆地上太古界潜山油藏岩性特征、储集空间类型及影响因素.中国海上油气,30(5):21-28
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