滇池流域典型湿地植物需水规律试验研究
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摘要
湿地植物需水量是湿地生态系统水平衡的重要组成部分。本文以香蒲、菖蒲、红鞘水竹芋、美人蕉和水葱等5种滇池流域典型湿地植物为对象开展为期两年的需水规律试验,计算分析了不同湿地植物的全生育期总需水量以及各生育阶段日均需水量,并计算得到各湿地植物的作物系数。结果表明:5种湿地植物需水量随生育进程呈现先增大而后逐渐减小的趋势,峰值主要出现在6-8月。5种植物全生育期日均需水量范围为4.50～5.49 mm/d,其中香蒲和红鞘水竹芋最大,菖蒲最小;全生育期总需水量变化范围为1 088.6～1 638.1 mm,平均值为1 260.2 mm,最大为红鞘水竹芋,最小为水葱。各湿地植物作物系数在全生育期的变化均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,香蒲、菖蒲、红鞘水竹芋的峰值出现在果实期,美人蕉和水葱的峰值出现在开花期。5种湿地植物全生育期作物系数均值范围为1.21～1.66,其中红鞘水竹芋最大,水葱最小。
Water requirement of wetland plants is an important part of wetland ecosystem water balance. In this study,a two-year water requirement experiment is carried out by wetland in the Dianchi Lake Basin containing five kinds of typical plants: Typha angustifolia L, Acorus calamus L, Thalia geniculata Lare, Canna indica L, and Scirpus validus Vahl. The total water requirement during the whole growth period of different wetland plants and the daily average water demand at each growth stage is obtained, the crop coefficient of different wetland plants is calculated. The results show that the water requirement of five kinds of wetland plants increased first and then gradually decreased with the growth process, and the peak appeared mainly between June and August. The average daily water requirement for the five species of plants is 4.50 to 5.49 mm/d during the whole growth period. Among them, Typha angustifolia L and Thalia geniculata Lare are the largest, and Acorus calamus L is the smallest. The total water requirement in the whole growth period ranges from 1 088.6 to 1 638.1 mm, with an average value of 1 260.2 mm. Thalia geniculata Lare is the largest, and Scirpus validus Vahl is the smallest. For the five kinds of wetland plants, the changes of the crop coefficients during the whole growth period show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peaks of Typha angustifolia L, Acorus calamus L and Thalia geniculata Lare appeared in the fruit period, the peaks of Canna indica L and Scirpus validus Vahl appeared in the anthesis. The mean crop coefficient in the whole growth period of five kinds of wetland plants is 1.21 to 1.66, of which Thalia geniculata Lare is the largest and Scirpus validus Vahl the smallest.
Water requirement of wetland plants is an important part of wetland ecosystem water balance. In this study,a two-year water requirement experiment is carried out by wetland in the Dianchi Lake Basin containing five kinds of typical plants: Typha angustifolia L, Acorus calamus L, Thalia geniculata Lare, Canna indica L, and Scirpus validus Vahl. The total water requirement during the whole growth period of different wetland plants and the daily average water demand at each growth stage is obtained, the crop coefficient of different wetland plants is calculated. The results show that the water requirement of five kinds of wetland plants increased first and then gradually decreased with the growth process, and the peak appeared mainly between June and August. The average daily water requirement for the five species of plants is 4.50 to 5.49 mm/d during the whole growth period. Among them, Typha angustifolia L and Thalia geniculata Lare are the largest, and Acorus calamus L is the smallest. The total water requirement in the whole growth period ranges from 1 088.6 to 1 638.1 mm, with an average value of 1 260.2 mm. Thalia geniculata Lare is the largest, and Scirpus validus Vahl is the smallest. For the five kinds of wetland plants, the changes of the crop coefficients during the whole growth period show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peaks of Typha angustifolia L, Acorus calamus L and Thalia geniculata Lare appeared in the fruit period, the peaks of Canna indica L and Scirpus validus Vahl appeared in the anthesis. The mean crop coefficient in the whole growth period of five kinds of wetland plants is 1.21 to 1.66, of which Thalia geniculata Lare is the largest and Scirpus validus Vahl the smallest.
引文
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[2] 张颖, 郑西来, 伍成成, 等. 辽河口芦苇湿地蒸散试验研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2011,22(3):351-358.
[3] 冉新军,沈利,李新虎. 博斯腾湖沼泽芦苇需水规律研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2010,21(3):66-69.
[4] 张倩. 人工湿地蒸发蒸腾与水质净化效果的试验研究[D]. 西安:西安理工大学, 2015.
[5] 王峰. 人工湿地植物蒸腾与光合特性及其对去除效果的影响[D]. 南京:东南大学, 2007.
[6] 韩焕豪, 崔远来, 时元智,等. SunScan冠层分析仪在水稻叶面积指数测量中的应用[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2015,34(8):44-48.
[7] 李树森. 观赏竹芋的栽培及应用[J]. 特种经济动植物, 2011,(9): 27-30.
[8] 李双梅, 柯卫东, 黄新芳. 蒲菜的高产栽培技术[J]. 蔬菜, 2009,(2):32-33.
[9] 张希祥, 慈维顺, 王国雨. 常见水生植物栽培技术措施[J]. 天津农林科技, 2012,227(3):17-18.
[10] 陈慧英. 诸暨湿地植物物候期及景观分析[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2010.
[11] 李涛,周律. 湿地植物对污水中氮、磷去除效果的试验研究[J]. 环境工程, 2009,27(4):25-28.
[12] 王力,崔远来,赵树君,等。鄱阳湖流域典型湿地植被需水规律[J]. 节水灌溉,2014,(12):6-9,15.
[13] 吴慧蓉, 崔远来, 高明利. 作物系数影响因素分析[J]. 节水灌溉, 2016,(8):149-152.
[14] 王笑影, 梁文举, 闻大中. 北方稻田蒸散需水分析及其作物系数确定[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005,16(1):69-72.