大型露天深孔台阶爆破炸药单耗选取的影响因素
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摘要
为了取得很好的爆破效果,达到最佳经济效益,根据爆破炸药单耗是影响爆破效果的关键因素,且最低炸药单耗并不等于最佳经济效益的情况,分析了爆破单耗选取的影响因素。基于大型露天矿山深孔台阶爆破炸药单耗的选取,分析了岩石性质、岩石结构面、块度要求、炮孔排数、台阶高度、炮孔直径、装药结构、钻孔质量等因素变化对炸药单耗选取的影响,得出不同工程或者工程某个阶段爆破炸药单耗选取的侧重点,提出了在基准炸药单耗的基础上考虑影响因素后加入修正系数的一种选取方法,并把单次爆破时所需的单耗和工程整体单耗做了区分和联系,结合工程实例验证了炸药单耗选取时考虑各种因素后加入修正系数,可以有效地校准综合炸药单耗;校准后的炸药单耗,利于对爆破飞散物和爆堆的松散度和炮脚控制,不仅可以更好的实现爆破安全,而且能获得最好的经济效益,此大型露天矿山深孔台阶爆破炸药单耗的选取方法对类似工程有借鉴作用。
In order to obtain good blasting effect and achieve the best economic benefit, according to the fact that the specific consumption of explosive is the key factor affecting the blasting effect, and the lowest specific consumption of explosive is not equal to the best economic benefit, the factors influencing the selection of the specific consumption of explosive are analyzed. Based on the selection of explosive specific consumption for deep-hole bench blasting in large open pit mines, the effects of rock properties, rock structural planes, fragmentation requirements, number of boreholes, bench height, borehole diameter, charge structure and borehole quality on blasting effectiveness are analyzed. The emphases of choosing explosive specific consumption in different projects or at a certain stage of the project are obtained. A method of choosing the correction coefficient after considering the influencing factors on the basis of the reference explosive specific consumption is put forward, The specific consumption required in single blasting is distinguished from that of the whole project. Combining with engineering examples, it is proved that the correction coefficient can be added after considering various factors in the selection of explosive specific consumption, which can effectively calibrate the comprehensive explosive specific consumption. The selection method of explosive specific consumption for deep hole bench blasting in large open pit mines can be used for reference in similar projects.
In order to obtain good blasting effect and achieve the best economic benefit, according to the fact that the specific consumption of explosive is the key factor affecting the blasting effect, and the lowest specific consumption of explosive is not equal to the best economic benefit, the factors influencing the selection of the specific consumption of explosive are analyzed. Based on the selection of explosive specific consumption for deep-hole bench blasting in large open pit mines, the effects of rock properties, rock structural planes, fragmentation requirements, number of boreholes, bench height, borehole diameter, charge structure and borehole quality on blasting effectiveness are analyzed. The emphases of choosing explosive specific consumption in different projects or at a certain stage of the project are obtained. A method of choosing the correction coefficient after considering the influencing factors on the basis of the reference explosive specific consumption is put forward, The specific consumption required in single blasting is distinguished from that of the whole project. Combining with engineering examples, it is proved that the correction coefficient can be added after considering various factors in the selection of explosive specific consumption, which can effectively calibrate the comprehensive explosive specific consumption. The selection method of explosive specific consumption for deep hole bench blasting in large open pit mines can be used for reference in similar projects.
引文
[1] 李战军,温健强,郑炳旭.露天铁矿爆破开采炸药单耗预测[J].金属矿山,2009,44(7):33-35.LI Z J,WEN J Q,ZHENG B X.Forecast of the unit explosive consumption for blasting in open-pit iron mine[J].Metal Mine,2009,44(7):33-35.
[2] 陈运轩.炸药单耗非定常因素的探讨[J].爆破,1989,6 (4) :23-26.CHEN Y X.Discussion on unsteady factors of explosive consumption[J].Blasting,1989,6(4):23-26.
[3] 刘慧,冯淑瑜.炸药单耗对爆破块度分布影响的理论探讨[J].爆炸与冲击,1997,17(4):359-362.LIU H,FENG S Y.Theoretical study on the influence of explosive consumption on blasting fragmentation distribution[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1997,17(4):359-362.
[4] 汪旭光.爆破设计与施工[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011:228.WANG X G.Blasting design and construction[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2011:228.
[5] 丁一鸣,池恩安,张修玉,等.不同岩层倾向与台阶坡面位置关系下的爆破效果[J].金属矿山,2012(9):40-42.DING Y M ,CHI E A ,ZHANG X Y ,et al.Blasting efect comparison of diferent spatial position relationship between rock strata dip and bench slop[J].Metal Mine,2012(9):40-42.
[6] 刘华柏.中深孔台阶爆破降低炸药单耗方法的探索[J].江西理工大学学报,2009,30(3):7-9.LIU H B.Exploration of reducing the specific consumption of explosives in medium deep hole blasting[J].Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2009,30(3):7-9.
[7] 郑建平.浅谈露天矿降低炸药单耗的有效手段[C]// 川鲁冀晋琼粤辽七省金属学会.第22届川鲁冀晋琼粤辽七省矿业学术交流论文集,2015:176-180.ZHENG J P.Talking about the effective means to reduce the consumption of explosives in open pit mines[C]// Metal Society of Chuan/Lu/Jin/Qiong/Yue/Liao provinces proceedings of the twenty-second academic conference on mining in Chuan/Lu/Jin/Qiong/Yue/Liao provinces,2015:176-180.
[8] 大昌建设集团有限公司.春晓干岙茅洋山建筑石料矿工程竣工验收报告[R].2018-08-16.Dachang Construction Group Co.,Ltd.Report on acceptance and acceptance of construction stone mine project of Maoyang Mountain in Chunxiao[R].2018-08-16.
[9] 张中雷,管志强,李厚龙,等.城区复杂环境213 t炸药大区深孔爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2016,22(5):77-82.ZHANG Z L,GUAN Z Q,LI H L,et al.Blasting technique of 213 t dynamite large-scale deep-hole in complex environment of urban area[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(5):77-82.
[2] 陈运轩.炸药单耗非定常因素的探讨[J].爆破,1989,6 (4) :23-26.CHEN Y X.Discussion on unsteady factors of explosive consumption[J].Blasting,1989,6(4):23-26.
[3] 刘慧,冯淑瑜.炸药单耗对爆破块度分布影响的理论探讨[J].爆炸与冲击,1997,17(4):359-362.LIU H,FENG S Y.Theoretical study on the influence of explosive consumption on blasting fragmentation distribution[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1997,17(4):359-362.
[4] 汪旭光.爆破设计与施工[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011:228.WANG X G.Blasting design and construction[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2011:228.
[5] 丁一鸣,池恩安,张修玉,等.不同岩层倾向与台阶坡面位置关系下的爆破效果[J].金属矿山,2012(9):40-42.DING Y M ,CHI E A ,ZHANG X Y ,et al.Blasting efect comparison of diferent spatial position relationship between rock strata dip and bench slop[J].Metal Mine,2012(9):40-42.
[6] 刘华柏.中深孔台阶爆破降低炸药单耗方法的探索[J].江西理工大学学报,2009,30(3):7-9.LIU H B.Exploration of reducing the specific consumption of explosives in medium deep hole blasting[J].Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2009,30(3):7-9.
[7] 郑建平.浅谈露天矿降低炸药单耗的有效手段[C]// 川鲁冀晋琼粤辽七省金属学会.第22届川鲁冀晋琼粤辽七省矿业学术交流论文集,2015:176-180.ZHENG J P.Talking about the effective means to reduce the consumption of explosives in open pit mines[C]// Metal Society of Chuan/Lu/Jin/Qiong/Yue/Liao provinces proceedings of the twenty-second academic conference on mining in Chuan/Lu/Jin/Qiong/Yue/Liao provinces,2015:176-180.
[8] 大昌建设集团有限公司.春晓干岙茅洋山建筑石料矿工程竣工验收报告[R].2018-08-16.Dachang Construction Group Co.,Ltd.Report on acceptance and acceptance of construction stone mine project of Maoyang Mountain in Chunxiao[R].2018-08-16.
[9] 张中雷,管志强,李厚龙,等.城区复杂环境213 t炸药大区深孔爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2016,22(5):77-82.ZHANG Z L,GUAN Z Q,LI H L,et al.Blasting technique of 213 t dynamite large-scale deep-hole in complex environment of urban area[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(5):77-82.
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