基于特征谐波测量阻抗的HVDC接地极线路保护新原理
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摘要
针对高压直流输电系统接地极线路高阻、远端接地故障保护灵敏度低的问题,提出一种基于特征谐波测量阻抗的高压直流输电系统接地极线路保护新原理。首先,基于接地极系统等效电路,定义线路量测端测得的特征谐波电压与入线特征谐波电流之比为接地极线路特征谐波测量阻抗,并对接地极线路故障前后特征谐波测量阻抗的特征进行理论分析与推导。随后,在此基础上构造基于特征谐波测量阻抗幅值比的故障保护判据。通过PSCAD/EMTDC搭建的仿真模型,验证不同工况下保护判据的有效性和可靠性。仿真结果表明,该文所提的原理保护范围接近线路全长,具有较强的抗过渡电阻能力,且具有一定的抗噪声干扰能力。同时,该保护原理无需增加其他的硬件设备,具有良好的适用性和实用价值。
In order to solve the problem of low sensitivity of protection when there are high resistance and remote ground faults of ground electrode lines in HVDC transmission system,a new principle of HVDC ground electrode line protection based on characteristic harmonic measured impedance(CHMI)was proposed. First, based on the equivalent circuit of the ground electrode lines, the CHMI of ground electrode line was defined, which is the ratio of characteristic harmonic voltage to the characteristic harmonic current of one line from the measuring end. And then the characteristics of the CHMI pre and post line fault were analyzed and simulated. Furthermore, a fault protection criterion based on the ratio of CHMIs' amplitudes was constructed. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the proposed protection principle, the simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC show that the electrode line protection principle proposed in this paper can reliably identify the faults of almost the whole range of ground electrode lines with high transient resistance and noise interference. In addition, there is no need to install additional hardware. Therefore, it has good applicability and practical value in power system.
In order to solve the problem of low sensitivity of protection when there are high resistance and remote ground faults of ground electrode lines in HVDC transmission system,a new principle of HVDC ground electrode line protection based on characteristic harmonic measured impedance(CHMI)was proposed. First, based on the equivalent circuit of the ground electrode lines, the CHMI of ground electrode line was defined, which is the ratio of characteristic harmonic voltage to the characteristic harmonic current of one line from the measuring end. And then the characteristics of the CHMI pre and post line fault were analyzed and simulated. Furthermore, a fault protection criterion based on the ratio of CHMIs' amplitudes was constructed. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the proposed protection principle, the simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC show that the electrode line protection principle proposed in this paper can reliably identify the faults of almost the whole range of ground electrode lines with high transient resistance and noise interference. In addition, there is no need to install additional hardware. Therefore, it has good applicability and practical value in power system.
引文
[1]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004:8-17.Zhao Wanjun.High voltage direct current project technology[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004:8-17(in Chinese).
[2]宋国兵,高淑萍,蔡新雷,等.高压直流输电线路继电保护技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):123-129.Song Guobing,Gao Shuping,Cai Xinlei,et al.Survey of relay protection technology for HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):123-129(in Chinese).
[3]马为民,樊纪超.特高压直流输电系统规划设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2545-2549.Ma Weimin,Fan Jichao.Planning and design of UHVDCtransmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2545-2549(in Chinese).
[4]孙帮新,陈辉祥.高压直流输电共用接地极技术研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(12):150-153,167.Sun Bangxin,Chen Huixiang.Common grounding technique used in the HVDC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(12):150-153,167(in Chinese).
[5]郭剑,朱艺颖.直流输电系统共用接地极的暂态接地性能分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(24):46-49.Guo Jian,Zhu Yiying.Analysis on transient grounding performance of common grounding electrodes in HVDCsystem[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(24):46-49(in Chinese).
[6]刘连光,闫旭东,马成廉,等.换流变压器编组和受端电网结构对其直流偏磁的影响研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):322-327.Liu Lianguang,Yan Xudong,Ma Chenglian,et al.Research of converter transformer marshalling and receiving-end grid structure's effect on converter transformer DC bias[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):322-327(in Chinese).
[7]欧开健,韩伟强,黄立滨.兴安直流接地极不平衡保护电流定值问题仿真试验研究[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(4):98-100.Ou Kaijian,Han Weiqiang,Huang Libin.Simulation and research on the settings of electrode current balance protection in Xing-An HVDC project[J].Southern Power System Technology,2008,2(4):98-100(in Chinese).
[8]张爱玲,姚致清,涂仁川,等.云广特高压直流输电工程站控系统的设计缺陷及改进分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(4):117-123.Zhang Ailing,Yao Zhiqing,Tu Renchuan,et al.Design limitation and improvement of station control system in Yunguang UHVDC project[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(4):117-123(in Chinese).
[9]成敬周,徐政.直流输电共用接地极线方式的保护特性[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(14):77-82.Cheng Jingzhou,Xu Zheng.Protection characteristics of HVDC common grounding electrode lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(14):77-82(in Chinese).
[10]钱龙.直流系统接地极监测与保护分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.Qian Long.Research on HVDC grounding monitoring and protection[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012(in Chinese).
[11]郑涛,王可坛,刘校销,等.可消除过渡电阻影响的单相接地距离保护研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4045-4053.Zheng Tao,Wang Ketan,Liu Xiaoxiao,et al.Research on single phase grounding distance protection against transition resistance[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4045-4053(in Chinese).
[12]曾祥君,张玺,阳韬,等.高压直流输电系统接地极不平衡保护改进措施研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(24):132-137.Zeng Xiangjun,Zhang Xi,Yang Tao,et al.Improvement measures of electrodes line unbalance protection for HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(24):132-137(in Chinese).
[13]束洪春,田鑫萃,张怿宁.接地极线路短路故障快速识别及故障测距研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3584-3591.Shu Hongchun,Tian Xincui,Zhang Yining.Research on short-circuit fault identification and fault location algorithm for HVDC electrode line[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3584-3591(in Chinese).
[14]杨光,朱韬析,魏丽君,等.直流输电系统接地极线路故障研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(21):45-49.Yang Guang,Zhu Taoxi,Wei Lijun,et al.Research on the faults of electrode line of HVDC transmission system in monopolar ground return operation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(21):45-49(in Chinese).
[15]滕予非,王鱼,焦在滨,等.特高压直流输电系统接地极引线阻抗监视策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(11):157-164.Teng Yufei,Wang Yu,Jiao Zaibin,et al.Impedance monitoring scheme for ground electrode line of ultra high voltage DC transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(11):157-164(in Chinese).
[16]滕予非,汤涌,周波,等.基于高频电压突变量的特高压直流输电系统接地极引线故障监测方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):72-78.Teng Yufei,Tang Yong,Zhou Bo,et al.Monitoring scheme for UHVDC ground electrode line fault on the basis of high-frequency voltage variation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,42(1):72-78(in Chinese).
[17]Ma Jinxi,Dawalibi F P,Ruan W.Design considerations of HVDC grounding electrodes[C]//Transmission and Distribution Conference&Exhibition.Dalian,China:IEEE,2005.
[18]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[19]Arrillaga J,Callaghan C D.Three phase AC-DC load and harmonic flows[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1991,6(1):238-244.
[20]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.利用暂态测量阻抗的高压直流线路故障识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(20):5504-5514.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.A fault identification method for HVDC transmission lines based on transient measured-impedance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(20):5504-5514(in Chinese).
[21]李战鹰,李建华,夏道止.?800kV特高压直流输电系统特征谐波分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):6-9.Li Zhanying,Li Jianhua,Xia Daozhi.Analysis of characteristic harmonics in?800kV ultra high voltage direct current power transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(24):6-9(in Chinese).
[22]孔祥平,袁宇波,高磊,等.含UPFC线路的距离保护方案研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5219-5226.Kong Xiangping,Yuan Yubo,Gao Lei,et al.Study of distance protection scheme for transmission line including UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5219-5226(in Chinese).
[2]宋国兵,高淑萍,蔡新雷,等.高压直流输电线路继电保护技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):123-129.Song Guobing,Gao Shuping,Cai Xinlei,et al.Survey of relay protection technology for HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):123-129(in Chinese).
[3]马为民,樊纪超.特高压直流输电系统规划设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2545-2549.Ma Weimin,Fan Jichao.Planning and design of UHVDCtransmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2545-2549(in Chinese).
[4]孙帮新,陈辉祥.高压直流输电共用接地极技术研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(12):150-153,167.Sun Bangxin,Chen Huixiang.Common grounding technique used in the HVDC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(12):150-153,167(in Chinese).
[5]郭剑,朱艺颖.直流输电系统共用接地极的暂态接地性能分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(24):46-49.Guo Jian,Zhu Yiying.Analysis on transient grounding performance of common grounding electrodes in HVDCsystem[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(24):46-49(in Chinese).
[6]刘连光,闫旭东,马成廉,等.换流变压器编组和受端电网结构对其直流偏磁的影响研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):322-327.Liu Lianguang,Yan Xudong,Ma Chenglian,et al.Research of converter transformer marshalling and receiving-end grid structure's effect on converter transformer DC bias[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):322-327(in Chinese).
[7]欧开健,韩伟强,黄立滨.兴安直流接地极不平衡保护电流定值问题仿真试验研究[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(4):98-100.Ou Kaijian,Han Weiqiang,Huang Libin.Simulation and research on the settings of electrode current balance protection in Xing-An HVDC project[J].Southern Power System Technology,2008,2(4):98-100(in Chinese).
[8]张爱玲,姚致清,涂仁川,等.云广特高压直流输电工程站控系统的设计缺陷及改进分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(4):117-123.Zhang Ailing,Yao Zhiqing,Tu Renchuan,et al.Design limitation and improvement of station control system in Yunguang UHVDC project[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(4):117-123(in Chinese).
[9]成敬周,徐政.直流输电共用接地极线方式的保护特性[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(14):77-82.Cheng Jingzhou,Xu Zheng.Protection characteristics of HVDC common grounding electrode lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(14):77-82(in Chinese).
[10]钱龙.直流系统接地极监测与保护分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.Qian Long.Research on HVDC grounding monitoring and protection[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012(in Chinese).
[11]郑涛,王可坛,刘校销,等.可消除过渡电阻影响的单相接地距离保护研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4045-4053.Zheng Tao,Wang Ketan,Liu Xiaoxiao,et al.Research on single phase grounding distance protection against transition resistance[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4045-4053(in Chinese).
[12]曾祥君,张玺,阳韬,等.高压直流输电系统接地极不平衡保护改进措施研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(24):132-137.Zeng Xiangjun,Zhang Xi,Yang Tao,et al.Improvement measures of electrodes line unbalance protection for HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(24):132-137(in Chinese).
[13]束洪春,田鑫萃,张怿宁.接地极线路短路故障快速识别及故障测距研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3584-3591.Shu Hongchun,Tian Xincui,Zhang Yining.Research on short-circuit fault identification and fault location algorithm for HVDC electrode line[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3584-3591(in Chinese).
[14]杨光,朱韬析,魏丽君,等.直流输电系统接地极线路故障研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(21):45-49.Yang Guang,Zhu Taoxi,Wei Lijun,et al.Research on the faults of electrode line of HVDC transmission system in monopolar ground return operation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(21):45-49(in Chinese).
[15]滕予非,王鱼,焦在滨,等.特高压直流输电系统接地极引线阻抗监视策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(11):157-164.Teng Yufei,Wang Yu,Jiao Zaibin,et al.Impedance monitoring scheme for ground electrode line of ultra high voltage DC transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(11):157-164(in Chinese).
[16]滕予非,汤涌,周波,等.基于高频电压突变量的特高压直流输电系统接地极引线故障监测方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):72-78.Teng Yufei,Tang Yong,Zhou Bo,et al.Monitoring scheme for UHVDC ground electrode line fault on the basis of high-frequency voltage variation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,42(1):72-78(in Chinese).
[17]Ma Jinxi,Dawalibi F P,Ruan W.Design considerations of HVDC grounding electrodes[C]//Transmission and Distribution Conference&Exhibition.Dalian,China:IEEE,2005.
[18]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[19]Arrillaga J,Callaghan C D.Three phase AC-DC load and harmonic flows[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1991,6(1):238-244.
[20]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.利用暂态测量阻抗的高压直流线路故障识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(20):5504-5514.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.A fault identification method for HVDC transmission lines based on transient measured-impedance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(20):5504-5514(in Chinese).
[21]李战鹰,李建华,夏道止.?800kV特高压直流输电系统特征谐波分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):6-9.Li Zhanying,Li Jianhua,Xia Daozhi.Analysis of characteristic harmonics in?800kV ultra high voltage direct current power transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(24):6-9(in Chinese).
[22]孔祥平,袁宇波,高磊,等.含UPFC线路的距离保护方案研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5219-5226.Kong Xiangping,Yuan Yubo,Gao Lei,et al.Study of distance protection scheme for transmission line including UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5219-5226(in Chinese).
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