含一组贯通节理岩体强度的各向异性分析
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摘要
节理岩体是一种连续和非连续介质共存的地质体,其强度具有显著的各向异性,为了研究岩体强度的各向异性特征,基于能统一处理连续和非连续问题的数值流形方法(NMM),编制弹塑性NMM计算程序,并对不同应力状态下,节理倾角和节理间距不同的岩体压缩试验进行数值模拟.计算结果表明:当节理倾角较小岩体不沿节理滑移破坏时,岩体强度仍会受到节理的削弱而降低;岩体强度-节理倾角曲线呈现出非对称的"勺形";岩体强度随节理间距变化曲线符合负指数函数变化规律;节理间距对岩体强度的影响具有各向异性;岩体强度的各向异性随着围压增大而减弱.通过对数值计算结果进行回归分析,基于新的节理分布参数,提出适用于含一组贯通节理岩体的强度预测模型.该模型综合考虑了节理倾角、节理间距和围压对岩体强度的影响,可更好地为地下工程提供技术支持.
Jointed rock mass is a kind of geologic body containing both continuum and discontinuum,which leads to its strength significant anisotropic.The numerical manifold method(NMM)can solve the continuous and discontinuous problems in a unified way.Based on the elastoplastic program of NMM,the compression tests of rock mass with different joint inclination and joint spacing under different stress state were simulated.The results show that the strength of rock mass with small joint inclination is lower than that of intact rock,even through the rock mass does not slip along the joint.The curve of rock mass strength-joint inclination is shaped like a spoon with asymmetrical sides.The variation of rock mass strength with joint spacing conforms to the rule of negative exponential function.The effect of joint spacing is significant anisotropic.The anisotropy of rock mass strength decreases with the increase of confining pressure.Based on the regression analysis of simulation results,a new joint distribution parameter was proposed,and then a new strength prediction model was established for the rock mass with a set of persistent joints.In this model,the effects of joint inclination,joint spacing and confining pressure are comprehensively considered.It can provide good technical support for underground engineering.
Jointed rock mass is a kind of geologic body containing both continuum and discontinuum,which leads to its strength significant anisotropic.The numerical manifold method(NMM)can solve the continuous and discontinuous problems in a unified way.Based on the elastoplastic program of NMM,the compression tests of rock mass with different joint inclination and joint spacing under different stress state were simulated.The results show that the strength of rock mass with small joint inclination is lower than that of intact rock,even through the rock mass does not slip along the joint.The curve of rock mass strength-joint inclination is shaped like a spoon with asymmetrical sides.The variation of rock mass strength with joint spacing conforms to the rule of negative exponential function.The effect of joint spacing is significant anisotropic.The anisotropy of rock mass strength decreases with the increase of confining pressure.Based on the regression analysis of simulation results,a new joint distribution parameter was proposed,and then a new strength prediction model was established for the rock mass with a set of persistent joints.In this model,the effects of joint inclination,joint spacing and confining pressure are comprehensively considered.It can provide good technical support for underground engineering.
引文
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[2]TALIERCIO A,LANDRIANI G S.A failure condition for layered rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1988,25(5):299-305.
[3]TIEN Y M,KUO M C.A failure criterion for transversely isotropic rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):399-412.
[4]MAMBOU N L L,NDOP J,NDJAKA J B.Redistribution and magnitude of stresses around horse shoe and circular excavations opened in anisotropic rock[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(4):615-621.
[5]SALCEDO D A.Macizos Rocosos:Caracterización,Resistencia al Corte y Mecanismos de Rotura[C].Proc.25 Aniversario Conferencia Soc.Caracas:Venezolana de Mecánicadel Suelo e Ingeniería de Fundaciones,1983:143-172.
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[7]衡帅,杨春和,曾义全,等.基于直剪试验的页岩强度各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):874-883.HENG Shuai,YANG Chunhe,ZENG Yijin,et al.Anisotropy of shear strength of shale based on direct shear test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):874-883.
[8]李元海,林志斌,秦先林,等.透明岩体相似材料物理力学特性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(6):977-982.LI Yuanhai,LIN Zhibin,QIN Xianlin,et al.Study of development of transparent rock mass for physical similarity experiment and its mechanical properties[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,44(6):977-982.
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[10]KULATILAKE P H S W,MALAMA B,WANG Jialai.Physical and particle flow modeling of jointed rock block behavior under uniaxial loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2001,38(4):641-657.
[11]陈新,李东威,王莉贤,等.单轴压缩下节理间距和倾角对岩体模拟试件强度和变形的影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2236-2245.CHEN Xin,LI Dongwei,WANG Lixian,et al.Experimental study on effect of spacing and inclination angle of joints on strength and deformation properties of rock masses under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2236-2245.
[12]KALLU R R,KEFFELER E R,WATTERS R J,et al.Development of a multivariate empirical model for predicting weak rock mass modulus[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(4):545-552.
[13]晏石林,黄玉盈,陈传尧.贯通节理岩体等效模型与弹性参数确定[J].华中科技大学学报,2001,29(6):60-63YAN Shilin,HUANG Yuying,CHEN Chuanyao.An equivalent model for jointed rock mass with persistent joint and its elastic parameters[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2001,29(6):60-63.
[14]朱维申,王平.节理岩体的等效连续模型与工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(2):1-11.ZHU Weishen,WANG Ping.An equivalent continuum model for jointed rocks and its engineering application[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(2):1-11.
[15]张志刚.节理岩体确定方法及其各向异性特征研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007:15-20.
[16]李世海,董大鹏,燕琳.含节理岩块单轴受压试验三维离散元数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):648-652.LI Shihai,DONG Dapeng,YAN Lin.3D-DEM numerical simulation for jointed rock under uniaxial press loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):648-652.
[17]SHI Genhua.Manifold method of material analysis[C].Transactions of the Ninth Army Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computing.Minneapolish:Minncsoda,1992:51-76.
[18]刘丰,郑宏,夏开文.基于MLS的数值流形法模拟多裂纹扩展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):76-86.LIU Feng,ZHENG Hong,XIA Kaiwen.A MLSbased numerical manifold method for multiple cracks propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):76-86.
[19]刘学伟,刘泉声,卢超波,等.温度-应力耦合作用下岩体裂隙扩展的数值流形方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1432-1441.LIU Xuewei,LIU Quansheng,LU Chaobo,et al.A numerical manifold method for fracture propagation of rock mass considering thermo-mechanical coupling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1432-1441.
[20]位伟,姜清辉,周创兵.节理面附近锚杆力学模型及其数值流形方法应用[J].工程力学,2014,31(11):70-78.WEI Wei,JIANG Qinghui,ZHOU Chuangbing.A mechanical model of a bolt in the vicinity of a joint and its numerical manifold method(NMM)application[J].Engineering Machanics,2014,33(11):70-78.
[21]LIN Jeenshang,KU Chengyu.Two-scale modeling of jointed rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2006,43(3),426-436.
[22]焦健,乔春生.弹塑性数值流形方法在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):119-125.JIAO Jian,QIAO Chunsheng.Elasto-plastic based numerical manifold method for stability and deformation analysis of rock slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):119-125.
[23]JIRO H,TAKAKOTO S,UMETARO Y.An elastoplastic analysis applicable to the'strain softening'materials[J].Journal of the Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan,1979,10(1):721-726.
[24]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟.节理分布对岩体破坏影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):17-22.LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hongwei.Numerical simulation on influence of joint distributions on failures of rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(1),17-22.
[25]曾纪全,杨宗才.岩体抗剪强度参数的结构面倾角效应岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3418-3425.ZENG Jiquan,YANG Zongcai.Dip effect of structural plane on shearing strength parameters of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3418-3425.
[26]RAMAMURTHY T,ARORA V K.Strength predictions for jointed rocks in confined and unconfined states[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1994,31(1),9-22.
[2]TALIERCIO A,LANDRIANI G S.A failure condition for layered rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1988,25(5):299-305.
[3]TIEN Y M,KUO M C.A failure criterion for transversely isotropic rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):399-412.
[4]MAMBOU N L L,NDOP J,NDJAKA J B.Redistribution and magnitude of stresses around horse shoe and circular excavations opened in anisotropic rock[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(4):615-621.
[5]SALCEDO D A.Macizos Rocosos:Caracterización,Resistencia al Corte y Mecanismos de Rotura[C].Proc.25 Aniversario Conferencia Soc.Caracas:Venezolana de Mecánicadel Suelo e Ingeniería de Fundaciones,1983:143-172.
[6]CHO J W,KIM H,JEON S,et al.Deformation and strength anisotropy of Asan gneiss,Boryeong shale,and Yeoncheon schist[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,50(1):158-169.
[7]衡帅,杨春和,曾义全,等.基于直剪试验的页岩强度各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):874-883.HENG Shuai,YANG Chunhe,ZENG Yijin,et al.Anisotropy of shear strength of shale based on direct shear test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):874-883.
[8]李元海,林志斌,秦先林,等.透明岩体相似材料物理力学特性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(6):977-982.LI Yuanhai,LIN Zhibin,QIN Xianlin,et al.Study of development of transparent rock mass for physical similarity experiment and its mechanical properties[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,44(6):977-982.
[9]EINSTEIN H H,HIRSCHFELD R C.Model studies on mechanics of jointed rock[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1973,99(3):229-248.
[10]KULATILAKE P H S W,MALAMA B,WANG Jialai.Physical and particle flow modeling of jointed rock block behavior under uniaxial loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2001,38(4):641-657.
[11]陈新,李东威,王莉贤,等.单轴压缩下节理间距和倾角对岩体模拟试件强度和变形的影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2236-2245.CHEN Xin,LI Dongwei,WANG Lixian,et al.Experimental study on effect of spacing and inclination angle of joints on strength and deformation properties of rock masses under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2236-2245.
[12]KALLU R R,KEFFELER E R,WATTERS R J,et al.Development of a multivariate empirical model for predicting weak rock mass modulus[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(4):545-552.
[13]晏石林,黄玉盈,陈传尧.贯通节理岩体等效模型与弹性参数确定[J].华中科技大学学报,2001,29(6):60-63YAN Shilin,HUANG Yuying,CHEN Chuanyao.An equivalent model for jointed rock mass with persistent joint and its elastic parameters[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2001,29(6):60-63.
[14]朱维申,王平.节理岩体的等效连续模型与工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(2):1-11.ZHU Weishen,WANG Ping.An equivalent continuum model for jointed rocks and its engineering application[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(2):1-11.
[15]张志刚.节理岩体确定方法及其各向异性特征研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007:15-20.
[16]李世海,董大鹏,燕琳.含节理岩块单轴受压试验三维离散元数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):648-652.LI Shihai,DONG Dapeng,YAN Lin.3D-DEM numerical simulation for jointed rock under uniaxial press loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):648-652.
[17]SHI Genhua.Manifold method of material analysis[C].Transactions of the Ninth Army Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computing.Minneapolish:Minncsoda,1992:51-76.
[18]刘丰,郑宏,夏开文.基于MLS的数值流形法模拟多裂纹扩展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):76-86.LIU Feng,ZHENG Hong,XIA Kaiwen.A MLSbased numerical manifold method for multiple cracks propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):76-86.
[19]刘学伟,刘泉声,卢超波,等.温度-应力耦合作用下岩体裂隙扩展的数值流形方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1432-1441.LIU Xuewei,LIU Quansheng,LU Chaobo,et al.A numerical manifold method for fracture propagation of rock mass considering thermo-mechanical coupling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1432-1441.
[20]位伟,姜清辉,周创兵.节理面附近锚杆力学模型及其数值流形方法应用[J].工程力学,2014,31(11):70-78.WEI Wei,JIANG Qinghui,ZHOU Chuangbing.A mechanical model of a bolt in the vicinity of a joint and its numerical manifold method(NMM)application[J].Engineering Machanics,2014,33(11):70-78.
[21]LIN Jeenshang,KU Chengyu.Two-scale modeling of jointed rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2006,43(3),426-436.
[22]焦健,乔春生.弹塑性数值流形方法在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):119-125.JIAO Jian,QIAO Chunsheng.Elasto-plastic based numerical manifold method for stability and deformation analysis of rock slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):119-125.
[23]JIRO H,TAKAKOTO S,UMETARO Y.An elastoplastic analysis applicable to the'strain softening'materials[J].Journal of the Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan,1979,10(1):721-726.
[24]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟.节理分布对岩体破坏影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):17-22.LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hongwei.Numerical simulation on influence of joint distributions on failures of rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(1),17-22.
[25]曾纪全,杨宗才.岩体抗剪强度参数的结构面倾角效应岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3418-3425.ZENG Jiquan,YANG Zongcai.Dip effect of structural plane on shearing strength parameters of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3418-3425.
[26]RAMAMURTHY T,ARORA V K.Strength predictions for jointed rocks in confined and unconfined states[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1994,31(1),9-22.