黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复类型土壤游离氨基酸含量及其随季节动态分析
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摘要
为了解黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复类型各层次土壤游离氨基酸含量的变化,以及土壤游离氨基酸与土壤其他理化性质的关系,以黄土丘陵区恢复19 a的杏树林、沙棘林、刺槐林和草地为研究对象,以耕作相同年限农田为对照,分析不同植被恢复类型对土壤游离氨基酸(TFAA)含量的影响以及其随季节波动情况。结果表明,除杏树林外,退耕还林还草后的土壤游离氨基酸含量显著>农田,年平均含量排序为沙棘林(34.31μg·g~(-1))>刺槐林(31.87μg·g~(-1))≈草地(29.74μg·g~(-1))>农田(25.86μg·g~(-1))≈杏树林(24.11μg·g~(-1))(P<0.05),平均来看,随着土层加深,土壤游离氨基酸含量呈现增加趋势,0～10、10～20 cm和20～40 cm游离氨基酸含量分别为28.64、29.04μg·g~(-1)和29.86μg·g~(-1)。不同季节之间同种植被土壤游离氨基酸含量差异显著且随季节变化呈先降低后增加的变化趋势。在土层土壤游离氨基酸含量与各土壤基础指标无显著相关;在10～20 cm土层与土壤有机质显著正相关;在20～40 cm土层与土壤含水量显著负相关,由此可见,20～40 cm土层相对干燥的土壤环境有利于增加游离氨基酸含量。游离氨基酸作为植物有机氮源其含量随着植被类型、土层深度和季节变化,可考虑作为评价生态恢复效果的重要指标。
In order to understand the variations of the content of free amino acid in different soil layers,as well as the influence of different forest types on free amino acid content in Loess Plateau of China and to provide scientific basis for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration and selecting appropriate follow-up management measures,the effects of different vegetation restoration types on the content of total free amino acids(TFAA) of soil and their seasonal fluctuation were measured in 19-year abandoned farmland with plantations of Prunus armeniaca,Hipophae rhamnoides,Robinia pseudoacacia forests and grassland in the loess hilly region,and the cultivated land was used as control.The results showed that the conversion of cropland to forest and grass contributed to soil nitrogen accumulation except for P.armeniaca forest.The order of the TFAA content was H.rhamnoides forest(34.31 μg·g~(-1)) >R.pseudoacacia forest(31.87 μg·g~(-1))≈grassland(29.74 μg·g~(-1)) >Zea mays farmland(25.86 μg·g~(-1))≈P.armeniaca forest(24.11 μg·g~(-1))(P<0.05).The content of TFAA in the surface soil was higher than that in the deep soil in the same vegetation type.Season alternation had a significant influence on the content of TFAA in soil with the same type of plant and it exhibited a "decrease-increase" pattern along with the alterations of season.The content of TFAA in soil not exhibited significant correlation with other soil foundation indices in the soil from the layer of 0-10 cm,while it exhibited significant positive correlation with the soil organic matter content of the soil from the layers of 10-20 cm,and it exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil moisture content in the soil from the layer of 20-40 cm.The content of TFAA,which could be utilized as plant organic nitrogen source,changed with vegetation type,soil depth,and season,and it could be considered as an important index for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration.
In order to understand the variations of the content of free amino acid in different soil layers,as well as the influence of different forest types on free amino acid content in Loess Plateau of China and to provide scientific basis for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration and selecting appropriate follow-up management measures,the effects of different vegetation restoration types on the content of total free amino acids(TFAA) of soil and their seasonal fluctuation were measured in 19-year abandoned farmland with plantations of Prunus armeniaca,Hipophae rhamnoides,Robinia pseudoacacia forests and grassland in the loess hilly region,and the cultivated land was used as control.The results showed that the conversion of cropland to forest and grass contributed to soil nitrogen accumulation except for P.armeniaca forest.The order of the TFAA content was H.rhamnoides forest(34.31 μg·g~(-1)) >R.pseudoacacia forest(31.87 μg·g~(-1))≈grassland(29.74 μg·g~(-1)) >Zea mays farmland(25.86 μg·g~(-1))≈P.armeniaca forest(24.11 μg·g~(-1))(P<0.05).The content of TFAA in the surface soil was higher than that in the deep soil in the same vegetation type.Season alternation had a significant influence on the content of TFAA in soil with the same type of plant and it exhibited a "decrease-increase" pattern along with the alterations of season.The content of TFAA in soil not exhibited significant correlation with other soil foundation indices in the soil from the layer of 0-10 cm,while it exhibited significant positive correlation with the soil organic matter content of the soil from the layers of 10-20 cm,and it exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil moisture content in the soil from the layer of 20-40 cm.The content of TFAA,which could be utilized as plant organic nitrogen source,changed with vegetation type,soil depth,and season,and it could be considered as an important index for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration.
引文
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[2] 高英志,汪诗平,韩兴国,等.退化草地恢复过程中土壤氮素状况以及与植被地上绿色生物量形成关系的研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):285-293.GAO Y Z,WANG S P,HAN X G,et al.Soil nitrgen regime and the relationship between aboveground green phytobiomass and soil nitrogen fractions at different stocking rates in the xilin river basin,inner mongolia[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(3):285-294.(in Chinese)
[3] 章宪,范跃新,罗茜,等.凋落物和根系处理对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(2):39-44.ZHANG X,FAN Y X,LUO X,et al.Effects of litter and root treatments on soil nitrogen content of Chinese fir plantation[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources & Environment,2014,9(2):39-44.(in Chinese)
[4] 王文颖,刘俊.植物吸收利用有机氮营养研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1223-1228.
[5] DOU H T,ZHANG F S,LIU Q Q.Availability of soil organic nitrogen and its importance in the fertilization[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,1993,19(3):71-78.
[6] MURPHY D V,MACDONALD A J,STOCKDALE E A,et al.Soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,30(5/6):374-387.
[7] MCFARLAND J W,RUESS R W,KIELLAND K,et al.Glycine mineralization in situ closely correlates with soil carbon avail-ability across six North American forest ecosystems[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,99,175-191.
[8] GEISSELER D,HORWATH W R,JOERGENSEN R G,et al.Pathways of nitrogen utilization by soil micro organisms are view[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2010,42,2058-2067.
[9] OHLUND J,NASHOLM T.Regulation of organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake in scots pine(Pinus sylvestris) seedlings[J].Tree Physiol,2004,24:1397-1402.
[10] CHAPIN F S.New cog in the nitrogen cycle[J].Nature,1995,377:199-200.
[11] 李世清,李生秀,杨正亮.不同生态系统土壤氨基酸氮的组成及含量[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):379-386.
[12] VASILEVICH R S,BEZNOSIKOV V A.Amino acid composition of biochemistry humic substances in tundra soils [J].Eurasian Soil Science,2015,48(6):593-599.
[13] 严德翼,赵志萍.几种石灰性土壤游离氨基酸的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2009,37(4):341-342.
[14] 吴良欢,陶勤南.水稻氨基酸态氮营养效应及其机理研究[J].土壤学报,2000,37(4):464 -473.
[15] 王星,崔晓阳,郭亚芬,等.寒温带林区不同林型土壤中游离氨基酸的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(4):42-48.WANG X,CUI X Y,GUO Y F,et al.A study on free amino acid in different forest types soil of cold-temperate forest region[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2016,40(4):42-48.(in Chinese)
[16] 覃林,马雪珍,吴水荣,等.南亚热带典型乡土阔叶人工林与桉树人工林土壤微生物量氮及可溶性氮特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):678-684.QIN L,MA X Z,WU S R,et al.Characteristics of soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soluble nitrogen between typical native broad-leaved and Eucalyptus plantations in southern subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology,2017,23(4):678-684.(in Chinese)
[17] 史君怡,王国梁,刘国彬.退耕还林(草)对黄土高原不同土地利用方式下土壤剖面水分含量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):81-86.SHI J Y,WANG G L,LIU G B.Effect of graining for green on water content of soil profile under different land use patterns in the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil & Water Conservation,2018,25(2):81-86.(in Chinese)
[18] CHEN Y,WANG K,LIN Y,et al.Balancing green and grain trade[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,8 (10) :1-3.
[19] 崔静,黄佳健,陈云明,等.黄土丘陵区人工柠条林下草本植物物种多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(3):14-20.CUI J,HUANG J J,CHEN Y M,et al.Biodiversity of herbaceous species under caragana microphyllaplantations in Loess Hilly Region[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(3):14-20.(in Chinese)
[20] 曹瑞致,周自云,靳鹏博,等.黄土丘陵区不同立地条件下人工杜仲林土壤水分变化和生长规律研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):12-18.CAO R Z,ZHOU Z Y,JIN P B,et al.Dynamic regularities of soil water and growth in artificial eucommia ulmoides plantations with different site conditions in loess gullied-hilly regions.[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):12-18.(in Chinese)
[21] 何志华,朱岩峰,邱雅林,等.不同人为干预方式对子午岭植物群落组成及多样性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):87-95.HE Z H,ZHU Y F,QIU Y L,et al.Effects of human intervention on the composition and diversity of plant comunity in Ziwuling area[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(6):87-95.(in Chinese)
[22] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[23] JOERGENSEN R G.Quantification of microbial biomass by determining biochemistry ninhydrin-reactive N[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28:301-306.
[24] 郭新春,曹裕松,邢世和.闽北3种人工林土壤游离氨基酸组成及其差异研究[J].江西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(3):310-315.
[25] 崔旭东,杨承栋,何家庆,等.重茬对山杏苗圃地土壤氨基酸组分及含量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(4):512-520.CUI X D,YANG C D,HE J Q,et al.Analysis of soil amino acid's composition and content in Armeniaca sibirica?s seedling place[J].Forest Research,2009,22(4):512-520.(in Chinese)
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