农村金融扶贫:逻辑、实践与机制创新
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摘要
农村金融具有减贫增收功能,但这一功能受到金融门槛效应制约,需要通过政府与市场的有效结合,降低金融服务贫困人口的交易成本。文章基于中国健全农村普惠金融体系、完善扶贫小额贷款模式、创新合作金融组织模式、建立农村产权制度体系、加强特惠性政策支持等方面的实践探索,指出农村金融扶贫在顶层设计、供给主体金融需求、实践模式、制度保障、监督机制层面上存在的问题,并从法律体系、创新驱动、供求双方的协同发展、完善配套措施方面提出了农村金融扶贫的机制创新途径。
Rural financial development has positive effects on rising the poors income and reducing poverty,but the influence was restricted by the financial threshold. Thus,it is necessary for the government and market to coordinate to reduce the transaction cost of financial service for the poor so as to eliminate the credit constraints. This paper,based on the exploration on the improvement of rural inclusive financial systems,the poverty alleviation microfinance models,the innovated cooperative financial organization models,the establishment of the rural property rights system,and as well as the preferential policy support,argues that China needs to improve the top-level design of financial poverty alleviation,accelerate the growth of financial poverty alleviation subjects,strategically deal with the issues of hierarchical differentiation of poverty groups,establish a coordinated development model for financial poverty alleviation,and improve the supporting measures so as to deal with the existing problems in financial poverty alleviation.
Rural financial development has positive effects on rising the poors income and reducing poverty,but the influence was restricted by the financial threshold. Thus,it is necessary for the government and market to coordinate to reduce the transaction cost of financial service for the poor so as to eliminate the credit constraints. This paper,based on the exploration on the improvement of rural inclusive financial systems,the poverty alleviation microfinance models,the innovated cooperative financial organization models,the establishment of the rural property rights system,and as well as the preferential policy support,argues that China needs to improve the top-level design of financial poverty alleviation,accelerate the growth of financial poverty alleviation subjects,strategically deal with the issues of hierarchical differentiation of poverty groups,establish a coordinated development model for financial poverty alleviation,and improve the supporting measures so as to deal with the existing problems in financial poverty alleviation.
引文
(1)《脱贫攻坚进展显著势头好》,《人民日报》2018年3月8日。
(2)数据来源:笔者根据历年《中国农村统计年鉴》计算得到。
(3)联合国《2015年千年发展目标报告》。
(4)程恩江:《金融扶贫的新途径?中国贫困农村社区村级互助资金的发展探索》,《金融发展评论》2010年第2期。
(5)Koen Rossel-Cambier,“Do Multiple Financial Services Enhance the Poverty Outreach of Microfinance Institutions?”Working Papers,2010;Joseph Oscar Akotey,Charles Komla Delali Adjas,i“Does Microcredit Increase Household Welfare in the Absence of Microinsurance?”World Development,Vol.77,2016,pp.380-394.
(1)仝志辉、温铁军:《资本和部门下乡与小农户经济的组织化道路---兼对专业合作社道路提出质疑》,《开放时代》2009年第4期;温涛、朱炯、王小华:《中国农贷的“精英俘获”机制:贫困县与非贫困县的分层比较》,《经济研究》2016年第2期。
(2)张正平:《微型金融机构双重目标的冲突与治理:研究进展述评》,《经济评论》2011年第5期;温涛、刘达、王小华:《“双重底线”视角下微型金融机构经营效率的国际比较研究》,《中国软科学》2017年第4期。
(3)Peter Townsend,Poverty in the United Kingdom:A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living,Oakland:University of California Press,1979.
(4)叶普万:《贫困概念及其类型研究述评》,《经济学动态》2006年第7期。
(5)陈宗胜、沈扬扬、周云波:《中国农村贫困状况的绝对与相对变动---兼论相对贫困线的设定》,《管理世界》2013年第1期。
(6)杜晓山:《精准扶贫脱贫走共同富裕之路》,《农村金融研究》2016年第9期。
(7)Ragnar Nurkse,“Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries,”International Journal of Economics&Management,Vol.20,No.4,1954,pp.413-420.
(8)Gershon Feder,Lawrence J.Lau,Justin Y.Lin,Xiaopeng Luo,“The Relationship between Credit and Productivity in Chinese Agriculture:A Microeconomic Model of Disequilibrium,”American Journal of Agricultural Economics,Vol.72,No.5,1990,pp.1151-1157.
(9)Hans P.Binswanger,Shahidur R.Khandker,“The Impact of Formal Finance on the Rural Economy of India,”Policy Research Working Papers,Vol.32,No.2,1995,pp.234-262.
(10)Pham Bao Duong,Yoichi Izumida,“Rural Development Finance in Vietnam:A Microeconometric Analysis of Household Surveys,”World Development,Vol.30,No.2,2002,pp.319-335;Omotola Awojob,i“Microfinancing for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development:A Case for Nigeria,”International Research Journal of Finance&Economics,Vol.72,2010,pp.159-168.
(1)Marinos P.Giannopoulos,“Economic Growth and Financial Development:Empirical Analysis of Three Scandinavian Countries,”Operational Research,Vol.6,No.2,2006,pp.221-238.
(2)马九杰、吴本健:《利率浮动政策、差别定价策略与金融机构对农户的信贷配给》,《金融研究》2012年第4期。
(3)刘西川、杨奇明、陈立辉:《农户信贷市场的正规部门与非正规部门:替代还是互补?》,《经济研究》2014年第11期。
(4)Oghoator Igiebor Henry,“Reviving the Debate on Micro Finance as a Poverty Reduction and Development Policy Instrument:Edo State Micro Credit Scheme Revisited,”Developing Country Studies,Vol.5,No.8,2015,pp.37-45.
(5)Mike Adams,David Hillier.“The Effect of Captive Insurer Formation on Stock Returns:An Empirical Test from the UK,”Journal of Banking&Finance,Vol.24,No.11,2000,pp.1787-1807.
(6)熊德平等:《农村金融与农村经济协调发展的机制与模式研究》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009年。
(7)冯兴元、何梦笔、何广文:《试论中国农村金融的多元化---一种局部知识范式视角》,《中国农村观察》2004年第5期。
(8)Oded Galor,Joseph Zeira,“Income Distribution and Macroeconomics,”Review of Economic Studies,Vol.60,No.1,1993,pp.35-52.
(2)数据来源:笔者根据历年《中国农村统计年鉴》计算得到。
(3)联合国《2015年千年发展目标报告》。
(4)程恩江:《金融扶贫的新途径?中国贫困农村社区村级互助资金的发展探索》,《金融发展评论》2010年第2期。
(5)Koen Rossel-Cambier,“Do Multiple Financial Services Enhance the Poverty Outreach of Microfinance Institutions?”Working Papers,2010;Joseph Oscar Akotey,Charles Komla Delali Adjas,i“Does Microcredit Increase Household Welfare in the Absence of Microinsurance?”World Development,Vol.77,2016,pp.380-394.
(1)仝志辉、温铁军:《资本和部门下乡与小农户经济的组织化道路---兼对专业合作社道路提出质疑》,《开放时代》2009年第4期;温涛、朱炯、王小华:《中国农贷的“精英俘获”机制:贫困县与非贫困县的分层比较》,《经济研究》2016年第2期。
(2)张正平:《微型金融机构双重目标的冲突与治理:研究进展述评》,《经济评论》2011年第5期;温涛、刘达、王小华:《“双重底线”视角下微型金融机构经营效率的国际比较研究》,《中国软科学》2017年第4期。
(3)Peter Townsend,Poverty in the United Kingdom:A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living,Oakland:University of California Press,1979.
(4)叶普万:《贫困概念及其类型研究述评》,《经济学动态》2006年第7期。
(5)陈宗胜、沈扬扬、周云波:《中国农村贫困状况的绝对与相对变动---兼论相对贫困线的设定》,《管理世界》2013年第1期。
(6)杜晓山:《精准扶贫脱贫走共同富裕之路》,《农村金融研究》2016年第9期。
(7)Ragnar Nurkse,“Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries,”International Journal of Economics&Management,Vol.20,No.4,1954,pp.413-420.
(8)Gershon Feder,Lawrence J.Lau,Justin Y.Lin,Xiaopeng Luo,“The Relationship between Credit and Productivity in Chinese Agriculture:A Microeconomic Model of Disequilibrium,”American Journal of Agricultural Economics,Vol.72,No.5,1990,pp.1151-1157.
(9)Hans P.Binswanger,Shahidur R.Khandker,“The Impact of Formal Finance on the Rural Economy of India,”Policy Research Working Papers,Vol.32,No.2,1995,pp.234-262.
(10)Pham Bao Duong,Yoichi Izumida,“Rural Development Finance in Vietnam:A Microeconometric Analysis of Household Surveys,”World Development,Vol.30,No.2,2002,pp.319-335;Omotola Awojob,i“Microfinancing for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development:A Case for Nigeria,”International Research Journal of Finance&Economics,Vol.72,2010,pp.159-168.
(1)Marinos P.Giannopoulos,“Economic Growth and Financial Development:Empirical Analysis of Three Scandinavian Countries,”Operational Research,Vol.6,No.2,2006,pp.221-238.
(2)马九杰、吴本健:《利率浮动政策、差别定价策略与金融机构对农户的信贷配给》,《金融研究》2012年第4期。
(3)刘西川、杨奇明、陈立辉:《农户信贷市场的正规部门与非正规部门:替代还是互补?》,《经济研究》2014年第11期。
(4)Oghoator Igiebor Henry,“Reviving the Debate on Micro Finance as a Poverty Reduction and Development Policy Instrument:Edo State Micro Credit Scheme Revisited,”Developing Country Studies,Vol.5,No.8,2015,pp.37-45.
(5)Mike Adams,David Hillier.“The Effect of Captive Insurer Formation on Stock Returns:An Empirical Test from the UK,”Journal of Banking&Finance,Vol.24,No.11,2000,pp.1787-1807.
(6)熊德平等:《农村金融与农村经济协调发展的机制与模式研究》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009年。
(7)冯兴元、何梦笔、何广文:《试论中国农村金融的多元化---一种局部知识范式视角》,《中国农村观察》2004年第5期。
(8)Oded Galor,Joseph Zeira,“Income Distribution and Macroeconomics,”Review of Economic Studies,Vol.60,No.1,1993,pp.35-52.