基于广义S变换的气云区地震振幅补偿方法
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摘要
地震波能量被吸收造成地震资料中气云区形成大片的反射"空白区",导致气云区实际地层的Q值难以准确估算,影响了通过Q值反演对气云区衰减能量进行补偿的效果。提出了一种基于广义S变换的时频域气云区地震补偿方法,首先通过广义S变换对地震数据进行分频处理,然后拟合各频段地震资料的衰减函数,最后分别在时间域、频率域对各频段地震资料进行补偿。该方法避免了对实际地层Q值的估算,克服了实际地层Q值求不准的难点。同时,通过引入广义S变换作为分频函数,有效避免了常规分频函数对地震数据分频精度不高的问题。该方法能够有效补偿由于气云吸收衰减作用造成的能量衰减。实际气云区地震资料处理振幅补偿效果较好,具有一定的工业应用价值。
The attenuation of seismic wave energy results in a large reflection "blank area" in the gas cloud area. It is difficult to accurately estimate the Q factor of the actual formation in the gas cloud area, which affects the compensation of the attenuation energy in the gas cloud area based on the Q factor inversion. In this paper, a compensation method in time-frequency domain based on generalized S-transform for seismic in gas cloud area is proposed. Firstly, the seismic data is divided into several frequency bands based on generalized S-transform. Secondly, the attenuation function of the seismic data is fitted corresponding to each frequency band. Finnally, the seismic amplitude compensation of each frequency band is compensated in the time-frequency domain respectively. This method avoids the estimation of the Q factor, which overcomes the difficulty of estimating accurate Q factor of the actual formation. Meanwhile, by introducing generalized S-transform as frequency-division function, the seismic data frequency division accuracy is effectively improved while comparing to that of conventional frequency-division function. Based on this method, seismic amplitude caused by gas cloud absorption and attenuation can be effectively compensated. This method is applied in real seismic data processing of gas cloud area, and it shows good amplitude compensation effect, which has certain industrial application value.
The attenuation of seismic wave energy results in a large reflection "blank area" in the gas cloud area. It is difficult to accurately estimate the Q factor of the actual formation in the gas cloud area, which affects the compensation of the attenuation energy in the gas cloud area based on the Q factor inversion. In this paper, a compensation method in time-frequency domain based on generalized S-transform for seismic in gas cloud area is proposed. Firstly, the seismic data is divided into several frequency bands based on generalized S-transform. Secondly, the attenuation function of the seismic data is fitted corresponding to each frequency band. Finnally, the seismic amplitude compensation of each frequency band is compensated in the time-frequency domain respectively. This method avoids the estimation of the Q factor, which overcomes the difficulty of estimating accurate Q factor of the actual formation. Meanwhile, by introducing generalized S-transform as frequency-division function, the seismic data frequency division accuracy is effectively improved while comparing to that of conventional frequency-division function. Based on this method, seismic amplitude caused by gas cloud absorption and attenuation can be effectively compensated. This method is applied in real seismic data processing of gas cloud area, and it shows good amplitude compensation effect, which has certain industrial application value.
引文
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[17] STOCKWELL R G,MANSINHA L,LOWE R P.Locatization of the complex spectrum:The S-transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[18] 高静怀, 陈文超, 李幼铭,等.广义S 变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):527-532.GAO Jinghuai,CHEN Wenchao,LI Youming,et al.Generalized S transform and seismic response of thin interbeds[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(4):527-532.
[2] 田立新,夏庆龙,刘春成,等.多分量地震勘探在渤海海域的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):78-83.TIAN Lixin,XIA Qinglong,LIU Chuncheng,et al.Application of multiple component seismic exploration in Penglai 19-3 Oilfield,Bohai Bay[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):78-83.
[3] STORY C,PENG P,HEUBECK C,et al.A shallow carbonate reservoir developed using ultrahigh-resolution 3-D seismic,inversion,and attribute-based reservoir modeling[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19(8):834-910.
[4] CAFARELLI B,MADTSON E,KRAIL P,et al.3-D gas cloud imaging of the Donald Field with converted waves[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1162-1165.
[5] 张志军,周东红.数据驱动的“气云”区振幅补偿方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):474-479,505.ZHANG Zhijun,ZHOU Donghong.The study of seismic amplitude compensation in gas cloud area based on a data-driven algorithm[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):474-479,505.
[6] THOMSEN L.Converted-wave reflection seismology over inhomogeneous,anisotropy media[J].Geophysics,1999,3:678-690.
[7] GRANLI J R,SOLLID A,HILDE E.Imaging through gas-filled sediments with marine S-wave data[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995:352-355.
[8] 李彦鹏,孙鹏远,魏庚雨,等.利用陆上三分量数据改善气云区构造成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):417-424.LI Yanpeng,SUN Pengyuan,WEI Gengyu,et al.Using 3-C land seismic data to improve structural imaging in gas chimney area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(4):417-424.
[9] LIU Chuncheng,XIA Qinglong.Offshore multi-wave seismic exploration in Bohai[J].Applied Geophysics,2004,1(1):26-31.
[10] HE Hanyi,ZHOU Hongzhang,FU Dandan.Multicomponent seismic exploration in Yinggehai Basin[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):914-920.
[11] CAVALCA M,MOORE I,ZHANG L,et al.Ray-based tomography for Q estimation and Q compensation in complex media[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011:3989-3993.
[12] TIAN Kun,HUANG Jianping,BU Changcheng.Viscoacoustic reverse time migration by adding a regularization term[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015:4127-4131.
[13] 李合群,孟小红,赵波.地震数据Q吸收补偿应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):190-195.LI Hequn,MENG Xiaohong,ZHAO Bo.Application studies on Q absorption and compensation for seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):190-195.
[14] 严红勇,刘洋.地震资料Q值估算与反Q滤波研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):606-615.YAN Hongyong,LIU Yang.A summary of study on estimation of Q and inverse Q filtering for seismic wave[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(2):606-615.
[15] 王文闯,李合群.混合法Q吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):244-248.WANG Wenchuang,LI Hequn.A hybrid method for Q-compensation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):244-248.
[16] 马昭军,刘洋. 地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.MA Zhaojun,LIU Yang.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[17] STOCKWELL R G,MANSINHA L,LOWE R P.Locatization of the complex spectrum:The S-transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[18] 高静怀, 陈文超, 李幼铭,等.广义S 变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):527-532.GAO Jinghuai,CHEN Wenchao,LI Youming,et al.Generalized S transform and seismic response of thin interbeds[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(4):527-532.