南亚热带水体7种常见浮游动物的个体氮、磷含量及其排泄率的比较
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摘要
比较分析了我国南亚热带湖库7种常见浮游动物,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、颈沟基合溞(Bosminopsis deitersi)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)、中华拟同型溞(Daphnia similoides sinensis)、温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides)和舌状叶镖水蚤(Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus)在温度15~30℃范围内的氮、磷排泄率以及氮、磷含量.氮、磷含量分别为4.9~24.2μg/mg(DW)和51.2~153.5μg/mg(DW);氮磷原子比为11.5~43.0.磷含量与个体干重呈显著正相关关系,但氮含量和氮磷比与个体干重相关性不显著.溶解态无机磷(DIP)排泄率为0.31~2.05μg/(mg(DW)·h),与个体干重呈显著负相关,与温度和个体氮磷含量比值均呈显著正相关.总溶解态氮(TDN)排泄率为24~256μg/(mg(DW)·h),与温度和个体干重均呈显著相关,但与个体氮磷含量比值相关性不显著.排泄的TDN∶DIP原子比为112~352,与温度呈显著正相关,与个体干重和氮磷含量比值均呈显著负相关.结果表明,在高氮磷比的食物条件下,7种浮游动物营养盐排泄均呈现高的氮磷比特征,磷排泄率和排泄的氮磷比的种间差异受个体干重和个体氮磷比影响.
We examined the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen of seven common zooplankton species in South China,Brachionus calyciflorus,Asplanchna priodonta,Bosminopsis deitersi,Moina micrura,Daphnia similoides sinensis,Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides and Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus under different temperature( 15-30℃). The nitrogen and phosphorus content of the seven species were also analyzed to test the hypothesis that variation in nutrient excretion rate is related to body P and N content. Body P and N content were 4.9-24.2 μg/mg dry weight( DW) and 51.2-153.5 μg/mg( DW) respectively,and their atom ratio was 11.5-43.0. Body P content was significantly related to body dry weight. However,both body N content and N ∶P ratio were not significantly related to body dry weight. The mass-specific excretion rate of dissolved inorganic phosphorus( DIP) was 0.31-2.10 μg/( mg( DW) ·h),negatively related to body dry weight,and positively to temperature and body N ∶P ratio. The mass-specific excretion rate of total dissolved nitrogen( TDN) was 24-256 μg/( mg( DW)·h),negatively related to body dry weight and positively to temperature. Atom ratio of TDN to DIP excretion was 112-352,positively related to temperature,and negatively to body dry weight and N ∶ P ratio. Our results indicated that zooplankton fed on food with high N ∶ P ratio tend to excrete nutrients with a high nitrogen excretion rate and high ratio of TDN: DIP in South China,and interspecific difference of P excretion and TDN ∶ DIP ratio of the excretion would be ascribed partly to body dry weight and N ∶ P ratio.
We examined the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen of seven common zooplankton species in South China,Brachionus calyciflorus,Asplanchna priodonta,Bosminopsis deitersi,Moina micrura,Daphnia similoides sinensis,Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides and Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus under different temperature( 15-30℃). The nitrogen and phosphorus content of the seven species were also analyzed to test the hypothesis that variation in nutrient excretion rate is related to body P and N content. Body P and N content were 4.9-24.2 μg/mg dry weight( DW) and 51.2-153.5 μg/mg( DW) respectively,and their atom ratio was 11.5-43.0. Body P content was significantly related to body dry weight. However,both body N content and N ∶P ratio were not significantly related to body dry weight. The mass-specific excretion rate of dissolved inorganic phosphorus( DIP) was 0.31-2.10 μg/( mg( DW) ·h),negatively related to body dry weight,and positively to temperature and body N ∶P ratio. The mass-specific excretion rate of total dissolved nitrogen( TDN) was 24-256 μg/( mg( DW)·h),negatively related to body dry weight and positively to temperature. Atom ratio of TDN to DIP excretion was 112-352,positively related to temperature,and negatively to body dry weight and N ∶ P ratio. Our results indicated that zooplankton fed on food with high N ∶ P ratio tend to excrete nutrients with a high nitrogen excretion rate and high ratio of TDN: DIP in South China,and interspecific difference of P excretion and TDN ∶ DIP ratio of the excretion would be ascribed partly to body dry weight and N ∶ P ratio.
引文
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[19]Vrede T,Andersen T,Hessen DO.Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean species.Limnology and Oceanography,1999,44:225-229.
[20]Carrillo P,Reche I,Cruz-Pizarro L.Intraspecific stoichiometric variability and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus resupplied by zooplankton.Freshwater Biology,1996,36:363-374.
[21]Vadstein O,Brekke O,Olsen Y et al.Estimation of phosphorus release rates from natural zooplankton communities feeding on planktonic algae and bacteria.Limnology and Oceanography,1995,40(2):250-262.
[22]Ejsmont-Karabin J,Gorelysheva Z,Kalinowska K et al.Role of zooplankton(Ciliata,Rotifera and Crustacea)in phosphorus removal from cycling:Lakes of the River Jorka watershed(Masuria lakeland,Poland).Polish Journal of Ecology,2004,52(3):275-284.
[2]Capps KA,Atkinson CL,Rugenski AT.Consumer-driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems:An introduction.Freshwater Biology,2015,60(3):439-442.
[3]Oliver SK,Branstrator DK,Hrabik TR et al.Nutrient excretion by crustacean zooplankton in the deep chlorophyll layer of Lake Superior.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2015,72:390-399.
[4]Schindler DE,Knapp RA,Leavitt PR.Alteration of nutrient cycles and algal production resulting from fish introductions into mountain lakes.Ecosystems,2001,4:308-321.
[5]Zimmer KD,Herwig BR,Laurich LM.Nutrient excretion by fish in wetland ecosystems and its potential to support algal production.Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51:197-207.
[6]Zhou Yi,Yang Hongsheng,He Yichao et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and its ecological effect by several bivalvesand fouling animals.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(4):424-431.[周毅,杨红生,何义朝等.四十里湾几种双壳类及污损动物的氮、磷排泄及其生态效应.海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):424-431.]
[7]Vanni MJ,Boros G,Mc Intyre PB.When are fish sources vs.sinks of nutrients in lake ecosystems?Ecology,2013,94(10):2195-2206.
[8]He X,Wang WX.Kinetics of phosphorus in Daphnia at different food concentrations and carbon:phosphorus ratios.Limnology and Oceanography,2007,52(1):395-406.
[9]Sterner RW,Elser J,Hessen DO.Stoichiometric relationships among producers,consumers and nutrient cycling in pelagic ecosystems.Biogeochemistry,1992,17:49-67.
[10]Vanni MJ.Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2002,33:341-370.
[11]Lyche A,Andersen T,Christoffersen K et al.Mesocosm tracer studies.1.Zooplanktonas sources and sinks in the pelagic phosphorus cycle of a mesotrophic lake.Limnology and Oceanography,1996,41(3):460-474.
[12]Urabe J,Nakanishi M,Kawabata K.Contribution of metazoan plankton to the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Biwa.Limnology and Oceanography,1995,40(2):232-241.
[13]Lin Q,Jiang X,Han BP et al.Does stocking of filter-feeding fish for production have a cascading effect on zooplankton and ecological state?A study of fourteen(sub)tropical Chinese reservoirs with contrasting nutrient concentrations.Hydrobiologia,2014,736:115-125.
[14]Lin QQ,Duan SS,Hu R et al.Zooplankton distribution in tropical reservoirs,South China.International Review of Hydrobiology,2003,88:602-613.
[15]Urabe J.N and P cycling coupled by grazers’activities:food quality and nutrient release by zooplankton.Ecology,1993,74(8):2337-2350.
[16]Frost PC,Xenopoulos MA,Larson JH.The stoichiometry of dissolved organic carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus release by a planktonic grazer,Daphnia.Limnology and Oceanography,2004,49(5):1802-1808.
[17]Pitsch M,Awassi V,Susko E et al.Effects of zooplankton dynamics on epilimnetic phosphorus loss.Freshwater Biology,2012,57:704-715.
[18]Sommer F,Santer B,Jamieson C et al.Daphnia population growth but not moulting is a substantial phosphorus drain for phytoplankton.Freshwater Biology,2003,48:67-74.
[19]Vrede T,Andersen T,Hessen DO.Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean species.Limnology and Oceanography,1999,44:225-229.
[20]Carrillo P,Reche I,Cruz-Pizarro L.Intraspecific stoichiometric variability and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus resupplied by zooplankton.Freshwater Biology,1996,36:363-374.
[21]Vadstein O,Brekke O,Olsen Y et al.Estimation of phosphorus release rates from natural zooplankton communities feeding on planktonic algae and bacteria.Limnology and Oceanography,1995,40(2):250-262.
[22]Ejsmont-Karabin J,Gorelysheva Z,Kalinowska K et al.Role of zooplankton(Ciliata,Rotifera and Crustacea)in phosphorus removal from cycling:Lakes of the River Jorka watershed(Masuria lakeland,Poland).Polish Journal of Ecology,2004,52(3):275-284.