郯庐断裂带大红山段晚第四纪以来的新活动
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摘要
活动断裂的最新活动与地震事件的关系至关紧要。以郯庐断裂带苏皖交界处的泗洪县峰山乡大红山段开挖的探槽为主要研究对象,结合前人工作的对比分析,识别编录晚第四纪以来的变形现象,分析其活动习性。2个探槽剖面均揭示了明显的断层现象,显示断层错断了晚更新世含砾石黏土层,表现为张扭运动形式。结合地层年代样品测试结果,分析认为该断层段所在地区第四纪以来发生过多次地震活动,断层最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期,最近1次地震事件发生在12~2.5ka BP。
The relationship between the latest activity of active fault and seismic events is of the utmost importance. The Tan-lu fault zone in eastern China is a major fault zone,of which the active characteristics of the segments in Jiangsu,Shandong and Anhui has been the focus of research. This study takes the Dahongshan segment of the Tanlu Fault in Sihong County as the main research area.We carried out a detailed geological survey and excavated two trenches across the steep slope on the southwest side of the Dahongshan. Each trench shows fault clearly. Combining the comparative analysis of previous work,we identified and cataloged the late Quaternary deformation events and prehistoric earthquake relics,and analyzed the activity stages and behavior of this segment.Fault gonge observed in the trench profiles shows that multiple earthquake events occurred in the fault. The faulting dislocated the Neogene sandstone,black gravel layer and gray clay layer. Brown clay layer is not broken. According to the relations of dislocated stratums,corresponding14 C and OSL samples were collected and dated. The result indicates that the Dahongshan segment of the Tanlu Fault has experienced strong earthquakes since the late Quaternary. Thrust fault,normal fault and strikeslip fault are found in the trenches. The microscopic analysis of slices from fault shows that there are many stick-creep events taking place in the area during the late Quaternary. Comprehensive analysis shows that there have been many paleoearthquakes in this region since the late Quaternary,the recent active time is the late Pleistocene, and the most recent earthquake event occurred in(12 ~2. 5kaBP).The neotectonic activity is relatively weak in the Anhui segment(south of the Huaihe River)of Tanlu fault zone.There are difficulties in the study of late Quaternary activity.For example,uneven distribution of the Quaternary,complex geological structure,larger man-made transformation of surface and so on.The progressive research may be able to promote the study on the activity of the Anhui segment of Tanlu fault zone.
The relationship between the latest activity of active fault and seismic events is of the utmost importance. The Tan-lu fault zone in eastern China is a major fault zone,of which the active characteristics of the segments in Jiangsu,Shandong and Anhui has been the focus of research. This study takes the Dahongshan segment of the Tanlu Fault in Sihong County as the main research area.We carried out a detailed geological survey and excavated two trenches across the steep slope on the southwest side of the Dahongshan. Each trench shows fault clearly. Combining the comparative analysis of previous work,we identified and cataloged the late Quaternary deformation events and prehistoric earthquake relics,and analyzed the activity stages and behavior of this segment.Fault gonge observed in the trench profiles shows that multiple earthquake events occurred in the fault. The faulting dislocated the Neogene sandstone,black gravel layer and gray clay layer. Brown clay layer is not broken. According to the relations of dislocated stratums,corresponding14 C and OSL samples were collected and dated. The result indicates that the Dahongshan segment of the Tanlu Fault has experienced strong earthquakes since the late Quaternary. Thrust fault,normal fault and strikeslip fault are found in the trenches. The microscopic analysis of slices from fault shows that there are many stick-creep events taking place in the area during the late Quaternary. Comprehensive analysis shows that there have been many paleoearthquakes in this region since the late Quaternary,the recent active time is the late Pleistocene, and the most recent earthquake event occurred in(12 ~2. 5kaBP).The neotectonic activity is relatively weak in the Anhui segment(south of the Huaihe River)of Tanlu fault zone.There are difficulties in the study of late Quaternary activity.For example,uneven distribution of the Quaternary,complex geological structure,larger man-made transformation of surface and so on.The progressive research may be able to promote the study on the activity of the Anhui segment of Tanlu fault zone.
引文
薄万举,杨国华,谢觉民,等.1996.郯庐断裂带地壳活动新特征[J].东北地震研究,12(4):1-10.BO Wan-ju,YANG Guo-hua,XIE Jue-min,et al.1996.New feature of crustal activity of Tanlu fault belt[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,12(4):1-10(in Chinese).
晁洪太,崔昭文,李家灵.1992.鲁中地区NW向断裂及其第四纪晚期的活动特征[J].地震学刊,(2):1-10.CHAO Hong-tai,CUI Zhao-wen,LI Jia-ling.1992.The NW trending faults in middle part of Shandong Province andtheir activities in the late Quaternary[J].Journal of Seismology,(2):1-10(in Chinese).
晁洪太,李家灵,崔昭文,等.1994.郯庐断裂带中段全新世活断层的几何结构与分段[M]∥国家地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(3).北京:地震出版社.CHAO Hong-tai,LI Jia-ling,CUI Zhao-wen,et al.1994.Geometry and segmentation of the Quaternary fault in the middle segment of the Tanlu fault zone[M]∥Institute of Geology,SSB.Research of Active Fault(3).Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
晁洪太,王志才,刘西林.1999.郯庐断裂带下辽河-莱州湾段与潍坊-嘉山段地震构造和地震活动特征对比[J].华北地震科学,17(2):36-41.CHAO Hong-tai,WANG Zhi-cai,LIU Xi-lin.1999.Comparison of seismotectonics and seismicities between the Xialiaohe-Laizhouwan segment and the Weifang-Jiashan segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,17(2):36-41(in Chinese).
程捷,万天丰.1996.郯庐断裂带在新生代的演化[J].地质科技情报,15(3):35-42.CHENG Jie,WAN Tian-feng.1996.On the activity of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during Cenozoic[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,15(3):35-42(in Chinese).
邓起东.2007.中国活动构造图(1︰400万)[CM].北京:地震出版社.DENG Qi-dong.2007.Active Tectonics Map of China(1/400)[CM].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
高维明,郑朗荪.1991.郯庐断裂带的活断层分段与潜在震源区的划分[J].中国地震,7(1):87-91.GAO Wei-ming,ZHENG Lang-sun.1991.Active fault segmentation and the identification of potential seismic zones along the Tanlu Fault[J].Earthquake Research in China,7(1):87-91(in Chinese).
李家灵,晁洪太,崔昭文,等.1991.郯庐断裂带郯城-新沂段活断层研究[M]∥国家地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(1).北京:地震出版社:164-173.LI Jia-ling,CHAO Hong-tai,CUI Zhao-wen,et al.1991.Researches on the active fault of the Tancheng-Xinyi segment of the Tanlu Fault[M]∥Institute of Geology,SSB.Research of Active Fault(1).Seismological Press,Beijing:164-173(in Chinese).
李家灵,晁洪太,崔昭文,等.1994.1668年郯城8级地震断层及其破裂机制[J].地震地质,16(3):229-237.LI Jia-ling,CHAO Hong-tai,CUI Zhao-wen,et al.1994.Seismic fault of the 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8)and its fracture mechanism[J].Seismology and Geology,16(3):229-237(in Chinese).
李起彤.1994.郯庐断裂带江苏段全新世活动新证据[M]∥中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断层研究.北京:地震出版社:140-145.LI Qi-tong.1994.New evidence for the Holocene movement along the Jiangsu segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[M]∥Committee on Seismogeology,Seismological Society of China.Research of Active Faults in China.Seismological Press,Beijing:140-145(in Chinese).
闵伟,焦德成,周本刚,等.2011.依兰-伊通断裂全新世活动的新发现及其意义[J].地震地质,33(1):141-150.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.01.014.MIN Wei,JIAO De-cheng,ZHOU Ben-gang,et al.2011.The significance of discovery on Holocene activity on the Yilan-Yitong Fault in Northeast China[J].Seismology and Geology,33(1):141-150(in Chinese).
施炜,张岳桥,董树文.2003.郯庐断裂带中段第四纪活动及其分段特征[J].地球学报,24(1):11-18.SHI Wei,ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen.2003.Quaternary activity and segmentation behavior of the middle portion of the Tan-Lu fault zone[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,24(1):11-18(in Chinese).
汤有标,姚大全.1990.郯庐断裂带赤山段晚更新世以来的活动性[J].中国地震,6(2):63-69.TANG You-biao,YAO Da-quan.1990.Activity of the Chishan segment in the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone,since the upper Pleistocene[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(2):63-69(in Chinese).
谢瑞征,丁政,李端璐.1990.江苏宿迁发现古地震遗迹[J].地震地质,12(4):378-379.XIE Rui-zheng,DING Zheng,LI Duan-lu.1990.Discovery of paleo-earthquake traces in Suqian area,Jiangsu Province[J].Seismology and Geology,12(4):378-379(in Chinese).
谢瑞征,丁政,朱书俊,等.1991.郯庐断裂带江苏及邻区第四纪活动特征[J].地震学刊,(4):1-7.XIE Rui-zheng,DING Zheng,ZHU Shu-jun,et al.1991.Active characteristics in the Jiangsu segment of the Tanlu fault zone and its vicinity[J].Journal of Seismology,(4):1-7(in Chinese).
徐嘉炜,马国锋.1992.郯庐断裂带研究的十年回顾[J].地质论评,38(4):316-324.XU Jia-wei,MA Guo-feng.1992.Review of ten years(1981-1991)of research on the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Geological Review,38(4):3l6-324(in Chinese).
徐嘉炜,朱光.1995.中国东部郯庐断裂带构造模式讨论[J].华北地质矿产杂志,10(2):121-134.XU Jia-wei.ZHU Guang.1995.Discussion on tectonic models for the Tan-Lu fault zone,eastern China[J].Journal of Geology&Mineral Resources of North China,10(2):121-134(in Chinese).
姚大全,沈小七,郑海刚,等.2014.郯庐断裂带苏皖交界段活动特征对比分析[J].地球物理学进展,29(6):2587-2591.YAO Da-quan,SHEN Xiao-qi,ZHENG Hai-gang,et al.2014.Comparative analysis of activity characteristics in junction segment of Jiangsu-Anhui Province in Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Progress in Geophysics,29(6):2587-2591(in Chinese).
姚大全,汤有标,沈小七,等.2012.郯庐断裂带赤山段中晚更新世之交的史前地震遗迹[J].地震地质,34(1):93-99.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.009.YAO Da-quan,TANG You-biao,SHEN Xiao-qi,et al.2012.Prehistoric earthquakes in Chishan segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during mid-late Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,34(1):93-99(in Chinese).
翟炳松,侍继成,杨一冲.1992.郯庐断裂带泗洪段全新世活动性初步研究[J].地震,(5):61-64,71.ZHAI Bing-song,SHI Ji-cheng,YANG Yi-chong.1992.Preliminary research on recent activity along Sihong segment of Tanlu fault zone[J].Earthquake,(5):61-64,71(in Chinese).
张鹏,李丽梅,张景发,等.2011.郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景探讨[J].防灾减灾工程学报,31(4):389-396.ZHANG Peng,LI Li-mei,ZHANG Jing-fa,et al.2011.A discuss of the characteristics of activities in Quaternary for the Jiangsu segment of Tan-Lu fault zone and its geodynamic setting[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,31(4):389-396(in Chinese).
朱光,宋传中,牛漫兰,等.2002.郯庐断裂带的岩石圈结构及其成因分析[J].高校地质学报,8(3):248-256.ZHU Guang,SONG Chuan-zhong,NIU Man-lan,et al.2002.Lithospheric textures of the Tan-Lu fault zone and their genetic analysis[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,8(3):248-256(in Chinese).
(1)北京中震创业科技研究院,2012,江苏盱眙核电项目可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
(1)北京中震创业科技研究院,2012,江苏盱眙核电项目可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
晁洪太,崔昭文,李家灵.1992.鲁中地区NW向断裂及其第四纪晚期的活动特征[J].地震学刊,(2):1-10.CHAO Hong-tai,CUI Zhao-wen,LI Jia-ling.1992.The NW trending faults in middle part of Shandong Province andtheir activities in the late Quaternary[J].Journal of Seismology,(2):1-10(in Chinese).
晁洪太,李家灵,崔昭文,等.1994.郯庐断裂带中段全新世活断层的几何结构与分段[M]∥国家地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(3).北京:地震出版社.CHAO Hong-tai,LI Jia-ling,CUI Zhao-wen,et al.1994.Geometry and segmentation of the Quaternary fault in the middle segment of the Tanlu fault zone[M]∥Institute of Geology,SSB.Research of Active Fault(3).Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
晁洪太,王志才,刘西林.1999.郯庐断裂带下辽河-莱州湾段与潍坊-嘉山段地震构造和地震活动特征对比[J].华北地震科学,17(2):36-41.CHAO Hong-tai,WANG Zhi-cai,LIU Xi-lin.1999.Comparison of seismotectonics and seismicities between the Xialiaohe-Laizhouwan segment and the Weifang-Jiashan segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,17(2):36-41(in Chinese).
程捷,万天丰.1996.郯庐断裂带在新生代的演化[J].地质科技情报,15(3):35-42.CHENG Jie,WAN Tian-feng.1996.On the activity of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during Cenozoic[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,15(3):35-42(in Chinese).
邓起东.2007.中国活动构造图(1︰400万)[CM].北京:地震出版社.DENG Qi-dong.2007.Active Tectonics Map of China(1/400)[CM].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
高维明,郑朗荪.1991.郯庐断裂带的活断层分段与潜在震源区的划分[J].中国地震,7(1):87-91.GAO Wei-ming,ZHENG Lang-sun.1991.Active fault segmentation and the identification of potential seismic zones along the Tanlu Fault[J].Earthquake Research in China,7(1):87-91(in Chinese).
李家灵,晁洪太,崔昭文,等.1991.郯庐断裂带郯城-新沂段活断层研究[M]∥国家地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(1).北京:地震出版社:164-173.LI Jia-ling,CHAO Hong-tai,CUI Zhao-wen,et al.1991.Researches on the active fault of the Tancheng-Xinyi segment of the Tanlu Fault[M]∥Institute of Geology,SSB.Research of Active Fault(1).Seismological Press,Beijing:164-173(in Chinese).
李家灵,晁洪太,崔昭文,等.1994.1668年郯城8级地震断层及其破裂机制[J].地震地质,16(3):229-237.LI Jia-ling,CHAO Hong-tai,CUI Zhao-wen,et al.1994.Seismic fault of the 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8)and its fracture mechanism[J].Seismology and Geology,16(3):229-237(in Chinese).
李起彤.1994.郯庐断裂带江苏段全新世活动新证据[M]∥中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断层研究.北京:地震出版社:140-145.LI Qi-tong.1994.New evidence for the Holocene movement along the Jiangsu segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[M]∥Committee on Seismogeology,Seismological Society of China.Research of Active Faults in China.Seismological Press,Beijing:140-145(in Chinese).
闵伟,焦德成,周本刚,等.2011.依兰-伊通断裂全新世活动的新发现及其意义[J].地震地质,33(1):141-150.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.01.014.MIN Wei,JIAO De-cheng,ZHOU Ben-gang,et al.2011.The significance of discovery on Holocene activity on the Yilan-Yitong Fault in Northeast China[J].Seismology and Geology,33(1):141-150(in Chinese).
施炜,张岳桥,董树文.2003.郯庐断裂带中段第四纪活动及其分段特征[J].地球学报,24(1):11-18.SHI Wei,ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen.2003.Quaternary activity and segmentation behavior of the middle portion of the Tan-Lu fault zone[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,24(1):11-18(in Chinese).
汤有标,姚大全.1990.郯庐断裂带赤山段晚更新世以来的活动性[J].中国地震,6(2):63-69.TANG You-biao,YAO Da-quan.1990.Activity of the Chishan segment in the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone,since the upper Pleistocene[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(2):63-69(in Chinese).
谢瑞征,丁政,李端璐.1990.江苏宿迁发现古地震遗迹[J].地震地质,12(4):378-379.XIE Rui-zheng,DING Zheng,LI Duan-lu.1990.Discovery of paleo-earthquake traces in Suqian area,Jiangsu Province[J].Seismology and Geology,12(4):378-379(in Chinese).
谢瑞征,丁政,朱书俊,等.1991.郯庐断裂带江苏及邻区第四纪活动特征[J].地震学刊,(4):1-7.XIE Rui-zheng,DING Zheng,ZHU Shu-jun,et al.1991.Active characteristics in the Jiangsu segment of the Tanlu fault zone and its vicinity[J].Journal of Seismology,(4):1-7(in Chinese).
徐嘉炜,马国锋.1992.郯庐断裂带研究的十年回顾[J].地质论评,38(4):316-324.XU Jia-wei,MA Guo-feng.1992.Review of ten years(1981-1991)of research on the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Geological Review,38(4):3l6-324(in Chinese).
徐嘉炜,朱光.1995.中国东部郯庐断裂带构造模式讨论[J].华北地质矿产杂志,10(2):121-134.XU Jia-wei.ZHU Guang.1995.Discussion on tectonic models for the Tan-Lu fault zone,eastern China[J].Journal of Geology&Mineral Resources of North China,10(2):121-134(in Chinese).
姚大全,沈小七,郑海刚,等.2014.郯庐断裂带苏皖交界段活动特征对比分析[J].地球物理学进展,29(6):2587-2591.YAO Da-quan,SHEN Xiao-qi,ZHENG Hai-gang,et al.2014.Comparative analysis of activity characteristics in junction segment of Jiangsu-Anhui Province in Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Progress in Geophysics,29(6):2587-2591(in Chinese).
姚大全,汤有标,沈小七,等.2012.郯庐断裂带赤山段中晚更新世之交的史前地震遗迹[J].地震地质,34(1):93-99.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.009.YAO Da-quan,TANG You-biao,SHEN Xiao-qi,et al.2012.Prehistoric earthquakes in Chishan segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during mid-late Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,34(1):93-99(in Chinese).
翟炳松,侍继成,杨一冲.1992.郯庐断裂带泗洪段全新世活动性初步研究[J].地震,(5):61-64,71.ZHAI Bing-song,SHI Ji-cheng,YANG Yi-chong.1992.Preliminary research on recent activity along Sihong segment of Tanlu fault zone[J].Earthquake,(5):61-64,71(in Chinese).
张鹏,李丽梅,张景发,等.2011.郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景探讨[J].防灾减灾工程学报,31(4):389-396.ZHANG Peng,LI Li-mei,ZHANG Jing-fa,et al.2011.A discuss of the characteristics of activities in Quaternary for the Jiangsu segment of Tan-Lu fault zone and its geodynamic setting[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,31(4):389-396(in Chinese).
朱光,宋传中,牛漫兰,等.2002.郯庐断裂带的岩石圈结构及其成因分析[J].高校地质学报,8(3):248-256.ZHU Guang,SONG Chuan-zhong,NIU Man-lan,et al.2002.Lithospheric textures of the Tan-Lu fault zone and their genetic analysis[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,8(3):248-256(in Chinese).
(1)北京中震创业科技研究院,2012,江苏盱眙核电项目可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
(1)北京中震创业科技研究院,2012,江苏盱眙核电项目可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。