查干湖大型底栖动物的分布特征及影响因素
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摘要
以查干湖为研究区,通过实地采样与统计方法,分析了大型底栖动物群落结构时空特征及与水环境因子的相关性。经调查鉴定,查干湖有大型底栖动物3门3纲5目9科18属24种,主要以软体动物门和节肢动物门为主,平水期和丰水期以双翅目、基眼目和中腹足目为主,平水期分别占15. 79%、42. 11%和36. 84%;丰水期分别占25. 00%、41. 67%和16. 67%。平水期底栖生物平均密度为93. 71 ind/m2,优势种为瑞士水丝蚓(Limnodrilus helveticus)、花翅前突摇蚊(Procladius choreus)、平盘螺(V.cristata)和西伯利亚盘螺(Valvata sibirica);丰水期平均密度为69. 71 ind/m2,优势种为瑞士水丝蚓(Limnodrilus helveticus)、白旋螺(Gyraulus albus)和平盘螺(V.cristata)。t检验发现,平水期和丰水期大型底栖动物密度无显著性差异(P=0. 637)。基于Bray-Curtis相似性计算的聚类分析发现,查干湖底栖动物类型在丰水期和平水期具有不同的空间聚集特征。相关分析结果表明:平水期大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与亚硝氮呈显著正相关;丰水期大型底栖动物Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与温度呈显著正相关。
Taking Chagan lake as the research area,using field sampling and statistical methods,the spatial and temporal characteristics of macrozoobenthic community structure and their correlations with water environment factors were analyzed. The results indicated that there were 3 phyla,3 classes,5 orders,9 families,18 genura and 24 species of macrozoobenthos in the Chagan lake. The main species were mollusca and arthropoda. The rainy season and the intermediate season were dominated by Diptera,Basommatophora and Mesogastropoda,with 15. 79%,42. 11% and 36. 84% respectively in the intermediate season and 25. 00%,41. 67% and 16. 67% respectively in the rainy season. The average density of the intermediate season was 93. 71 ind/m2. The dominant species were Limnodrilus helveticus,Procladius choreus,V.cristata and Valvata sibirica. The average density in the rainy season was 69. 71 ind/m2,and the dominant species were Limnodrilus helveticus,Gyraulus albus and V. cristata. However,t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the density of macrozoobenthos between the intermediate season and the rainy season( P = 0. 637).Cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity calculation suggested that the benthic species in the Chagan lake had different spatial clustering characteristics in the intermediate season and the rainy season,respectively. Correlation analysis showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index of macrozoobenthos was significantly positively correlated with nitrite nitrogen in the intermediate season.Margalef species richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of macrozoobenthos in the rainy season were significantly positively correlated with temperature.
Taking Chagan lake as the research area,using field sampling and statistical methods,the spatial and temporal characteristics of macrozoobenthic community structure and their correlations with water environment factors were analyzed. The results indicated that there were 3 phyla,3 classes,5 orders,9 families,18 genura and 24 species of macrozoobenthos in the Chagan lake. The main species were mollusca and arthropoda. The rainy season and the intermediate season were dominated by Diptera,Basommatophora and Mesogastropoda,with 15. 79%,42. 11% and 36. 84% respectively in the intermediate season and 25. 00%,41. 67% and 16. 67% respectively in the rainy season. The average density of the intermediate season was 93. 71 ind/m2. The dominant species were Limnodrilus helveticus,Procladius choreus,V.cristata and Valvata sibirica. The average density in the rainy season was 69. 71 ind/m2,and the dominant species were Limnodrilus helveticus,Gyraulus albus and V. cristata. However,t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the density of macrozoobenthos between the intermediate season and the rainy season( P = 0. 637).Cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity calculation suggested that the benthic species in the Chagan lake had different spatial clustering characteristics in the intermediate season and the rainy season,respectively. Correlation analysis showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index of macrozoobenthos was significantly positively correlated with nitrite nitrogen in the intermediate season.Margalef species richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of macrozoobenthos in the rainy season were significantly positively correlated with temperature.
引文
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[21]李晓静,周政权,陈琳琳,等.山东烟台大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落特征[J].生物多样性,2016,24(2):157-165.
[22]陈亚瞿,徐兆礼,王云龙,等.长江口河口锋区浮游动物生态研究Ⅰ生物量及优势种的平面分布[J].中国水产科学,1995(1):49-58.
[23] Pringle C M,Freeman M C,Freeman B J. Regional effects of hydrologic alterations on riverine macrobiota in the New World:tropical-temperate comparisons the massive scope of large dams and other hydrologic modifications in the temperate New World has resulted in distinct regional trends of bio[J].Bioscience,2000,50(9):807-823.
[24]冯剑丰,王秀明,孟伟庆,等.天津近岸海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5875-5885.
[25]胡成龙,姜加虎,陈宇炜,等.湖北省湖泊大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].生态环境学报,2014,1(1):129-138.
[26] Yang Q R,Chen Q W. Relationship between macroinvertebrates and aquatic environment in Lijiang River[J]. Advances in Science&Technology of Water Resources,2010,30(6):8-38.
[27] Cooper M J,Uzarski D G,Burton T M. Macroinvertebrate community composition in relation to anthropogenic disturbance,vegetation,and organic sediment depth in four Lake Michigan drowned river-mouth wetlands[J]. Wetlands,2007,27(4):894-903.
[28] Benka A C.Aecondary production of aquatic insects[M]. New York:Praeger Scientific,1984:289-322.
[2]王备新,杨莲芳.大型底栖无脊椎动物水质快速生物评价的研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(4):107-111.
[3] Li J,Li W. Biological indicator and environmental protection[J]. Yunnan Environmental Science,2001,1(20):51-54.
[4] Tagliapietra D,Sigovini M.Benthic fauna:collection and identification of macrobenthic invertebrates[J]. Terreet Environnement,2010,88:253-261.
[5]熊春晖,张瑞雷,季高华,等.江苏滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):927-936.
[6]殷旭旺,李庆南,朱美桦,等.渭河丰、枯水期底栖动物群落特征及综合健康评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4784-4796.
[7] Suren A M,Jowett I G. Effects of floods versus low flows on invertebrates in a New Zealand gravel-bed river[J]. Freshwater Biology,2006,51(12):2207-2227.
[8]左倬,陈煜权,成必新,等.不同植物配置下人工湿地大型底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):953-960.
[9] RabeníC F,Doisy K E,Zweig L D. Stream invertebrate community functional responses to deposited sediment[J]. Aquatic Sciences,2005,67(4):395-402.
[10]段洪涛,张柏,刘殿伟,等.查干湖水体光谱荧光峰特征与叶绿素α响应关系研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,2006,25(5):355-359.
[11]李然然,章光新,张蕾.查干湖湿地浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2663-2673.
[12] Xiao H F,Xue B,Yao S C,et al. Water quality of lakes evolution in Songnen Plain[J]. Wetland Science,2011,9(2):120-124.
[13]王俊才,王新华.中国北方摇蚊幼虫[M].北京:中国言实出版社,2011:59-267.
[14]刘月英.中国经济动物志淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:1-126.
[15]王洪铸.中国小蚓类研究:附中国南极长城站附近地区两新种[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:34-108.
[16]何志辉.淡水生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1994:124-334.
[17] Shannon C E,Weaver W. The Mathe-matical Theory of Communciation[M]. Illonois:Univerdity of Illonois,1963:1-144.
[18] Margalef R. Perspective in Ecological Theory[J]. Journal of Ecology,1968,59(1):308-309.
[19] Pielou E C,Levandowsky M. Ecological diversity[J]. Quarterly Review of Biology,1975,37(4):21-23.
[20]刘晓收,史书杰,周红,等.渤海大型底栖动物多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].广西科学,2015(5):540-548.
[21]李晓静,周政权,陈琳琳,等.山东烟台大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落特征[J].生物多样性,2016,24(2):157-165.
[22]陈亚瞿,徐兆礼,王云龙,等.长江口河口锋区浮游动物生态研究Ⅰ生物量及优势种的平面分布[J].中国水产科学,1995(1):49-58.
[23] Pringle C M,Freeman M C,Freeman B J. Regional effects of hydrologic alterations on riverine macrobiota in the New World:tropical-temperate comparisons the massive scope of large dams and other hydrologic modifications in the temperate New World has resulted in distinct regional trends of bio[J].Bioscience,2000,50(9):807-823.
[24]冯剑丰,王秀明,孟伟庆,等.天津近岸海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5875-5885.
[25]胡成龙,姜加虎,陈宇炜,等.湖北省湖泊大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].生态环境学报,2014,1(1):129-138.
[26] Yang Q R,Chen Q W. Relationship between macroinvertebrates and aquatic environment in Lijiang River[J]. Advances in Science&Technology of Water Resources,2010,30(6):8-38.
[27] Cooper M J,Uzarski D G,Burton T M. Macroinvertebrate community composition in relation to anthropogenic disturbance,vegetation,and organic sediment depth in four Lake Michigan drowned river-mouth wetlands[J]. Wetlands,2007,27(4):894-903.
[28] Benka A C.Aecondary production of aquatic insects[M]. New York:Praeger Scientific,1984:289-322.
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