西方文论关键词 漩涡主义
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摘要
由刘易斯和庞德等人合力推动的漩涡主义是1910年代唯一发端于英国本土的先锋派文艺运动,该运动及其喉舌刊物《轰炸》以其激进思想和不拘一格将被永远载入现代主义史册。以刘易斯、庞德为首的漩涡主义艺术家们追求艺术自主创新的精神一直为后人所敬佩和追随;他们提出的漩涡主义理念并藉此创作出的漩涡主义文艺作品成为现代主义运动中不可多得的文化财富。新世纪以来,漩涡主义视觉艺术作品展不断启幕,庞德、刘易斯等漩涡主义文学作品研究不断深入,漩涡主义在百年之后大有获得新生之势。
Vorticism, collaboratively promoted by Wyndham Lewis, Ezra Pound and others, is the only avant-garde arts and literary movement originated in England in the 1910 s, and will be remembered, together with its official mouthpiece Blast, for its radicalism and eclecticism in the history of Modernism forever. Led by Lewis and Pound, the Vorticists' pursuit of artistic innovation and independence has been greatly admired and followed by later generations; and their Vorticist concepts and Vorticist works(both visual and literary) have become exceptional treasures of the Modernist Movement. With the advent of the new century, there have been quite a few Vorticist Arts Exhibitions as well as deepening explorations into the Vorticist literary works of Pound and Lewis, which betokens a renaissance for Vorticism after its centenary.
Vorticism, collaboratively promoted by Wyndham Lewis, Ezra Pound and others, is the only avant-garde arts and literary movement originated in England in the 1910 s, and will be remembered, together with its official mouthpiece Blast, for its radicalism and eclecticism in the history of Modernism forever. Led by Lewis and Pound, the Vorticists' pursuit of artistic innovation and independence has been greatly admired and followed by later generations; and their Vorticist concepts and Vorticist works(both visual and literary) have become exceptional treasures of the Modernist Movement. With the advent of the new century, there have been quite a few Vorticist Arts Exhibitions as well as deepening explorations into the Vorticist literary works of Pound and Lewis, which betokens a renaissance for Vorticism after its centenary.
引文
Aldington,Richard.“Blast.”The Egoist 1.14(1914):272-73.
Anonymous.“Vorticism the Latest Cult of Rebel Artists.”New York Times 9 Aug.1914:10.
Betts,Gregory,et al.,eds.Counterblasting Canada:Marshall Mc Luhan,Wyndham Lewis,Wilfred Watson,and Sheila Watson.Edmonton:U of Alberta P,2016.
Bracewell,Michael.England Is Mine:Pop life from Wilde to Goldie.London:Harper Collins,1997.
Cork,Richard.Vorticism and Abstract Art in the First Machine Age.2 vols.Berkeley:U of California P,1976.
Dasenbrock,Reed Way.The Literary Vorticism of Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis:Towards the Condition of Painting.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins UP,1985.
Edwards,Paul.Afterword.Time and Western Man.By Wyndham Lewis.Ed.Paul Edwards.Santa Rosa:Black Sparrow,1993.455-508.
-.“Blast and the Revolutionary Mood of Wyndham Lewis’s Vorticism.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.199-219.
-.Wyndham Lewis:Painter and Writer.New Haven:Yale UP,2000.
Emerson,Lori.“A Hyperspace Poetics,or,Words in Space Digital Poetry through Ezra Pound’s Vorticism.”Configurations 17.1(2009):161-92.
Ferrall,Charles.“‘Melodramas of Modernity:’The Interaction of Vorticism and Futurism before the Great War.”University of Toronto Quarterly 63.2(1993/4):347-68.
Greene,Vivien.“John Quinn and Vorticist Art:The Eye(and Purse)of an American Collector.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.175-95.
Jameson,Fredric.“Wyndham Lewis as Futurist.”Hudson Review 26.2(1973):295-329.
-.“Wyndham Lewis’s Timon:The War of Forms.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.15-30.
Kenner,Hugh.The Pound Era.London:Faber,1975.
Lewis,Wyndham.“The 1956 Retrospective at the Tate Gallery.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings1913-1956.Ed.Walter Michel and C.J.Fox.New York:Funk,1969.451-53.
-.“A Review of Contemporary Art.”Blast 2(1915):38-47.
-.Blasting and Bombardiering:An Autobiography(1914-1926).London:John Calder,1982.
-.“Futurism.”Egoist 1.12(1914):239.
-.The Letters of Wyndham Lewis.Ed.W.K.Rose.Norfolk:New Directions,1963.
-.“Long Live the Vortex!”Blast 1(1914):7-8.
-.“Manifesto II.”Blast 1(1914):30-43.
-.“Our Vortex.”Blast 1(1914):147-49.
-.“Room III.The Cubist Room.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings 1913-1956.56-57.
-.“The Vorticists.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings 1913-1956.454-58.
-.“Vorticist Exhibition.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings 1913-1956.96-98.
Loss,Archie.“Vile Bodies,Vorticism,and Italian Futurism.”Journal of Modern Literature 18.1(1992):155-64.
Macedo,Ana Gabriela Vilela Pereira de.Wyndham Lewis’s Literary Work 1908-1928;Vorticism,Futurism and the Poetics of the Avant-Garde.Diss.U of Sussex,1989.
Mao,Douglas.“Blasting and Disappearing.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.235-55.
Marinetti,F.T.,and Christopher Nevinson.“Futurism and English Art.”Futurism:An Anthology.Ed.Lawrence Rainey et al.New Haven:Yale UP,2009.
Materer,Timothy.Vortex:Pound,Eliot,and Lewis.Ithaca:Cornell UP,1979.
McCartney,George.“Satire between the Wars:Evelyn Waugh and Others.”The Columbia History of the British Novel.Ed.John Richetti.Beijing:FLTRP,2005.867-94.
McLuhan,Eric.“The Source of the Term‘Global Village.’”Mc Luhan Studies 2.Web.20 Oct.2016.
Munton,Alan.“Lewis and Cultural Criticism.”Wyndham Lewis:A Critical Guide.Ed.Andrzej Gasiorek and Nathan Waddell.Edinburgh:Edinburgh UP,2015.64-81.
-.“Vorticism.”A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture.Ed.David Bradshaw and Kevin J.H.Dettmar.Oxford:Blackwell,2006.176-82.
Peppis,Paul.Literature,Politics,and the English Avant-Garde:Nation and Empire,1901-1918.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2000.
Pound,Ezra.“Advertisement:Blast.”Egoist 1.7(1914):140.
-.“Advertisement:Blast.”Egoist 1.8(1914):160.
-.“Affirmations II Vorticism.”New Age 16.11(1915):277-78.
-.“Edward Wadsworth,Vorticist.”Egoist 1.16(1914):306-07.
-.Gaudier-Brzeska:A Memoir.New York:New Directions,1970.
-.“Gaudier-Brzeska.”New Age 16.14(1915):380-82.
-.“The Death of Vorticism.”Little Review 5.10-11(1919):45-51.
-.“Vortex.”Blast 1(1914):153-54.
-.“Vorticism.”Fortnightly Review 96.573(1914):461-71.Web.8 May 2017.
Scobie,Stephen.“Sheila Watson.”Canadian Encyclopedia.Web.18 January 2018.
Townsend,Christopher.“Into the Vortex:Christopher Townsend on the Virtues of Misanthropy.”Art Monthly347(2011):7-10.
Wees,William C.Vorticism and the English Avant-Garde.Toronto:U of Toronto P,1972.
周汶:《温德姆·刘易斯的“敌人”形象及其文化意义》,载《外国文学》2016年第1期,第28-36页。[Zhou,Wen.“Wyndham Lewis’s‘Enemy’Persona and Its Cultural Significance.”Foreign Literature 1(2016):28-36.]
(1)对于刘易斯此说法,评论家曼顿(Alan Munton)解释称:显然刘易斯这里并非指漩涡主义的绘画、雕塑和文学作品,而是指出版《轰炸》过程中所做的编辑、推广工作(“Lewis and Cultural Criticism”69)。文中来自刘易斯作品中的所有引文都已获得刘易斯纪念基金会(The Wyndham Lewis Memorial Trust)的授权。
(2)罗伯茨显然把时间记错了,这次聚会应该是1916年春。下文将提及。
(1) Blast这一杂志名由反叛画家之一、后来追随马里奈蒂的内文森于1913年11月提供(Munton,“Vorticism”176)。
(2)尽管《轰炸》杂志内封面上标明的出版日期是1914年6月20日,但由于接受报刊审查时庞德发表的诗歌有三行需要删除,所以该杂志正式面世延迟至7月2日(Macedo 152)。
(1)普洛丁(Plotinus,204-270)是古罗马时期的希腊唯心主义哲学家、新柏拉图主义创始人。庞德的诗句为:As one that would draw through the node of things,/Back-sweeping to the vortex of the cone…/I was an atom on creation’s throne(Materer 15-16)。
(2)为推广即将面世的《轰炸》杂志,庞德曾于1914年4月1日和4月15日在《自我主义者》杂志上连续做了两期整页广告,但广告词只提到要“探讨立体主义、未来主义、意象主义以及所有具有活力的现代艺术形式”,而只字未提“漩涡主义”。
(1)埃瑞克·麦克卢汉在同一篇文章里也指出,另一个可能的肇始源是乔伊斯的小说《芬尼根的守灵夜》,也可能是两者共同影响的结果。
(2) John Bull又译约翰牛,这一人物形象来自英国作家阿布斯诺特(Dr.John Arbuthnot)写的《约翰·布尔传》(The History of John Bull,1712),后成为典型英国人的代称,如同“山姆大叔”之于美国人。
Anonymous.“Vorticism the Latest Cult of Rebel Artists.”New York Times 9 Aug.1914:10.
Betts,Gregory,et al.,eds.Counterblasting Canada:Marshall Mc Luhan,Wyndham Lewis,Wilfred Watson,and Sheila Watson.Edmonton:U of Alberta P,2016.
Bracewell,Michael.England Is Mine:Pop life from Wilde to Goldie.London:Harper Collins,1997.
Cork,Richard.Vorticism and Abstract Art in the First Machine Age.2 vols.Berkeley:U of California P,1976.
Dasenbrock,Reed Way.The Literary Vorticism of Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis:Towards the Condition of Painting.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins UP,1985.
Edwards,Paul.Afterword.Time and Western Man.By Wyndham Lewis.Ed.Paul Edwards.Santa Rosa:Black Sparrow,1993.455-508.
-.“Blast and the Revolutionary Mood of Wyndham Lewis’s Vorticism.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.199-219.
-.Wyndham Lewis:Painter and Writer.New Haven:Yale UP,2000.
Emerson,Lori.“A Hyperspace Poetics,or,Words in Space Digital Poetry through Ezra Pound’s Vorticism.”Configurations 17.1(2009):161-92.
Ferrall,Charles.“‘Melodramas of Modernity:’The Interaction of Vorticism and Futurism before the Great War.”University of Toronto Quarterly 63.2(1993/4):347-68.
Greene,Vivien.“John Quinn and Vorticist Art:The Eye(and Purse)of an American Collector.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.175-95.
Jameson,Fredric.“Wyndham Lewis as Futurist.”Hudson Review 26.2(1973):295-329.
-.“Wyndham Lewis’s Timon:The War of Forms.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.15-30.
Kenner,Hugh.The Pound Era.London:Faber,1975.
Lewis,Wyndham.“The 1956 Retrospective at the Tate Gallery.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings1913-1956.Ed.Walter Michel and C.J.Fox.New York:Funk,1969.451-53.
-.“A Review of Contemporary Art.”Blast 2(1915):38-47.
-.Blasting and Bombardiering:An Autobiography(1914-1926).London:John Calder,1982.
-.“Futurism.”Egoist 1.12(1914):239.
-.The Letters of Wyndham Lewis.Ed.W.K.Rose.Norfolk:New Directions,1963.
-.“Long Live the Vortex!”Blast 1(1914):7-8.
-.“Manifesto II.”Blast 1(1914):30-43.
-.“Our Vortex.”Blast 1(1914):147-49.
-.“Room III.The Cubist Room.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings 1913-1956.56-57.
-.“The Vorticists.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings 1913-1956.454-58.
-.“Vorticist Exhibition.”Wyndham Lewis on Art:Collected Writings 1913-1956.96-98.
Loss,Archie.“Vile Bodies,Vorticism,and Italian Futurism.”Journal of Modern Literature 18.1(1992):155-64.
Macedo,Ana Gabriela Vilela Pereira de.Wyndham Lewis’s Literary Work 1908-1928;Vorticism,Futurism and the Poetics of the Avant-Garde.Diss.U of Sussex,1989.
Mao,Douglas.“Blasting and Disappearing.”Vorticism:New Perspectives.Ed.Mark Antliff and Scott W.Klein.Oxford:Oxford UP,2013.235-55.
Marinetti,F.T.,and Christopher Nevinson.“Futurism and English Art.”Futurism:An Anthology.Ed.Lawrence Rainey et al.New Haven:Yale UP,2009.
Materer,Timothy.Vortex:Pound,Eliot,and Lewis.Ithaca:Cornell UP,1979.
McCartney,George.“Satire between the Wars:Evelyn Waugh and Others.”The Columbia History of the British Novel.Ed.John Richetti.Beijing:FLTRP,2005.867-94.
McLuhan,Eric.“The Source of the Term‘Global Village.’”Mc Luhan Studies 2.Web.20 Oct.2016.
Munton,Alan.“Lewis and Cultural Criticism.”Wyndham Lewis:A Critical Guide.Ed.Andrzej Gasiorek and Nathan Waddell.Edinburgh:Edinburgh UP,2015.64-81.
-.“Vorticism.”A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture.Ed.David Bradshaw and Kevin J.H.Dettmar.Oxford:Blackwell,2006.176-82.
Peppis,Paul.Literature,Politics,and the English Avant-Garde:Nation and Empire,1901-1918.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2000.
Pound,Ezra.“Advertisement:Blast.”Egoist 1.7(1914):140.
-.“Advertisement:Blast.”Egoist 1.8(1914):160.
-.“Affirmations II Vorticism.”New Age 16.11(1915):277-78.
-.“Edward Wadsworth,Vorticist.”Egoist 1.16(1914):306-07.
-.Gaudier-Brzeska:A Memoir.New York:New Directions,1970.
-.“Gaudier-Brzeska.”New Age 16.14(1915):380-82.
-.“The Death of Vorticism.”Little Review 5.10-11(1919):45-51.
-.“Vortex.”Blast 1(1914):153-54.
-.“Vorticism.”Fortnightly Review 96.573(1914):461-71.Web.8 May 2017.
Scobie,Stephen.“Sheila Watson.”Canadian Encyclopedia.Web.18 January 2018.
Townsend,Christopher.“Into the Vortex:Christopher Townsend on the Virtues of Misanthropy.”Art Monthly347(2011):7-10.
Wees,William C.Vorticism and the English Avant-Garde.Toronto:U of Toronto P,1972.
周汶:《温德姆·刘易斯的“敌人”形象及其文化意义》,载《外国文学》2016年第1期,第28-36页。[Zhou,Wen.“Wyndham Lewis’s‘Enemy’Persona and Its Cultural Significance.”Foreign Literature 1(2016):28-36.]
(1)对于刘易斯此说法,评论家曼顿(Alan Munton)解释称:显然刘易斯这里并非指漩涡主义的绘画、雕塑和文学作品,而是指出版《轰炸》过程中所做的编辑、推广工作(“Lewis and Cultural Criticism”69)。文中来自刘易斯作品中的所有引文都已获得刘易斯纪念基金会(The Wyndham Lewis Memorial Trust)的授权。
(2)罗伯茨显然把时间记错了,这次聚会应该是1916年春。下文将提及。
(1) Blast这一杂志名由反叛画家之一、后来追随马里奈蒂的内文森于1913年11月提供(Munton,“Vorticism”176)。
(2)尽管《轰炸》杂志内封面上标明的出版日期是1914年6月20日,但由于接受报刊审查时庞德发表的诗歌有三行需要删除,所以该杂志正式面世延迟至7月2日(Macedo 152)。
(1)普洛丁(Plotinus,204-270)是古罗马时期的希腊唯心主义哲学家、新柏拉图主义创始人。庞德的诗句为:As one that would draw through the node of things,/Back-sweeping to the vortex of the cone…/I was an atom on creation’s throne(Materer 15-16)。
(2)为推广即将面世的《轰炸》杂志,庞德曾于1914年4月1日和4月15日在《自我主义者》杂志上连续做了两期整页广告,但广告词只提到要“探讨立体主义、未来主义、意象主义以及所有具有活力的现代艺术形式”,而只字未提“漩涡主义”。
(1)埃瑞克·麦克卢汉在同一篇文章里也指出,另一个可能的肇始源是乔伊斯的小说《芬尼根的守灵夜》,也可能是两者共同影响的结果。
(2) John Bull又译约翰牛,这一人物形象来自英国作家阿布斯诺特(Dr.John Arbuthnot)写的《约翰·布尔传》(The History of John Bull,1712),后成为典型英国人的代称,如同“山姆大叔”之于美国人。