滇池流域暴雨洪水特征分析与研究
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摘要
昆明市主城区大观楼站暴雨主要发生于5—8月份,6、8月较明显(各占1/3),5月稍弱,重现期1～100 a的10～180 min的暴雨衰减指数0. 761～0. 821。"7·19"大暴雨是滇池流域近90 a间最大日降水量,昆明站实测洪峰87. 5 m~3/s,现状洪峰为114 m~3/s,暴雨洪水约为30年一遇。滇池入湖洪水由陆地洪水及湖面暴雨组成,以湖面显著(占42%～56%),盘龙江次之(占9. 5%),主要发生在7、8月份(占61%),两个月出现的概率差异不大; 5、11月发生的概率最低(分别仅占3. 0%、0. 7%),滇池入湖洪水历年基本具有一致性。为滇池防洪的地区协调、分时段方案提供技术支撑。
Generally speaking, the rainstorm of Daguan precipitation station of main urban area of Kunming city occurs during May to August. The rainstorm of June and August is significantly heavier( each contributes one-thirds of overall rainfall during this period.).The rainstorm of May is lighter. In the return of 1 to 100 years, the rainstorm attenuation index of 10 to 180 minutes rainstorm is 0. 761 to 0. 821. "7·19" heavy rainstorm is the heaviest daily precipitation of Dianchi Basin in 90 years, the measured flood peak of Kunming precipitation station is 87. 5 m~3/s, the present flood peak is 114 m~3/s. Rainstorm and flood occur about once every 30 years. The flooding of the Dianchi Lake into the lake is composed of land floods and heavy rains on the lake. The lake surface is significant( 42 ～56%), followed by Panlongjiang( 9. 5%). It mainly occurred in July and August( 61%), with little difference in the probability of occurrence in two months. The probability of occurrence of May and November is the lowest( only contributes to 3. 0% and 0. 7% respectively) and the inflowing flood of Dianchi Lake is annually of consistency. The study can technically support the flood control of the Dianchi Lake on regional coordination and time-period partitioning.
Generally speaking, the rainstorm of Daguan precipitation station of main urban area of Kunming city occurs during May to August. The rainstorm of June and August is significantly heavier( each contributes one-thirds of overall rainfall during this period.).The rainstorm of May is lighter. In the return of 1 to 100 years, the rainstorm attenuation index of 10 to 180 minutes rainstorm is 0. 761 to 0. 821. "7·19" heavy rainstorm is the heaviest daily precipitation of Dianchi Basin in 90 years, the measured flood peak of Kunming precipitation station is 87. 5 m~3/s, the present flood peak is 114 m~3/s. Rainstorm and flood occur about once every 30 years. The flooding of the Dianchi Lake into the lake is composed of land floods and heavy rains on the lake. The lake surface is significant( 42 ～56%), followed by Panlongjiang( 9. 5%). It mainly occurred in July and August( 61%), with little difference in the probability of occurrence in two months. The probability of occurrence of May and November is the lowest( only contributes to 3. 0% and 0. 7% respectively) and the inflowing flood of Dianchi Lake is annually of consistency. The study can technically support the flood control of the Dianchi Lake on regional coordination and time-period partitioning.
引文
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[3]任恒钦,悟立群,李学辉,等.昆明市城市暴雨强度公式拟合研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(15):21-23.
[4]周恩济,林镜榆,范钟秀,等.气象学[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1989:91-104.
[5]芮孝芳.径流形成原理[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1991:75-179.
[6]云南省水利水电厅暴雨洪水计算办公室.云南省暴雨径流查算图表[R].1992.
[7]缪韧.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:99-102.
[8]詹海学,叶守泽.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:171-189.
[9]许志敏,李科国,顾世祥,等.昆明市城市化发展对滇池入湖洪水的影响分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,333:16-19.
[10]南京大学数学系计算数学专业.最优化方法[M].南京:科学出版社,1978:79-91.
[11]高慧琴,代健,沈艳,等.西江流域洪水组成与遭遇分析[J].人民珠江,2017,38(7):18-21.
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