莱州湾东部海域多溴联苯醚的污染特征及生态风险评价
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摘要
于2015年4月和11月,在莱州湾东部海域设置6个采样站点,采集海水和表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用联用测定海水溶解相、颗粒相和沉积物中14种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的含量,分析了PBDEs的组成特征,采用主成分分析了其来源,并对其生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,4月份溶解相、颗粒相和表层沉积物中14种PBDEs同系物总含量(∑14PBDEs)的范围分别为0. 29—0. 76 ng·L~(-1)、1.79—3.60 ng·L~(-1)和31.37—44. 39 ng·g-1,其中BDE209的含量范围分别为0. 21—0. 65 ng·L~(-1)、0.84—2.34 ng·L~(-1)和24. 27—36.79 ng·g-1.11月份海水溶解相和沉积相中∑14PBDEs与4月份无显著差异(P> 0. 05),但颗粒相中的∑14PBDEs显著低于4月份(P<0.05).4、11月颗粒相中∑14PBDEs占海水中总含量(溶解相+颗粒相)的平均比例分别为83.9%和71.2%,表明PBDEs主要分配在颗粒相上.沉积物PBDEs含量与总有机碳呈极显著正相关关系(r>0.9,P<0.01).14种PBDEs中,BDE209是最主要的同系物,其次是BDE47.主成分分析表明,莱州湾PBDEs主要来源于商业十溴联苯醚的地表径流输入.莱州湾东部海水中五溴联苯醚和八溴联苯醚存在低生态风险,沉积物中五溴联苯醚具有中等生态风险.
Six sampling stations were set up in the eastern region of Laizhou Bay in April and November 2015,and samples of seawater and surface sediments were collected. The contents of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers( PBDEs) in the dissolved phase( DP) and suspended particulate matter( SPM) of seawater and in surface sediments were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The composition characteristics of PBDEs were analyzed. Principal component analysis( PCA) was used for the identification of the sources of PBDEs,and the ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that the total contents of 14 PBDEs( ∑14PBDEs) in DP,SPM and sediments in April were 0. 29—0. 76 ng·L~(-1),1. 79—3. 60 ng·L~(-1)and 31. 37—44. 39 ng·g-1,respectively,and the contents of BDE209 were 0.21—0.65 ng·L~(-1),0.84—2.34 ng·L~(-1)and 24.27—36.79 ng·g-1,respectively. There was no significant difference between ∑14PBDEs contents in DP and in sediments in April and those in November( P>0.05). However,the ∑14PBDEs contents in SPM in November were significantly lower than those in April( P<0.05). The average proportion of∑14PBDEs in SPM in April and November was 83.9% and 71.2% in the total contents in DP and SPM,respectively,indicating that PBDEs in seawater were mainly partitioned into the particulate phase. The contents of PBDEs in sediments were positively correlated with the contents of the total organic carbon( r>0.9,P<0.01). Among the 14 PBDE congeners,BDE209 was dominant,followed by BDE47. PCA revealed that PBDEs in the eastern region of Laizhou Bay were mainly derived from the deca-BDEs which were transported by land runoff. The ecological risks from penta-BDEs and octa-BDEs in seawater in the eastern region of Laizhou Bay were low,and those from penta-BDEs in sediments were moderate.
Six sampling stations were set up in the eastern region of Laizhou Bay in April and November 2015,and samples of seawater and surface sediments were collected. The contents of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers( PBDEs) in the dissolved phase( DP) and suspended particulate matter( SPM) of seawater and in surface sediments were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The composition characteristics of PBDEs were analyzed. Principal component analysis( PCA) was used for the identification of the sources of PBDEs,and the ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that the total contents of 14 PBDEs( ∑14PBDEs) in DP,SPM and sediments in April were 0. 29—0. 76 ng·L~(-1),1. 79—3. 60 ng·L~(-1)and 31. 37—44. 39 ng·g-1,respectively,and the contents of BDE209 were 0.21—0.65 ng·L~(-1),0.84—2.34 ng·L~(-1)and 24.27—36.79 ng·g-1,respectively. There was no significant difference between ∑14PBDEs contents in DP and in sediments in April and those in November( P>0.05). However,the ∑14PBDEs contents in SPM in November were significantly lower than those in April( P<0.05). The average proportion of∑14PBDEs in SPM in April and November was 83.9% and 71.2% in the total contents in DP and SPM,respectively,indicating that PBDEs in seawater were mainly partitioned into the particulate phase. The contents of PBDEs in sediments were positively correlated with the contents of the total organic carbon( r>0.9,P<0.01). Among the 14 PBDE congeners,BDE209 was dominant,followed by BDE47. PCA revealed that PBDEs in the eastern region of Laizhou Bay were mainly derived from the deca-BDEs which were transported by land runoff. The ecological risks from penta-BDEs and octa-BDEs in seawater in the eastern region of Laizhou Bay were low,and those from penta-BDEs in sediments were moderate.
引文
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