3种湿地植物对农田沟渠水体氮、磷的消减作用
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摘要
由于农业生产过程中过量施放化肥,农田氮、磷流失从而对周边水体产生一定的面源污染。为探讨水生植物种植对农田排水沟渠中流失氮、磷的吸附拦截效果,在农田沟渠内种植水芹Oenanthe javanica,石菖蒲Acorus tatarinowii和刺苦草Vallisneria spinulosa,测定植物对农田沟渠内氮、磷营养物质的消减作用。结果表明:通过种植植物,沟渠内总氮去除率为56.18%～74.58%,铵态氮去除率为36.23%～59.33%,硝态氮去除率为34.35%～66.88%,总磷去除率为44.38%～76.35%;随水流路径的延长沟渠中氮、磷的质量浓度均呈递减趋势;随时间增加,沟渠内各采样点氮、磷质量浓度呈明显下降趋势。表明水芹、石菖蒲和刺苦草对农田沟渠中氮、磷具有较好的去除效果,可应用于湖泊及其周边等污染水体的生态修复治理。
Due to heavy fertilizer application and improper management in the process of agricultural production, large amounts of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in farmlands have been lost and have affected surrounding water bodies. To study the effect of aquatic plants on the absorption of N and P in farmland drainage ditches, Oenanthe javanica, Acorus tatarinowii, and Vallisneria spinulosa were planted in ecological ditches. In June 2015, the change of N and P content with the water flow in the ditch were estimated through field investigation and laboratory bioassay. Results showed that plants in ditches had a total nitrogen(TN) removal rate of56.18%-74.58%, an ammonium(NH_4~+) nitrogen removal rate of 36.23%-59.33%, a nitrate(NO_3~-) nitrogen removal rate of 34.35%-66.88%, and a total phosphorus(TP) removal rate of 44.38%-76.35%. From the point of view of the monitoring sites, the concentration of N and P in ditches decreased overall with a prolonged water flow path. Also, with an increase in time, the concentration of N and P in different sampling sites showed a strong downward movement. Thus, this study could be a guide for ecological restoration projects in lakes or other water bodies with aquatic plants.
Due to heavy fertilizer application and improper management in the process of agricultural production, large amounts of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in farmlands have been lost and have affected surrounding water bodies. To study the effect of aquatic plants on the absorption of N and P in farmland drainage ditches, Oenanthe javanica, Acorus tatarinowii, and Vallisneria spinulosa were planted in ecological ditches. In June 2015, the change of N and P content with the water flow in the ditch were estimated through field investigation and laboratory bioassay. Results showed that plants in ditches had a total nitrogen(TN) removal rate of56.18%-74.58%, an ammonium(NH_4~+) nitrogen removal rate of 36.23%-59.33%, a nitrate(NO_3~-) nitrogen removal rate of 34.35%-66.88%, and a total phosphorus(TP) removal rate of 44.38%-76.35%. From the point of view of the monitoring sites, the concentration of N and P in ditches decreased overall with a prolonged water flow path. Also, with an increase in time, the concentration of N and P in different sampling sites showed a strong downward movement. Thus, this study could be a guide for ecological restoration projects in lakes or other water bodies with aquatic plants.
引文
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[2]唐浩,熊丽君,黄沈发,等.农业面源污染防治研究现状与展望[J].环境科学与技术, 2011(增刊2):107-112.TANG Hao, XIONG Lijun, HUANG Shenfa, et al. Review on the charictaristic and control measurements of agricultural non-point source pollution[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2011(suppl 2):107-112.
[3]崔键,马友华,赵艳萍,等.农业面源污染的特性及防治对策[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(1):335-340.CUI Jian, MA Youhua, ZHAO Yanping, et al. Characteristic and countermeasures for control and prevention of multiple area-pollution in agriculture[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2006, 22(1):335-340.
[4]章明奎.我国农业面源污染可持续防控对策与技术的探讨[J].浙江农业科学, 2015, 56(1):10-14.ZHANG Mingkui. Research progress of the sustainable control and methods of non-point source pollution in China[J]. J Zhejiang Agric Sci, 2015, 56(1):10-14.
[5]张坤,张海珍,于文涛.我国农业面源污染成因分析[J].现代农业科技, 2017(12):191, 204.ZHANG Kun, ZHANG Haizhen, YU Wentao. Formation mechanism of non-point source pollution in China[J]. Modern Agric Sci Technol, 2017(12):191, 204.
[6]黄晶晶,林超文,陈一兵,等.中国农业面源污染的现状及对策[J].安徽农学通报, 2006, 12(12):47-48.HUANG Jingjing, LIN Chaowen, CHEN Yibing, et al. Actualities and countermeasures of non-point pollution of agriculture in China[J]. Anhui Agric Sci Bull, 2006, 12(12):47-48.
[7]朱德龙,杨春妍.农村面源污染现状与防治[J].辽宁科技大学学报, 2010, 33(4):415-417.ZHU Delong, YANG Chunyan. Current situation and countermeasures of rural non-point source pollution[J]. J Univ Sci Technol Liaoning, 2010, 33(4):415-417.
[8]宋家永,李英涛,宋宇,等.农业面源污染的研究进展[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(11):362-365.SONG Jiayong, LI Yingtao, SONG Yu, et al. Research and prospect on non-point pollution from agriculture[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2010, 26(11):362-365.
[9]刘洁,马友华,石润圭,等.巢湖流域农业面源污染现状分析及防治对策思考[J].农业环境与发展, 2008(6):13-16.LIU Jie, MA Youhua, SHI Rungui, et al. Status analysis and measures taken for non-point source pollution in Chao Lake Basin[J]. Agro-Environ Dev, 2008(6):13-16.
[10]王桂苓,马友华,石润圭,等.巢湖流域种植业面源污染现状与防治对策[J].中国农学通报, 2008, 24(11):242-245.WANG Guiling, MA Youhua, SHI Rungui, et al. Current situation and control measures of non-point source pollution in Chaohu River Basin[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2008, 24(11):242-245.
[11]柴世伟,裴晓梅,张亚雷,等.农业面源污染及其控制技术研究[J].水土保持学报, 2007, 20(6):192-195.CHAI Shiwei, PEI Xiaomei, ZHANG Yalei, et al. Research on agricultural diffuse pollution and controlling technology[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2007, 20(6):192-195.
[12] COLEMAN J, HENCH K, GARBUTT K, et al. Treatment of domestic wastewater by three plant species in constructed wetlands[J]. Water Air Soil Pollut, 2001, 128(3/4):283-295.
[13]徐红灯,席北斗,王京刚,等.水生植物对农田排水沟渠中氮、磷的截留效应[J].环境科学研究, 2007, 20(2):84-88.XU Hongdeng, XI Beidou, WANG Jinggang, et al. Study on the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus by macrophyte in agriculture drainage ditch[J]. Res Environ Sci, 2007, 20(2):84-88.
[14]钱银飞,邓国强,陈先茂,等.沟渠不同水生植物对双季稻田氮磷污染物净化效果的研究[J].江西农业学报, 2015, 27(12):103-106.QIAN Yinfei, DENG Guoqiang, CHEN Xianmao, et al. Purifying effects of different aquatic macrophytes in ditch on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from paddy field of double-cropping rice[J]. Acta Agric Jiangxi, 2015, 27(12):103-106.
[15]张树楠,肖润林,刘锋,等.生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物的拦截效应[J].环境科学, 2015, 36(12):4516-4522.ZHANG Shunan, XIAO Runlin, LIU Feng, et al. Interception effects of vegetated drainage ditch on nitrogen and phosphorus from drainage ditches[J]. Environ Sci, 2015, 36(12):4516-4522.
[16]江波,杨书运,马友华,等.耕作方式对圩区冬小麦温室气体排放通量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2014, 41(2):241-247.JIANG Bo, YANG Shuyun, MA Youhua, et al. Effects on emission of greenhouse gas by different tillage treatments to winter wheat in polder areas[J]. J Anhui Agric Univ, 2014, 41(2):241-247.
[17]国家环境保护局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水检测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB 3838-2002中华人民共和国地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002.
[19]李家科,高志新,汪琴琴,等.不同水深下多级串联人工湿地对城市地面径流的净化效果[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(3):125-133.LI Jiake, GAO Zhixin, WANG Qinqin, et al. Purification effects of multi-level series constructed wetlands on urban surface runoff under differ water depths[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2014, 28(3):125-133.
[20]姜翠玲,范晓秋,章亦兵.农田沟渠挺水植物对N, P的吸收及二次污染防治[J].中国环境科学, 2004, 24(6):702-706.JIANG Cuiling, FAN Xiaoqiu, ZHANG Yibing. Absorption and prevention of secondary pollution of N and P by emergent plants in farmland ditch[J]. China Environ Sci, 2004, 24(6):702-706.
[21]种云霄,胡洪营,钱易.大型水生植物在水污染治理中的应用研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2003, 4(2):36-40.ZHONG Yunxiao, HU Hongying, QIAN Yi. Advances in utilization of macrophytes in water pollution control[J].Tech Equip Environ Pollut Control, 2003, 4(2):36-40.
[22]陈海生,王光华,宋仿跟,等.生态沟渠对农业面源污染物的截留效应研究[J].江西农业学报, 2010, 22(7):121-124.CHEN Haisheng, WANG Guanghua, SONG Fanggen, et al. Retention and removal effects of ecological ditch on agrichutural non-point source pollutants[J]. Acta Agric Jiangxi, 2010, 22(7):121-124.
[23]翟丽华,刘鸿亮,席北斗,等.农业源头沟渠沉积物氮磷吸附特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(4):1359-1363.ZHAI Lihua, LIU Hongliang, XI Beidou, et al. Property of nitrogen and phosphate adsorption on sediments in headwater ditches[J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2008, 27(4):1359-1363.
[24]徐红灯,席北斗,翟丽华.沟渠沉积物对农田排水中氨氮的截留效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(5):1924-1928.XU Hongdeng, XI Beidou, ZHAI Lihua. Interception effect of ditch sediment on NH4+-N in agricultural drainage ditch[J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2007, 26(5):1924-1928.
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