基于创新价值链的我国环保产业技术创新效率评价
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摘要
基于技术创新价值链原理构建数据包络分析模型,评价我国环保产业技术创新效率。研究结果表明:我国环保产业技术开发效率和技术转化效率平均值分别为0.65和0.23,技术创新效率总体偏低,尤其是技术转化效率很低;东、中部大部分地区纯技术效率低于规模效率且规模报酬递减,造成创新效率低下的原因并非是创新投入不足;西部部分地区技术创新规模效率低下且规模报酬递增,创新资源投入不足制约了创新效率的提升。据此提出几点建议:加快环保产业技术产业化和商业化,提升环保产业技术创新的产出层次和水平,拓展环保产业技术创新的投入模式。
Based on the principle of technological innovation value chain, this paper constructs a data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the efficiency of technological innovation in environmental protection industry in China. The results show that the average efficiency of technology development and technology transformation of environmental protection industry in China is 0.65 and 0.23 respectively, and the efficiency of technological innovation is generally low, especially the efficiency of technology transformation is very low; in the east and central regions,the pure technical efficiency are lower than the scale efficiency and the scale reward is decreasing, the reason for the low innovation efficiency is not the insufficient investment in innovation; in some parts of the west regions, the scale efficiency of technological innovation is low and the scale compensation is increasing, and the insufficient input of innovation resources restricts the improvement of innovation efficiency. Based on this, the paper puts forward several suggestions: to accelerate the industrialization and commercialization of environmental protection industry technology,improve the output level and level of environmental protection industry technology innovation, and expand the investment mode of environmental protection industry technology innovation.
Based on the principle of technological innovation value chain, this paper constructs a data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the efficiency of technological innovation in environmental protection industry in China. The results show that the average efficiency of technology development and technology transformation of environmental protection industry in China is 0.65 and 0.23 respectively, and the efficiency of technological innovation is generally low, especially the efficiency of technology transformation is very low; in the east and central regions,the pure technical efficiency are lower than the scale efficiency and the scale reward is decreasing, the reason for the low innovation efficiency is not the insufficient investment in innovation; in some parts of the west regions, the scale efficiency of technological innovation is low and the scale compensation is increasing, and the insufficient input of innovation resources restricts the improvement of innovation efficiency. Based on this, the paper puts forward several suggestions: to accelerate the industrialization and commercialization of environmental protection industry technology,improve the output level and level of environmental protection industry technology innovation, and expand the investment mode of environmental protection industry technology innovation.
引文
[1]蒋洪强,张静,张伟.以技术创新推动环保产业发展的思路与建议[J].环境保护,2015(8):36-39.
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[4]池仁勇.企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(6):105-108.
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[15]任治.我国制造业技术创新效率分析[J].统计与决策,2017(11):140-142.
[16]高阳,张蒙蒙,游达明.基于城市视角下新能源汽车产业技术创新效率评价[J].工业技术经济,2016(3):47-54.
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[20]张晓琳,吴育华.创新价值链及其有效运作的机制分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005(9):23-26.
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[22]GANOTAKIS P, LOVE J H.The innovation value chain in new technology-based firms:evidence from the UK[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2012, 29(5):839-860.
[23]ROPER S, ARVANITIS S. From knowledge to added value:a comparative, panel-data analysis of the innovation value chain in Irish and Swiss manufacturing firms[J].Research Policy, 2012,41(6):1093-1106.
[24]罗福凯,孙凤娥.工业企业技术来源与技术创新效率[J].工业技术经济,2010(12):3-9.
[25]马云俊.创新价值链视角下我国大中型制造企业创新效率评价[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2013.
[26]孙红梅,朱伟琪.环保产业创新投资、产出和效率协同效应[J].上海经济研究,2015(11):20-36.
[27]王家庭.我国环保行业的技术效率测度及提升:基于30省市面板数据的实证研究[J].经济问题,2011(6):4-9.
[28]肖更生,刘园,袁倩.我国环保业上市公司技术效率与规模效率的分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011(6):89-91.
[29]张根文,李双双,曾行运.基于价值链视角对技术创新效率两阶段分析:以节能环保上市公司为例[J].工业技术经济,2015(8):108-116.
[30]齐齐,赵树宽,李其容.战略性新兴产业企业创新效率评价研究:以东北地区为例[J].中国流通经济,2017(10):65-72.
[31]CHAMERS A, COOPOR W W, RHODER E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1978, 2(6):429-444.
[32]BANKER R D, CHAMES A, COOPOR W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiency in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science, 1984, 30:1078-1092.
[33]环境保护部科技标准司,中国环境保护产业协会.环保产业数据手册[R].北京:中国环保产业协会,2015.
[34]陈伟,冯志军,姜贺敏,等.中国区域创新系统创新效率的评价研究:基于链式关联网络DEA模型的新视角[J].情报杂志,2010(12):24-29.
[35]王瑞良.中国高技术产业技术创新效率的区域差异性及影响因素研究[D].广州:广东外语外贸大学,2017.
[36]宇文晶,马丽华,李海霞.基于两阶段串联DEA的区域高技术产业创新效率及影响因素研究[J].研究与发展管理,2015(3):137-146.
[2]薛婕,马忠玉,罗宏,等.我国环保产业的技术创新能力分析[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(4):23-31.
[3]赵兰香.知识、决策与技术创新效率[J].科学学研究,1999(12):53-56.
[4]池仁勇.企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(6):105-108.
[5]MUNRO H, NOORI H. Performance of Canadian companies due to technology adoption[R].Paynyham:TAFE National Centre for Management Research and Development,1988:67-74.
[6]ROUSSEAU S, ROUSEAU R.The scientific wealth of European nations:taking effectiveness into account[J]. Scientometrics,1998,42(1):75-87.
[7] BOBE B, BOBE B. Benchmarking innovation practices of European firms[R].Seville:Joint Research Centre European Commission,1998.
[8]张清辉,王建品.技术创新效率研究回顾与现状分析[J].商业时代,2011(1):94-96.
[9]SCHMOOKLER J. Invention and economic growth[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1966.
[10]KOELLER C T.Innovation, market structure and firm size:a simultaneous equations model[J].Managerial and Decision Economics, 1995,16(3):259-269.
[11] KONTOLAIMOU A, GIOTOPOULOS I, TSAKANIKAS A. A typology of European countries based on innovation efficiency and technology gaps:the role of early-stage entrepreneurship[J].Economic Modelling, 2016,52:477-484.
[12]WANG Q W, HANG Y,SUN L CH, et al.Two-stage innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises in China:a non-radial DEA approach[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2016,112:254-261.
[13] FANG J W, CHIU Y H.Research on innovation efficiency and technology gap in China economic development[J].Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 34(2):175005.
[14]易明,彭甲超,俞艳霞.我国高新技术产业技术创新效率评价及提升对策研究[J].宏观经济研究,2017(11):60-68.
[15]任治.我国制造业技术创新效率分析[J].统计与决策,2017(11):140-142.
[16]高阳,张蒙蒙,游达明.基于城市视角下新能源汽车产业技术创新效率评价[J].工业技术经济,2016(3):47-54.
[17]MEYER A D, GARG S.Internationalize your innovation value chain[R].Fontainebleau:INSEAD, 2006.
[18]HANSEN M T, BIRKINSHAW J. The innovation value chain[J].Harvard Business Review, 2007,85(6):121-142.
[19]ROPER S, DU J, LOVE J H. Modelling the innovation value chain[J].Research Policy, 2008, 37(6):961-977.
[20]张晓琳,吴育华.创新价值链及其有效运作的机制分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005(9):23-26.
[21]张文松,马燕.基于竞争优势的创新价值链构建[J].管理现代化,2005(5):19-21.
[22]GANOTAKIS P, LOVE J H.The innovation value chain in new technology-based firms:evidence from the UK[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2012, 29(5):839-860.
[23]ROPER S, ARVANITIS S. From knowledge to added value:a comparative, panel-data analysis of the innovation value chain in Irish and Swiss manufacturing firms[J].Research Policy, 2012,41(6):1093-1106.
[24]罗福凯,孙凤娥.工业企业技术来源与技术创新效率[J].工业技术经济,2010(12):3-9.
[25]马云俊.创新价值链视角下我国大中型制造企业创新效率评价[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2013.
[26]孙红梅,朱伟琪.环保产业创新投资、产出和效率协同效应[J].上海经济研究,2015(11):20-36.
[27]王家庭.我国环保行业的技术效率测度及提升:基于30省市面板数据的实证研究[J].经济问题,2011(6):4-9.
[28]肖更生,刘园,袁倩.我国环保业上市公司技术效率与规模效率的分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011(6):89-91.
[29]张根文,李双双,曾行运.基于价值链视角对技术创新效率两阶段分析:以节能环保上市公司为例[J].工业技术经济,2015(8):108-116.
[30]齐齐,赵树宽,李其容.战略性新兴产业企业创新效率评价研究:以东北地区为例[J].中国流通经济,2017(10):65-72.
[31]CHAMERS A, COOPOR W W, RHODER E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1978, 2(6):429-444.
[32]BANKER R D, CHAMES A, COOPOR W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiency in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science, 1984, 30:1078-1092.
[33]环境保护部科技标准司,中国环境保护产业协会.环保产业数据手册[R].北京:中国环保产业协会,2015.
[34]陈伟,冯志军,姜贺敏,等.中国区域创新系统创新效率的评价研究:基于链式关联网络DEA模型的新视角[J].情报杂志,2010(12):24-29.
[35]王瑞良.中国高技术产业技术创新效率的区域差异性及影响因素研究[D].广州:广东外语外贸大学,2017.
[36]宇文晶,马丽华,李海霞.基于两阶段串联DEA的区域高技术产业创新效率及影响因素研究[J].研究与发展管理,2015(3):137-146.