我国毕业博士职业选择与发展影响因素的实证研究——以涉农学科为例
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摘要
利用已毕业博士的调查数据,探究个人特征和博士生教育经历对博士职业选择与发展的影响,结果表明:有学术职业期望、论文发表更多、积极参与学术交流活动、得到充足导师指导的博士更有可能选择学术职业;男性、父亲单位类型为民营、三资、私营企业、东部生源、有学术参与和非学术参与经历、论文发表更多、得到充足学校支持的博士毕业后会获得更好的职业发展。此外,影响学术和非学术劳动力市场中博士职业发展的关键因素、博士职业发展客观表现和主观匹配的影响因素存在差异。
Employing the data of the graduated doctoral students,it explored the influence of personal characteristic and doctoral education experience on doctorate students' career choice and development.It found that the doctoral students who had academic aspiration,participated in academic activities,acquired more guidance from their supervisor and published more academic papers,were more likely to choose academic profession;the male doctoral students,whose father worked in the private enterprise or joint venture,born in the eastern region,had higher academic engagement,published more,and get more support from the universities could get better career development after graduation.
Employing the data of the graduated doctoral students,it explored the influence of personal characteristic and doctoral education experience on doctorate students' career choice and development.It found that the doctoral students who had academic aspiration,participated in academic activities,acquired more guidance from their supervisor and published more academic papers,were more likely to choose academic profession;the male doctoral students,whose father worked in the private enterprise or joint venture,born in the eastern region,had higher academic engagement,published more,and get more support from the universities could get better career development after graduation.
引文
[1]MCALPINE L,EMMIOGLU E.Navigating Careers:Perceptions of Sciences Doctoral Students,Post-PhDResearchers and Pre-tenure Academics[J].Studies in Higher Education,2015,40(10):1770-1785.
[2]HANCOCK S,WALSH E.Beyond Knowledge and Skills:Rethinking the Development of Professional I-dentity during the STEM Doctorate[J].Studies in Higher Education,2016,41(1):37-50.
[3]FOX M F,STEPHAN P E.Careers of Young Scientists:Preferences,Prospects and Realities by Gender and Field[J].Social Studies of Science,2001,31(1):109-122.
[4]LEE H,MIOZZO M,LAREDO P.Career Patterns and Competences of PhDs in Science and Engineering in the Knowledge Economy:The Case of Graduates from a UK Research-based University[J].Research Policy,2010,39(7):869-881.
[5]NOHARA H,LANCIANO M.Societal Production and Careers of PhDs in Chemistry and Biochemistry in France and Japan[J].European journal of higher education,2013,3(2):191-205.
[6]SCHWABE M.The Career Paths of Doctoral Graduates in Austria[J].European Journal of Education,2011,46(1):153-168.
[7]FITZENBERGER B,SCHULZE U.Up or Out:Research Incentives and Career Prospects of Postdocs in Germany[J].German Economic Review,2014,15(2):287-328.
[8]小林信一.プロフェッショナルとしての博士---博士人材の初期キャリアの現状と課題(特集プロフェッショナルの労働市場)[J].日本労働研究雑誌,2010,52:70-83.
[9]罗英姿,陈小满,李雪辉.基于培养过程的博士生科研绩效提升策略研究[J].教育发展研究,2018,38(9):50-54.
[10][12]鲍威.未完成的转型---普及化阶段首都高等教育的人才培养与学生发展[J].北京大学教育评论,2010,8(1):27-44.
[11]ASTIN A W.Student Involvement:A Developmental Theory for Higher Education[J].Journal of College Student Personnel,1984,25(4):297-308.
[13]FLORES L Y,NAVARRO R L,ALI S R.The State of SCCT Research in Relation to Social Class:Future Directions[J].Journal of Career Assessment,2017,25(1):6-23.
[14]EVERS A,SIEVERDING M.Academic Career Intention beyond the PhD:Can the Theory of Planned Behavior Explain Gender Differences?[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2014,45(3):158-172.
[15][19][40][42]MANGEMATIN V,MANDRAN N,CROZET A.The Careers of Social Science Doctoral Graduates in France:The Influence of How the Research Was Carried Out[J].European Journal of Education,2000,35(1):111-124.
[16]MOERBEEK H H S,FLAP H D.Social Resources and Their Effect on Occupational Attainment through the Life Course[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2008,137(4):2270.
[17]VERHAEGHE P P,LI Y,PUTTE B V D.Socio-economic and Ethnic Inequalities in Social Capital from the Family among Labour Market Entrants[J].European Sociological Review,2013,29(4):683-694.
[18]边燕杰,张文宏,程诚.求职过程的社会网络模型:检验关系效应假设[J].社会,2012,32(3):24-37.
[20][41]CONTI A,VISENTIN F.A Revealed Preference Analysis of PhD Students’Choices over Employment Outcomes[J].Research Policy,2015,44(10):1931-1947.
[21]BONNAL L,GIRET J F.Determinants of Access to Academic Careers in France[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2010,19(5):437-458.
[22][45]MANGEMATIN V.PhD Job Market:Professional Trajectories and Incentives during the PhD[J].Research Policy,2000,29(6):741-756.
[23]HERRERA L,NIETO M.PhD Careers in Spanish Industry:Job Determinants in Manufacturing Versus Non-manufacturing Firms[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2016,113(12):341-351.
[24]HASSELBACK J,REINSTEIN A,ABDOLMO-HAMMADI M.Benchmarking the Research Productivity of Accounting Doctorates[J].Issues in Accounting Education,2012,27(4):943-978.
[25]董泽芳.博士生创新能力的提高与培养模式改革[J].高等教育研究,2009,30(5):51-56.
[26]CUTHBERT D,MOLLA T.PhD Crisis Discourse:ACritical Approach to the Framing of the Problem and Some Australian‘Solutions’[J].Higher Education,2015,69(1):33-53.
[27]JACKSON D,MICHELSON G.Factors Influencing the Employment of Australian PhD Graduates[J].Studies in Higher Education,2015,40(9):1660-1678.
[28][34]蒋承.博士生学术职业期望的影响因素研究---一个动态视角[J].北京大学教育评论,2011,9(3):45-55.
[29]黄梅,范巍.不同年龄段博士职业发展质量性别差异实证研究---基于劳动力市场转型背景下体制内就业的分析视角[J].中国行政管理,2011,(11):110-114.
[30]赵世奎,范巍,李汉邦.博士学位获得者职业发展状况及其影响因素---基于职务晋升和学术生产视角的实证分析[J].高等工程教育研究,2011,(1):148-151.
[31][35]罗英姿,刘泽文,张佳乐,等.基于IPOD框架的博士生教育质量研究---以涉农学科为例[J].高等教育研究,2017,38(5):55-63.
[32]谷志远.我国学术职业流动影响因素的实证研究---基于“学术职业的变革-中国大陆”问卷调查[J].清华大学教育研究,2010,31(3):73-79.
[33]张英丽.我国博士生的学术职业选择及影响因素[J].高教探索,2009,(2):22-25.
[36]鲍威,陈杰,万蜓婷.我国“985工程”的运行机制与投入成效分析:基于国际比较与实证研究的视角[J].复旦教育论坛,2016,14(3):20-22.
[37]沈红.论学术职业的独特性[J].北京大学教育评论,2011,9(3):18-28.
[38]范巍,蔡学军,成龙.我国博士毕业生就业状况与趋势分析[J].教育发展研究,2010,(7):79-81.
[39]罗英姿,刘泽文,陈小满,等.博士生教育质量IPOD评价模型构建与实证分析---基于六所高校1107名毕业博士的数据[J].教育科学,2018,34(3):67-74.
[43][58]HERRERA L,NIETO M.The Determinants of Firms’PhD Recruitment to Undertake R&D Activities[J].European Management Journal,2015,33(2):132-142.
[44]ROACH M,SAUERMANN H.A Taste for Science?PhD Scientists’Academic Orientation and Self-selection into Research Careers in Industry[J].Research Policy,2010,39(3):422-434.
[46]阎光才.我国学术职业环境的现状与问题分析[J].高等教育研究,2011,32(11):1-9.
[47]HOUT M.Social and Economic Returns to College Education in the United States[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2012,38(1):379-400.
[48]STEVENS M L,ARMSTRONG E A,ARUM R.Sieve,Incubator,Temple,Hub:Empirical and Theoretical Advances in the Sociology of Higher Education[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2008,34(1):127-151.
[49]阎光才.学术系统的分化结构与学术精英的生成机制[J].高等教育研究,2010,31(3):1-11.
[50][56]GOKHBERG L,SHMATKO N,AURIOL L.The Science and Technology Labor Force[M].Springer International Publishing,2016.
[51]樊士德,姜德波.劳动力流动与地区经济增长差距研究[J].中国人口科学,2011,(2):27-38.
[52]李志峰,沈红.基于学术职业专业化的高校教师政策创新[J].高等工程教育研究,2006,(5):61-64.
[53]KOT F C,HENDEL D D.Emergence and Growth of Professional Doctorates in the United States,United Kingdom,Canada and Australia:A Comparative Analysis[J].Studies in Higher Education,2012,37(3):345-364.
[54]PRICE E,COFFEY B,NETHERY A.An Early Career Academic Network:What Worked and What Didn’t[J].Journal of Further&Higher Education,2015,39(5):1-19.
[55][66]BOUD D,TENNANT M.Putting Doctoral Education to Work:Challenges to Academic Practice[J].Higher Education Research&Development,2006,25(3):293-306.
[57]周光礼,马海泉.教学学术能力:大学教师发展与评价的新框架[J].教育研究,2013,34(8):37-47.
[59]MCALPINE L,TURNER G.Imagined and Emerging Career Patterns:Perceptions of Doctoral Students and Research Staff[J].Journal of Further&Higher Education,2012,36(4):535-548.
[60]李志峰,浦文轩,刘进.权力与学术职业分层---学校权力对高校教师职务晋升影响的实证研究[J].高等教育研究,2013,34(7):28-34.
[61][63]BOUD D,TENNANT M.Putting Doctoral Education to Work:Challenges to Academic Practice[J].Higher Education Research&Development,2006,25(3):293-306.
[62]SMITH D D,MONTROSSE B E.Special Education Doctoral Programs[J].Teacher Education&Special Education the Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children,2012,35(2):101-113.
[64]蒋承,范皑皑,张恬.大学生就业预期匹配程度研究:以北京市为例[J].高等教育研究,2014,35(3):34-39.
[65]孙泽厚.大学毕业生人力资源合理配置的影响因素[J].武汉市经济管理干部学院学报,2002,16(1):35-38.
[2]HANCOCK S,WALSH E.Beyond Knowledge and Skills:Rethinking the Development of Professional I-dentity during the STEM Doctorate[J].Studies in Higher Education,2016,41(1):37-50.
[3]FOX M F,STEPHAN P E.Careers of Young Scientists:Preferences,Prospects and Realities by Gender and Field[J].Social Studies of Science,2001,31(1):109-122.
[4]LEE H,MIOZZO M,LAREDO P.Career Patterns and Competences of PhDs in Science and Engineering in the Knowledge Economy:The Case of Graduates from a UK Research-based University[J].Research Policy,2010,39(7):869-881.
[5]NOHARA H,LANCIANO M.Societal Production and Careers of PhDs in Chemistry and Biochemistry in France and Japan[J].European journal of higher education,2013,3(2):191-205.
[6]SCHWABE M.The Career Paths of Doctoral Graduates in Austria[J].European Journal of Education,2011,46(1):153-168.
[7]FITZENBERGER B,SCHULZE U.Up or Out:Research Incentives and Career Prospects of Postdocs in Germany[J].German Economic Review,2014,15(2):287-328.
[8]小林信一.プロフェッショナルとしての博士---博士人材の初期キャリアの現状と課題(特集プロフェッショナルの労働市場)[J].日本労働研究雑誌,2010,52:70-83.
[9]罗英姿,陈小满,李雪辉.基于培养过程的博士生科研绩效提升策略研究[J].教育发展研究,2018,38(9):50-54.
[10][12]鲍威.未完成的转型---普及化阶段首都高等教育的人才培养与学生发展[J].北京大学教育评论,2010,8(1):27-44.
[11]ASTIN A W.Student Involvement:A Developmental Theory for Higher Education[J].Journal of College Student Personnel,1984,25(4):297-308.
[13]FLORES L Y,NAVARRO R L,ALI S R.The State of SCCT Research in Relation to Social Class:Future Directions[J].Journal of Career Assessment,2017,25(1):6-23.
[14]EVERS A,SIEVERDING M.Academic Career Intention beyond the PhD:Can the Theory of Planned Behavior Explain Gender Differences?[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2014,45(3):158-172.
[15][19][40][42]MANGEMATIN V,MANDRAN N,CROZET A.The Careers of Social Science Doctoral Graduates in France:The Influence of How the Research Was Carried Out[J].European Journal of Education,2000,35(1):111-124.
[16]MOERBEEK H H S,FLAP H D.Social Resources and Their Effect on Occupational Attainment through the Life Course[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2008,137(4):2270.
[17]VERHAEGHE P P,LI Y,PUTTE B V D.Socio-economic and Ethnic Inequalities in Social Capital from the Family among Labour Market Entrants[J].European Sociological Review,2013,29(4):683-694.
[18]边燕杰,张文宏,程诚.求职过程的社会网络模型:检验关系效应假设[J].社会,2012,32(3):24-37.
[20][41]CONTI A,VISENTIN F.A Revealed Preference Analysis of PhD Students’Choices over Employment Outcomes[J].Research Policy,2015,44(10):1931-1947.
[21]BONNAL L,GIRET J F.Determinants of Access to Academic Careers in France[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2010,19(5):437-458.
[22][45]MANGEMATIN V.PhD Job Market:Professional Trajectories and Incentives during the PhD[J].Research Policy,2000,29(6):741-756.
[23]HERRERA L,NIETO M.PhD Careers in Spanish Industry:Job Determinants in Manufacturing Versus Non-manufacturing Firms[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2016,113(12):341-351.
[24]HASSELBACK J,REINSTEIN A,ABDOLMO-HAMMADI M.Benchmarking the Research Productivity of Accounting Doctorates[J].Issues in Accounting Education,2012,27(4):943-978.
[25]董泽芳.博士生创新能力的提高与培养模式改革[J].高等教育研究,2009,30(5):51-56.
[26]CUTHBERT D,MOLLA T.PhD Crisis Discourse:ACritical Approach to the Framing of the Problem and Some Australian‘Solutions’[J].Higher Education,2015,69(1):33-53.
[27]JACKSON D,MICHELSON G.Factors Influencing the Employment of Australian PhD Graduates[J].Studies in Higher Education,2015,40(9):1660-1678.
[28][34]蒋承.博士生学术职业期望的影响因素研究---一个动态视角[J].北京大学教育评论,2011,9(3):45-55.
[29]黄梅,范巍.不同年龄段博士职业发展质量性别差异实证研究---基于劳动力市场转型背景下体制内就业的分析视角[J].中国行政管理,2011,(11):110-114.
[30]赵世奎,范巍,李汉邦.博士学位获得者职业发展状况及其影响因素---基于职务晋升和学术生产视角的实证分析[J].高等工程教育研究,2011,(1):148-151.
[31][35]罗英姿,刘泽文,张佳乐,等.基于IPOD框架的博士生教育质量研究---以涉农学科为例[J].高等教育研究,2017,38(5):55-63.
[32]谷志远.我国学术职业流动影响因素的实证研究---基于“学术职业的变革-中国大陆”问卷调查[J].清华大学教育研究,2010,31(3):73-79.
[33]张英丽.我国博士生的学术职业选择及影响因素[J].高教探索,2009,(2):22-25.
[36]鲍威,陈杰,万蜓婷.我国“985工程”的运行机制与投入成效分析:基于国际比较与实证研究的视角[J].复旦教育论坛,2016,14(3):20-22.
[37]沈红.论学术职业的独特性[J].北京大学教育评论,2011,9(3):18-28.
[38]范巍,蔡学军,成龙.我国博士毕业生就业状况与趋势分析[J].教育发展研究,2010,(7):79-81.
[39]罗英姿,刘泽文,陈小满,等.博士生教育质量IPOD评价模型构建与实证分析---基于六所高校1107名毕业博士的数据[J].教育科学,2018,34(3):67-74.
[43][58]HERRERA L,NIETO M.The Determinants of Firms’PhD Recruitment to Undertake R&D Activities[J].European Management Journal,2015,33(2):132-142.
[44]ROACH M,SAUERMANN H.A Taste for Science?PhD Scientists’Academic Orientation and Self-selection into Research Careers in Industry[J].Research Policy,2010,39(3):422-434.
[46]阎光才.我国学术职业环境的现状与问题分析[J].高等教育研究,2011,32(11):1-9.
[47]HOUT M.Social and Economic Returns to College Education in the United States[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2012,38(1):379-400.
[48]STEVENS M L,ARMSTRONG E A,ARUM R.Sieve,Incubator,Temple,Hub:Empirical and Theoretical Advances in the Sociology of Higher Education[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2008,34(1):127-151.
[49]阎光才.学术系统的分化结构与学术精英的生成机制[J].高等教育研究,2010,31(3):1-11.
[50][56]GOKHBERG L,SHMATKO N,AURIOL L.The Science and Technology Labor Force[M].Springer International Publishing,2016.
[51]樊士德,姜德波.劳动力流动与地区经济增长差距研究[J].中国人口科学,2011,(2):27-38.
[52]李志峰,沈红.基于学术职业专业化的高校教师政策创新[J].高等工程教育研究,2006,(5):61-64.
[53]KOT F C,HENDEL D D.Emergence and Growth of Professional Doctorates in the United States,United Kingdom,Canada and Australia:A Comparative Analysis[J].Studies in Higher Education,2012,37(3):345-364.
[54]PRICE E,COFFEY B,NETHERY A.An Early Career Academic Network:What Worked and What Didn’t[J].Journal of Further&Higher Education,2015,39(5):1-19.
[55][66]BOUD D,TENNANT M.Putting Doctoral Education to Work:Challenges to Academic Practice[J].Higher Education Research&Development,2006,25(3):293-306.
[57]周光礼,马海泉.教学学术能力:大学教师发展与评价的新框架[J].教育研究,2013,34(8):37-47.
[59]MCALPINE L,TURNER G.Imagined and Emerging Career Patterns:Perceptions of Doctoral Students and Research Staff[J].Journal of Further&Higher Education,2012,36(4):535-548.
[60]李志峰,浦文轩,刘进.权力与学术职业分层---学校权力对高校教师职务晋升影响的实证研究[J].高等教育研究,2013,34(7):28-34.
[61][63]BOUD D,TENNANT M.Putting Doctoral Education to Work:Challenges to Academic Practice[J].Higher Education Research&Development,2006,25(3):293-306.
[62]SMITH D D,MONTROSSE B E.Special Education Doctoral Programs[J].Teacher Education&Special Education the Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children,2012,35(2):101-113.
[64]蒋承,范皑皑,张恬.大学生就业预期匹配程度研究:以北京市为例[J].高等教育研究,2014,35(3):34-39.
[65]孙泽厚.大学毕业生人力资源合理配置的影响因素[J].武汉市经济管理干部学院学报,2002,16(1):35-38.