贵州武陵山区柚种质资源调查及消长分析
|
摘要
贵州武陵山区地方柚资源种植历史悠久,存在很多农家品种优良株系,为给贵州柚新品种选育提供材料,并保护有价值的品种资源,通过文献检索、走访座谈、实地考察、抗病鉴定和分子标记对该地区的柚资源种类进行调查,根据调查结果对该地区种质资源的消长原因进行分析并提出发展建议。结果表明:共收集到印江红香柚、印江红橙、利王柚、红橙、思南红橙、石阡红香柚、石阡红橙、德江红橙Ⅰ、德江红橙Ⅱ及德江白橙10个农家品种,植株最长树龄达200余年,多数分布于农村房前屋后。收集到的柚农家品种均为晚熟品种,座果率高,丰产,无裂果现象,耐贮和耐寒性强,平均单果重500~1 500g。在这些种质资源中存在柑橘嵌合体植株(德江红橙)、高抗溃疡病(印江红香柚和利王柚),以及商品性能较好的光滑小果型白橙。造成当地柚资源消长的原因是零星种植的农家品种株系有些商品价值较低,从而使其处于无人管理状态,甚至被砍伐销毁。此外,一些新品种在生产上的推广应用使地方品种逐渐被淘汰。因此,需从保护和弘扬少数民族传统文化以及加大优势资源的研究和开发等方面着手,从而保护和利用当地柚资源。
There are many excellent local pomelo lines in Wuling Mountainous Area,Guizhou due to a long history of pomelo cultivation.The species of pomelo resources were investigated by information retrieval,interview,field visit,disease resistant identification and molecular marker methods.The growth and decline of pomelo germplasm resources is analyzed according to the investigation results and the suggestions to develop and protect pomelo germplasm resources are proposed to provide new materials for pomelo breeding and protection of valuable pomelo germplasm resources.Result:10 local pomelo varieties of Yinjiang Red Fragrant Pomelo,Yinjiang Blood Orange,Liwang Pomelo,Blood Orange Sinan Blood Orange,Shiqian Red Fragrant Pomelo;Dejiang Blood Orange I and Dejiang Blood Orange II are mostly distributed around the houses in rural area and the age of some pomelo trees reaches 200 years.The collected local pomelo varieties belong to late maturity varieties with the advantages of higher fruit setting rate,high yield,non-dehiscent fruit,strong storage ability and strong cold tolerance and the single fruit weight is 500~1 500 g.There are citrus chimera plant(Dejiang Red Citrus),highly resistance to canker(Yinjiang Red Fragrant Pomelo and Liwang Pomelo)and white orange with a small fruit type and good commodity performance in these germplasm resources.The reasons for pomelo growth and decline are that some local varieties with a lower commodity value are in the unattended situation and some local varieties are eliminated gradually due to popularization of new varieties in pomelo production.Therefore,The local pomelo germplasm resources should be protected and utilized form aspects of protecting and developing ethnic traditional culture and increasing research and development of superior resources.
There are many excellent local pomelo lines in Wuling Mountainous Area,Guizhou due to a long history of pomelo cultivation.The species of pomelo resources were investigated by information retrieval,interview,field visit,disease resistant identification and molecular marker methods.The growth and decline of pomelo germplasm resources is analyzed according to the investigation results and the suggestions to develop and protect pomelo germplasm resources are proposed to provide new materials for pomelo breeding and protection of valuable pomelo germplasm resources.Result:10 local pomelo varieties of Yinjiang Red Fragrant Pomelo,Yinjiang Blood Orange,Liwang Pomelo,Blood Orange Sinan Blood Orange,Shiqian Red Fragrant Pomelo;Dejiang Blood Orange I and Dejiang Blood Orange II are mostly distributed around the houses in rural area and the age of some pomelo trees reaches 200 years.The collected local pomelo varieties belong to late maturity varieties with the advantages of higher fruit setting rate,high yield,non-dehiscent fruit,strong storage ability and strong cold tolerance and the single fruit weight is 500~1 500 g.There are citrus chimera plant(Dejiang Red Citrus),highly resistance to canker(Yinjiang Red Fragrant Pomelo and Liwang Pomelo)and white orange with a small fruit type and good commodity performance in these germplasm resources.The reasons for pomelo growth and decline are that some local varieties with a lower commodity value are in the unattended situation and some local varieties are eliminated gradually due to popularization of new varieties in pomelo production.Therefore,The local pomelo germplasm resources should be protected and utilized form aspects of protecting and developing ethnic traditional culture and increasing research and development of superior resources.
引文
[1]景士西.关于编制我国果树种质资源评价系统若干问题的商榷[J].园艺学报,1993,20(4):353-357.
[2]叶荫民.柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck]种质多样化中心探讨[J].中国南方果树,1997,26(1):3-5.
[3]江东.柑桔种质资源收集、保存、鉴定与利用[C].中国农业科学院.中国农业科学院2005年多年生和无性繁殖作物种植资源共享试点研讨会.广州,2005:129-138.
[4]刘旭,郑殿升,黄兴奇.云南及周边地区农业生物资源调查[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:501-504.
[2]叶荫民.柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck]种质多样化中心探讨[J].中国南方果树,1997,26(1):3-5.
[3]江东.柑桔种质资源收集、保存、鉴定与利用[C].中国农业科学院.中国农业科学院2005年多年生和无性繁殖作物种植资源共享试点研讨会.广州,2005:129-138.
[4]刘旭,郑殿升,黄兴奇.云南及周边地区农业生物资源调查[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:501-504.