分布式可再生能源发电集群并网消纳关键技术及工程实践
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摘要
随着分布式可再生能源发电研究的不断深入和国内一系列利好政策的鼓励,我国分布式发电正呈现出区域化和园区化的快速发展态势,大规模、集群化分布式发电并网将是未来的重点发展方向。分布式可再生能源发电集群由于其稳定、高效、灵活、友好的并网特性,将逐渐成为电力生产和可再生能源消纳的新模式。首先介绍分布式发电集群的基本概念和特点,并与被广泛了解的微电网概念进行对比,随后从并网规划、装备研发、运行控制、仿真测试等方面介绍集群并网消纳的关键技术和项目成果,最后介绍分布式发电集群的工程实践成果,并给出结论和前景展望。
With the development of distributed renewable generation research and the incentive by a series of good policies,distributed generation is taking on a localized and favorable developing situation in China. Large-scale and clustering distributed generation integration will be an important development direction in the future. Due to its stable, efficient,flexible and friendly integration characteristics, distributed renewable clusters are becoming a new pattern of power production and renewable energy utilization. This paper first gave the basic concept and features of clusters and compared them with a well-known concept—microgrid. Then, key techniques of clusters and project results were presented, which included integration planning, equipment manufacture, operation control and simulation test techniques. Finally, engineering practice and conclusion accompanied by a prospect outlook was given.
With the development of distributed renewable generation research and the incentive by a series of good policies,distributed generation is taking on a localized and favorable developing situation in China. Large-scale and clustering distributed generation integration will be an important development direction in the future. Due to its stable, efficient,flexible and friendly integration characteristics, distributed renewable clusters are becoming a new pattern of power production and renewable energy utilization. This paper first gave the basic concept and features of clusters and compared them with a well-known concept—microgrid. Then, key techniques of clusters and project results were presented, which included integration planning, equipment manufacture, operation control and simulation test techniques. Finally, engineering practice and conclusion accompanied by a prospect outlook was given.
引文
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[31]Sheng W,Liu K,Liu Y,et al.Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation based on an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(2):569-578.
[32]Atwa Y M,El-Saadany E F,Salama M M A,et al.Optimal renewable resources mix for distribution system energy loss minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):360-370.
[33]Guo L,Liu W,Jiao B,et al.Multi-objective stochastic optimal planning method for stand-alone microgrid system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(7):1263-1273.
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[35]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
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[37]Guerrero J M,Chandorkar M,Lee T L,et al.Advanced control architectures for intelligent microgrids-part I:decentralized and hierarchical control[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1254-1262.
[38]Keane A,Ochoa L F,Borges C L T,et al.State-of-the-art techniques and challenges ahead for distributed generation planning and optimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1493-1502.
[39]Zheng W,Wu W,Zhang B.A fully distributed reactive power optimization and control method for active distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(2):1021-1033.
[40]Wang Z,Wu W,Zhang B.A fully distributed power dispatch method for fast frequency recovery and minimal generation cost in autonomous microgrids[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):19-31.
[41]刘一兵,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于混合整数二阶锥规划的主动配电网有功-无功协调多时段优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2575-2583.Liu Yibing,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.A mixed integer second-order cone programming based active and reactive power coordinated multi-period optimization for active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2575-2583(in Chinese).
[42]吴文传,张伯明,巨云涛,等.配电网高级应用软件及其实用化关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):212-219.Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,Ju Yuntao,et al.Distribution network advanced application software and its key techniques[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):212-219(in Chinese).
[43]Dugan R C,Mc Dermott T E.An open source platform for collaborating on smart grid research[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Detroit,USA:2011:1-7.
[44]王芳,顾伟,袁晓冬,等.面向智能电网的新一代电能质量管理平台[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(7):134-139.Wang Fang,Gu Wei,Yuan Xiaodong,et al.Power quality management platform for smart grid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2012,32(7):134-139(in Chinese).
[45]董玉峰,王万录,韩大星.美国光伏发电与百万屋顶计划[J].太阳能,1999,20(1):29.Dong Yufeng,Wang Wanlu,Han Daxing.American million roof plan of photovoltaic generation[J].Solar Energy,1999,20(1):29(in Chinese).
[46]Funabashi T,Yokoyama R.Microgrid field test experiences in Japan[C]//IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,Montreal,CAN,2006:1-2.
[47]谢晓惟,梁秀红,梁勃.德国光伏发电综述[J].太阳能,2015,36(2):6-10.Xie Xiaowei,Liang Xiuhong,Liang Bo.Overview of photovoltaic generation in Germany[J].Solar Energy,2015,36(2):6-10(in Chinese).
[48]饶建业,徐小东,何肇,等.中外风电并网技术规定对比[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):44-49.Rao Jianye,Xu Xiaodong,He Zhao,et al.Comparison on technical regulations of china and other countries for grid-connection of wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):44-49(in Chinese).
[49]程路,白建华,贾德香,等.国外风电并网特点及对我国的启示[J].中外能源,2011,16(6):30-34.Cheng Lu,Bai Jianhua,Jia Dexiang,et al.Characteristics of wind power integration in foreign countries and lessons for china[J].Sino-Global Energy,2011,16(6):30-34(in Chinese).
[50]郑海,杜伟安,李阳春,等.国内外海上风电发展现状[J].水电与新能源,2018,32(6):75-77.Zheng Hai,Du Weian,Li Yangchun,et al.Current situation of the offshore wind power development all over the world[J].Hydropower and New Energy,2018,32(6):75-77(in Chinese).
[51]朱思雄,叶琦,孙振.安徽金寨:贫困户的“阳光收入”[N].人民日报,2016-06-22(3).
[2]Putton H B,Macgregor P R,Lanbert F C.Distributed generation:semantic hype or the dawn of a new era[J].IEEE Power and Energy Magzine,2003,1(1):22-29.
[3]Electric Power Research Institute.Distributed energy resources:current landscape and a roadmap[R].CA,USA:EPRI,2004.
[4]Electric Power Research Institute.Renewable energy technical assessment guide-TAG-RE[R].CA,USA:EPRI,2005.
[5]International Renewable Energy Development.Integration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation into the European electricity grid[EB/OL].IRED:2001[2016-08-02].http://ired-cluster.org.
[6]IEEE Std 1547-2003.IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems[S].USA:IEEE,2003.
[7]王成山,王守相.分布式发电供能系统若干问题研究[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(20):1-4.Wang Chengshan,Wang Shouxiang.Study on some key problems related to distributed generation systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(20):1-4(in Chinese).
[8]International Council on Large Electric Systems.Definitions for distributed generation:a revision[R].FRA:CIGRE,2007.
[9]World Alliance of Decentralized Energy.World survey of decentralized energy[R].US:WADE,2006.
[10]European Commission.Towards smart power networks:lessons from European research FP5 projects[R].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,2005.
[11]Mcdermott T E,Samaan N.Distribution system design for strategic use of distributed generation[R].CA,USA:EPRI,2005.
[12]中华人民共和国国务院.国务院关于促进光伏产业健康发展的若干意见[EB/OL].北京:国务院,2013[2016-08-01].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk.
[13]国家能源局.分布式光伏发电示范区工作方案[EB/OL].北京:国家能源局,2013[2016-08-01].http://www.nea.gov.cn.
[14]国家发改委.关于发挥价格杠杆作用促进光伏产业健康发展的通知[EB/OL].北京:国家发改委,2013[2016-08-01].http://www.sdpc.gov.cn.
[15]国家能源局,国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.关于印发实施光伏扶贫工程工作方案的通知[EB/OL].北京:国家能源局,2014[2016-08-01].http://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn.
[16]国家电网公司.关于做好分布式电源并网服务工作的意见[EB/OL].北京:国家电网公司,2013[2016-08-01].http://www.sgcc.com.cn/ztzl.
[17]博伦M H J,哈桑F.分布式发电接入电力系统[M].王政,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2015:2-4.
[18]Bader D,Robert P.Cluster computing:Applications[J].The International Journal of High Performance Computing,2001,15(2):181-185.
[19]Maryam B,Mostafa N,Rachid C,et al.Network clustering for voltage control in active distribution network including energy storage systems[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference,Washington,USA:2015.
[20]Ortjohann E,Holtschulte D,Kortenbruck J,et al.Realization of multi-level cluster control approach based on smart grid inverter[C]//Advances in Environmental Technology and Biotechnology.Brasov,Romania:Springer,2014:15-20.
[21]张跃.基于分布式发电与微网的一种新型电力集群网络技术研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2010.Zhang yue.Research on a novel electric cluster oriented network based on distributed generation and microgrid[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science&Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[22]Ilic M D,Shell L.Hierarchical power systems control:its value in a changing industry[M].London,UK:Springer,1996,3-5.
[23]Lasseter R H.Microgrid[C]//Proceedings of 2001 IEEEPower Engineering Society Winter Meeting,Columbus,USA:2001.
[24]Lasseter R H.Microgrid[C]//Proceedings of 2002 IEEEPower Engineering Society Winter Meeting,New York,USA:2002.
[25]Hatziargyriou N,Asano H,Irvani R,et al.Microgrids[J].IEEE Power&Energy Magzine,2007,5(4):78-94.
[26]Lasseter R H.Smart distribution:coupled microgrids[J].Proceedings of IEEE,2011,99(6):1074-1082.
[27]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇,等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(19):100-107.Lu Zongxiang,Wang Caixia,Min Yong,et al.Overview on microgrid research[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(19):100-107(in Chinese).
[28]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,LüZhipeng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(in Chinese).
[29]马斯特斯G M.高效可再生分布式发电系统[M].王宾,董新洲,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2009:6-9.
[30]国家能源局.关于推进分布式光伏发电应用示范区建设的通知[EB/OL].北京:国家能源局,2014[2016-08-01].http://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn.
[31]Sheng W,Liu K,Liu Y,et al.Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation based on an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(2):569-578.
[32]Atwa Y M,El-Saadany E F,Salama M M A,et al.Optimal renewable resources mix for distribution system energy loss minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):360-370.
[33]Guo L,Liu W,Jiao B,et al.Multi-objective stochastic optimal planning method for stand-alone microgrid system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(7):1263-1273.
[34]Tang X,Hu X,Li N,et al.A novel frequency and voltage control method for islanded microgrid based on multienergy storages[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):410-419.
[35]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[36]张学广,王瑞,刘鑫龙,等.改进的主动频率偏移孤岛检测算法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(14):200-204.Zhang Xueguang,Wang Rui,Liu Xinlong,et al.Improved active frequency drift anti-islanding algorithm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(14):200-204(in Chinese).
[37]Guerrero J M,Chandorkar M,Lee T L,et al.Advanced control architectures for intelligent microgrids-part I:decentralized and hierarchical control[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1254-1262.
[38]Keane A,Ochoa L F,Borges C L T,et al.State-of-the-art techniques and challenges ahead for distributed generation planning and optimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1493-1502.
[39]Zheng W,Wu W,Zhang B.A fully distributed reactive power optimization and control method for active distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(2):1021-1033.
[40]Wang Z,Wu W,Zhang B.A fully distributed power dispatch method for fast frequency recovery and minimal generation cost in autonomous microgrids[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):19-31.
[41]刘一兵,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于混合整数二阶锥规划的主动配电网有功-无功协调多时段优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2575-2583.Liu Yibing,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.A mixed integer second-order cone programming based active and reactive power coordinated multi-period optimization for active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2575-2583(in Chinese).
[42]吴文传,张伯明,巨云涛,等.配电网高级应用软件及其实用化关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):212-219.Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,Ju Yuntao,et al.Distribution network advanced application software and its key techniques[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):212-219(in Chinese).
[43]Dugan R C,Mc Dermott T E.An open source platform for collaborating on smart grid research[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Detroit,USA:2011:1-7.
[44]王芳,顾伟,袁晓冬,等.面向智能电网的新一代电能质量管理平台[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(7):134-139.Wang Fang,Gu Wei,Yuan Xiaodong,et al.Power quality management platform for smart grid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2012,32(7):134-139(in Chinese).
[45]董玉峰,王万录,韩大星.美国光伏发电与百万屋顶计划[J].太阳能,1999,20(1):29.Dong Yufeng,Wang Wanlu,Han Daxing.American million roof plan of photovoltaic generation[J].Solar Energy,1999,20(1):29(in Chinese).
[46]Funabashi T,Yokoyama R.Microgrid field test experiences in Japan[C]//IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,Montreal,CAN,2006:1-2.
[47]谢晓惟,梁秀红,梁勃.德国光伏发电综述[J].太阳能,2015,36(2):6-10.Xie Xiaowei,Liang Xiuhong,Liang Bo.Overview of photovoltaic generation in Germany[J].Solar Energy,2015,36(2):6-10(in Chinese).
[48]饶建业,徐小东,何肇,等.中外风电并网技术规定对比[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):44-49.Rao Jianye,Xu Xiaodong,He Zhao,et al.Comparison on technical regulations of china and other countries for grid-connection of wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):44-49(in Chinese).
[49]程路,白建华,贾德香,等.国外风电并网特点及对我国的启示[J].中外能源,2011,16(6):30-34.Cheng Lu,Bai Jianhua,Jia Dexiang,et al.Characteristics of wind power integration in foreign countries and lessons for china[J].Sino-Global Energy,2011,16(6):30-34(in Chinese).
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