夏季短期调水对太湖贡湖湾湖区水质及藻类的影响
|
摘要
贡湖湾作为"引江济太"工程长江来水进入太湖的第一站,湖湾水体生态环境的变化是对调水工程净水效果的最好响应,因此本文针对贡湖湾一次夏季短期调水展开调查研究,分别取2013年7月24日(调水前)和2013年8月18日(短期调水后)两次监测水样的水体理化指标和浮游藻类群落数据进行了对比分析,并对浮游藻类群落与环境因子做了相关性分析.结果表明:受来水影响,短期调水后监测区水体的p H略有下降,溶解氧、浊度、硝态氮、总氮、总磷以及高锰酸盐指数等水体理化指标浓度均较调水前有所升高;其中受调水影响最为显著的区域为望虞河的入湖口区、湾心区.两次监测调水前后湖区水体优势藻种属未发生变化,仍以微囊藻为主,但蓝藻种属比例有所下降,绿藻和硅藻等种属比例则有所上升.望虞河入湖口区和贡湖湾湾心区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数受调水的影响升高.同时,浮游藻类群落结构与受水水体理化参数的冗余分析结果表明,此次监测的短期调水后,太湖贡湖湾监测湖区水体p H、溶解氧、硝态氮、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数等环境因子与浮游藻类的群落分布呈显著相关,是影响受水水体中藻类群落的主要环境因子.
As the first stop that"Water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu"project water flowing into,Gonghu Bay is the base place to evaluate the water ecological environment changes in response to the project. In this paper,a short-term water diversion in summer in Gonghu Bay is investigated. The physical and chemical indicators and phytoplankton community of the two monitoring water samples before( July 24,2013) and after short-term water diversion( August 18,2013) is compared and analyzed,and then the relationship between phytoplankton community and environmental factors is analyzed. Our results showed that the short-term water diversion in summer had a significant effect on the water quality in Gonghu Bay. After short-term water diversion,the p H value of the water body in the monitored area decreased slightly. The values of turbidity,dissoved oxygen( DO),nitrate nitrogen( NO-3-N),total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and permanganate index( CODMn) in the monitoring area during the water diversion were higher than those before water diversion. The most significant area affected by the water diversion was the entrance to Gonghu Bay of Wangyu River and the middle area of Gonghu Bay. Dominant genus of algae is still microcystis,while the proportion of cyanobacteria species decreased and non-blue algae species such as green algae and diatoms increased. Affected by the water diversion,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index in the entrance to Gonghu Bay of Wangyu River and the middle area of Gonghu Bay were increased as well. However,the short-term water diversion in summer didn't significantly affect the algal community structure in the middle area of Taihu Lake. Meanwhile,the redundancy analyses of phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors by the use of CANOCO software showed that the p H,DO,NO-3-N,TN TP and CODMn were significantly correlated with the distribution of phytoplankton community in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu,which were the main environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton community.
As the first stop that"Water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu"project water flowing into,Gonghu Bay is the base place to evaluate the water ecological environment changes in response to the project. In this paper,a short-term water diversion in summer in Gonghu Bay is investigated. The physical and chemical indicators and phytoplankton community of the two monitoring water samples before( July 24,2013) and after short-term water diversion( August 18,2013) is compared and analyzed,and then the relationship between phytoplankton community and environmental factors is analyzed. Our results showed that the short-term water diversion in summer had a significant effect on the water quality in Gonghu Bay. After short-term water diversion,the p H value of the water body in the monitored area decreased slightly. The values of turbidity,dissoved oxygen( DO),nitrate nitrogen( NO-3-N),total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and permanganate index( CODMn) in the monitoring area during the water diversion were higher than those before water diversion. The most significant area affected by the water diversion was the entrance to Gonghu Bay of Wangyu River and the middle area of Gonghu Bay. Dominant genus of algae is still microcystis,while the proportion of cyanobacteria species decreased and non-blue algae species such as green algae and diatoms increased. Affected by the water diversion,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index in the entrance to Gonghu Bay of Wangyu River and the middle area of Gonghu Bay were increased as well. However,the short-term water diversion in summer didn't significantly affect the algal community structure in the middle area of Taihu Lake. Meanwhile,the redundancy analyses of phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors by the use of CANOCO software showed that the p H,DO,NO-3-N,TN TP and CODMn were significantly correlated with the distribution of phytoplankton community in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu,which were the main environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton community.
引文
[1]Hosper H,Meyer ML.Control of phosphorus loading and flushing as restoration methods for Lake Veluwe,the Netherlands.Hydrobiological Bulletin,1986,20(1/2):183-194.DOI:10.1007/BF02291162.
[2]Welch EB,Barbiero RP,Bouchard D et al.Lake trophic state change and constant algal composition following dilution and diversion.Ecological Engineering,1992,1(3):173-197.DOI:10.1016/0925-8574(92)90001-I.
[3]Cui WC.Research on ecological effect in the lower reaches of Tarim River after water transport[Dissertation].Wulumuqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2004.[崔旺诚.塔里木河下游输水后生态效应研究[学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2004.]
[4]Ma JL.Water quality analysis after 9 years what water diversion from Qiantang River to West Lake.Environmental Pollution&Control,1996,18(5):31-33.[马玖兰.西湖引流钱塘江水9年后的水质分析.环境污染与防治,1996,18(5):31-33.]
[5]Shen AC.Influence of water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu through Wangyu River on water environment.Water Resources Protection,2002,(1):29-32.[沈爱春.望虞河引江对太湖的影响研究.水资源保护,2002,(1):29-32.]
[6]Wu SQ,Fan ZW,Zhou J et al.Simulation of sewage detention and transfer owing to water diversion measures and its risk analysis.Hydro-science and Engineering,2009,(2):1-8.[吴时强,范子武,周杰等.引江济太措施对太湖西北部湖区污水滞留和转移风险评估.水利水运工程学报,2009,(2):1-8.]
[7]Zhai SH,Guo MP.Prospect analysis on influence of water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu through Wangyu River on Lake Taihu.Water Resources Protection,1996,(4):12-15.[翟淑华,郭孟朴.望虞河引水对太湖影响前景分析.水资源保护,1996,(4):12-15.]
[8]Xu H,Qin BQ,Zhu GW.Nutrient Limitation of cyanobacterial growth in different regions of Lake Taihu in summer.China Environmental Science,2013,32(12):2230-2236.[许海,秦伯强,朱广伟.太湖不同湖区夏季蓝藻生长的营养盐限制研究.中国环境科学,2013,32(12):2230-2236.]
[9]Xu H,Paerl HW,Qin B et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.Limnology and Oceanography,2010,55(1):420-432.DOI:10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0420.
[10]Han BP,Li YT,Lin XD et al eds.Study on eutrophication status and control measures of large and medium Reservoirs in Guangdong Province.Beijing:Science Press,2003.[韩博平,李摇铁,林旭钿等.广东省大中型水库富营养化现状与防治对策研究.北京:科学出版社,2003.]
[11]Huang J.The collection and preservation of water sample.West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(2):256-257.[黄静.水样的采集和保存.西部探矿工程,2006,18(2):256-257.]
[12]Jin XC,Tu QY eds.Specifications for lake eutrophication survey:2nd Edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.[金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范:第2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.]
[13]He Y,Wang Z,Wei B et al.Dual-wavelength and double beam spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrate nitrogen in water.Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology,2006,15(9):1135-1135.[何漪,王钟,魏滨等.双波长双光束分光光度法测定水中硝酸盐氮.中国卫生检验杂志,2006,15(9):1135-1135.]
[14]Wei FS et al eds.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods.Beijing:China Environmental Press,2002.[魏复盛等.水和废水监测分析方法.北京:中国环境出版社,2002.]
[15]Song BJ,Meng XL,Zhang YL et al.UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of permanganate index of water.China Metrology,2009,(10):82-83.[宋保军,孟新立,张艳丽等.紫外分光光度法测定水中高锰酸盐指数.中国计量,2009,(10):82-83.]
[16]Feng QY,Chen S,Cheng Q et al.Research on extraction of chlorophyll a from phytoplankton by heat-ethanol method.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(29):14398-14399.[冯青英,陈盛,程麒等.应用热乙醇法提取浮游植物中叶绿素a的探讨.安徽农业科学,2012,40(29):14398-14399.]
[17]Ruan XH,Shi XD,Zhao ZH et al.Correlation between chlorophyll-a concentration and environmental factors in shallow lakes in plain river network areas of Suzhou.J Lake Sci,2008,20(5):556-562.DOI:10.18307/2008.0502.[阮晓红,石晓丹,赵振华等.苏州平原河网区浅水湖泊叶绿素a与环境因子的相关关系.湖泊科学,2008,20(5):556-562.]
[18]LüXY.Influence of water diversion on the growth of dominant eutrophic algae in Lake Taihu[Dissertation].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2012.[吕学研.调水引流对太湖富营养化优势藻的生长影响研究[学位论文].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2012.]
[19]Tian C.Variation of phytoplankton community and its driving factors in Hongze Lake[Dissertation].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.[田昌.洪泽湖浮游植物种群结构变化的水环境驱动因子分析[学位论文].济南:山东大学,2015.]
[20]Jiang Y.Influence of water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu on water quality and algae in water source location[Dissertation].Shanghai:Fudan University,2013.[姜宇.引江济太对太湖水源地水质及藻类影响研究[学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2013.]
[2]Welch EB,Barbiero RP,Bouchard D et al.Lake trophic state change and constant algal composition following dilution and diversion.Ecological Engineering,1992,1(3):173-197.DOI:10.1016/0925-8574(92)90001-I.
[3]Cui WC.Research on ecological effect in the lower reaches of Tarim River after water transport[Dissertation].Wulumuqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2004.[崔旺诚.塔里木河下游输水后生态效应研究[学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2004.]
[4]Ma JL.Water quality analysis after 9 years what water diversion from Qiantang River to West Lake.Environmental Pollution&Control,1996,18(5):31-33.[马玖兰.西湖引流钱塘江水9年后的水质分析.环境污染与防治,1996,18(5):31-33.]
[5]Shen AC.Influence of water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu through Wangyu River on water environment.Water Resources Protection,2002,(1):29-32.[沈爱春.望虞河引江对太湖的影响研究.水资源保护,2002,(1):29-32.]
[6]Wu SQ,Fan ZW,Zhou J et al.Simulation of sewage detention and transfer owing to water diversion measures and its risk analysis.Hydro-science and Engineering,2009,(2):1-8.[吴时强,范子武,周杰等.引江济太措施对太湖西北部湖区污水滞留和转移风险评估.水利水运工程学报,2009,(2):1-8.]
[7]Zhai SH,Guo MP.Prospect analysis on influence of water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu through Wangyu River on Lake Taihu.Water Resources Protection,1996,(4):12-15.[翟淑华,郭孟朴.望虞河引水对太湖影响前景分析.水资源保护,1996,(4):12-15.]
[8]Xu H,Qin BQ,Zhu GW.Nutrient Limitation of cyanobacterial growth in different regions of Lake Taihu in summer.China Environmental Science,2013,32(12):2230-2236.[许海,秦伯强,朱广伟.太湖不同湖区夏季蓝藻生长的营养盐限制研究.中国环境科学,2013,32(12):2230-2236.]
[9]Xu H,Paerl HW,Qin B et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.Limnology and Oceanography,2010,55(1):420-432.DOI:10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0420.
[10]Han BP,Li YT,Lin XD et al eds.Study on eutrophication status and control measures of large and medium Reservoirs in Guangdong Province.Beijing:Science Press,2003.[韩博平,李摇铁,林旭钿等.广东省大中型水库富营养化现状与防治对策研究.北京:科学出版社,2003.]
[11]Huang J.The collection and preservation of water sample.West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(2):256-257.[黄静.水样的采集和保存.西部探矿工程,2006,18(2):256-257.]
[12]Jin XC,Tu QY eds.Specifications for lake eutrophication survey:2nd Edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.[金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范:第2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.]
[13]He Y,Wang Z,Wei B et al.Dual-wavelength and double beam spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrate nitrogen in water.Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology,2006,15(9):1135-1135.[何漪,王钟,魏滨等.双波长双光束分光光度法测定水中硝酸盐氮.中国卫生检验杂志,2006,15(9):1135-1135.]
[14]Wei FS et al eds.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods.Beijing:China Environmental Press,2002.[魏复盛等.水和废水监测分析方法.北京:中国环境出版社,2002.]
[15]Song BJ,Meng XL,Zhang YL et al.UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of permanganate index of water.China Metrology,2009,(10):82-83.[宋保军,孟新立,张艳丽等.紫外分光光度法测定水中高锰酸盐指数.中国计量,2009,(10):82-83.]
[16]Feng QY,Chen S,Cheng Q et al.Research on extraction of chlorophyll a from phytoplankton by heat-ethanol method.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(29):14398-14399.[冯青英,陈盛,程麒等.应用热乙醇法提取浮游植物中叶绿素a的探讨.安徽农业科学,2012,40(29):14398-14399.]
[17]Ruan XH,Shi XD,Zhao ZH et al.Correlation between chlorophyll-a concentration and environmental factors in shallow lakes in plain river network areas of Suzhou.J Lake Sci,2008,20(5):556-562.DOI:10.18307/2008.0502.[阮晓红,石晓丹,赵振华等.苏州平原河网区浅水湖泊叶绿素a与环境因子的相关关系.湖泊科学,2008,20(5):556-562.]
[18]LüXY.Influence of water diversion on the growth of dominant eutrophic algae in Lake Taihu[Dissertation].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2012.[吕学研.调水引流对太湖富营养化优势藻的生长影响研究[学位论文].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2012.]
[19]Tian C.Variation of phytoplankton community and its driving factors in Hongze Lake[Dissertation].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.[田昌.洪泽湖浮游植物种群结构变化的水环境驱动因子分析[学位论文].济南:山东大学,2015.]
[20]Jiang Y.Influence of water diversion from Yangtze River to Lake Taihu on water quality and algae in water source location[Dissertation].Shanghai:Fudan University,2013.[姜宇.引江济太对太湖水源地水质及藻类影响研究[学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2013.]