实验研究洞穴地层的双侧向测井响应特征
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摘要
基于数值仿真构建缩小比例的双侧向测井实验平台,实现典型洞穴地层的深浅侧向电阻率测量及响应特征分析。研究洞穴尺寸、充填性质、发育位置和形状等参数对双侧向测井响应的影响,总结洞穴地层的双侧向测井响应规律,为洞穴地层的识别与评价奠定基础。研究表明:双侧向测井视电阻率随洞穴尺寸增大而减小;洞穴的电阻率与基岩对比度越大,双侧向视电阻率越低,响应特征越明显;洞穴离井眼越远,对双侧向测井响应贡献越小,视电阻率增大;球型洞穴和方型洞穴的双侧向测井响应差异大,球型洞穴对双侧向测井的径向贡献大于方形洞穴,但纵向贡献小于方形洞穴,基于测井曲线形态能大致反映洞穴形状。
A downscaled platform for dual laterolog experiment is established based on numerical simulations. Typical dual laterolog responses of the cavernous formation are conducted via the platform. Influential factors such as the cave size, infilling materials, caves position and shape are investigated to recognize the dual laterolog responses, aiming at discrimination and evaluation of the cavernous formation. The results show that the apparent resistivity of the dual laterolog decreases when the cave size increases. The apparent dual laterolog resistivity is negatively correlated with the ratio between the resistivity of the cave and the bedrock. In addition, the apparent resistivity is directly proportional to the distance between cave and wellbore. There is a significant difference in the laterolog response between the ellipsoidal cave and the square cave. Generally, the radial contribution of the ellipsoidal cave is larger than that of the square cave. However, the vertical contribution of the ellipsoidal cave is smaller than the radial contribution of the square cave. The cave shape can be roughly determined by the dual laterolog curves.
A downscaled platform for dual laterolog experiment is established based on numerical simulations. Typical dual laterolog responses of the cavernous formation are conducted via the platform. Influential factors such as the cave size, infilling materials, caves position and shape are investigated to recognize the dual laterolog responses, aiming at discrimination and evaluation of the cavernous formation. The results show that the apparent resistivity of the dual laterolog decreases when the cave size increases. The apparent dual laterolog resistivity is negatively correlated with the ratio between the resistivity of the cave and the bedrock. In addition, the apparent resistivity is directly proportional to the distance between cave and wellbore. There is a significant difference in the laterolog response between the ellipsoidal cave and the square cave. Generally, the radial contribution of the ellipsoidal cave is larger than that of the square cave. However, the vertical contribution of the ellipsoidal cave is smaller than the radial contribution of the square cave. The cave shape can be roughly determined by the dual laterolog curves.
引文
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[15] 柯式镇,冯启宁,袁秀荷,等.裂缝地层双侧向测井响应物理模拟研究[J].测井技术,2003,27(5):353-355.KE Shizhen,FENG Qining,YUAN Xiuhe,et al.On scale modeling of dual laterolog responses to fractured formation[J].Well Logging Technology,2003,27(5):353-355.
[2] 朱东亚,胡文碹,张学丰,等.塔河油田奥陶系灰岩埋藏溶蚀作用特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):57-62.ZHU Dongya,HU Wenxuan,ZHANG Xuefeng,et al.Characteristics of burial dissolution in the Ordovician limestone of Tahe Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):57-62.
[3] 李昌,周肖,寿建峰,等.FMI测井技术在川东北地区碳酸盐岩溶孔溶洞型储层评价中的应用[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):59-64.LI Chang,ZHOU Xiao,SHOU Jianfeng,et al.The application of FMI logging method in evaluation of dissolution pored/caved carbonate reservoirs[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2010,15(3):59-64.
[4] 钟大康,朱筱敏,王贵文,等.南襄盆地泌阳凹陷溶孔溶洞型白云岩储层特征与分布规律[J].地质论评,2004,50(2):162-169.ZHONG Dakang,ZHU Xiaomin,WANG Guiwen,et al.Characteristics and distribution of dissolved porous and caved dolomitic reservoirs in the Biyang Sag of the Naxiang Basin[J].Geological Review,2004,50(2):162-169.
[5] 马立桥,杨树锋,陈学时,等.渤海湾盆地南北两侧奥陶系古风壳储层的不同发育模式[J].高校地质学报,2007,13(1):96-104.MA Liqiao,YANG Shufeng,CHEN Xueshi,et al.Different genetic models of Ordoviclan carbonate weathered crust reservoirs and petroleum exploration trend in the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2007,13(1):96-104.
[6] 赵军,李宗杰,虞兵,等.洞穴充填程度的声波测井数值模拟与定量评价[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2013,21(6):1070-1077.ZHAO Jun,LI Zongjie,YU Bing,et al.Acoustic logging numerical simulation and quantitative evaluation of cave filling degree[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2013,21(6):1070-1077.
[7] 马晖.利用测井方法识别和评价塔河油田岩溶溶洞[J].断块油气田,2012,19(2):266-269.MA Hui.Identification and evaluation of karst caves with well logging method in Tahe Oilfield[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2012,19(2):266-269.
[8] 钟广法,刘瑞林,柳建华,等.塔北隆起奥陶系古岩溶的电成像测井识别[J].天然气工业,2004,24(6):57-60.ZHONG Guangfa,LIU Ruilin,LIU Jianhua,et al.Identifying the paleocaves in Ordovician in Tabei Uplift by electro-imaging logs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(6):57-60.
[9] 杨邦伟,谭茂金,陈莹.用成像测井资料描述碳酸盐岩储集层:以车古20潜山为例[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(3):234-238.YANG Bangwei,TAN Maojin,CHEN Ying.Description of Chegu 20 buried-hill reservoir in Futai field with imaging well logging data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007,29(3):234-238.
[10] 鲁国明.济阳坳陷碳酸盐岩油藏储层评价及有效厚度研究[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):155-159.LU Guoming.Reservoir evaluation and effective pay thickness study of carbonate reservoir in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2011,33(2):155-159.
[11] 唐晓明,魏周拓,苏远大,等.偶极横波远探测测井技术进展及其应用[J].测井技术,2013,37(4):333-340.TANG Xiaoming,WEI Zhoutuo,SU Yuanda,et al.A Review on the progress and application of dipole acoustic reflection imaging technology[J].Well Logging Technology,2013,37(4):333-340.
[12] 高杰,刘传奇,万金彬.裂缝性储层双侧向测井响应临界角影响因素分析[J].测井技术,2012,36(5):456-459.GAO Jie,LIU Chuanqi,WAN Jinbin.Effect factors on critical angle of dual laterolog responses in fractured reservoir[J].Well Logging Technology,2012,36(5):456-459.
[13] 南泽宇,李军,贾丽华,等.低阻碳酸盐岩储层双侧向裂缝响应模拟及定量评价[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(5):2224-2230.NAN Zeyu,LI Jun,JIA Lihua,et al.Simulation and quantitative evaluation of dual-laterolog response of fracture in low-resistivity carbonate reservoir[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(5):2224-2230.
[14] 范宜仁,王磊,葛新民,等.洞穴型地层双侧向测井响应模拟与特征分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):237-243.FAN Yiren,WANG Lei,GE Xinmin,et al.Response simulation and corresponding analysis of dual laterolog in cavernous reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):237-243.
[15] 柯式镇,冯启宁,袁秀荷,等.裂缝地层双侧向测井响应物理模拟研究[J].测井技术,2003,27(5):353-355.KE Shizhen,FENG Qining,YUAN Xiuhe,et al.On scale modeling of dual laterolog responses to fractured formation[J].Well Logging Technology,2003,27(5):353-355.