氧化还原法制备石墨烯对镍基复合镀层的摩擦学性能影响
|
摘要
采用Hummers氧化法和肼还原法制备了石墨烯,并在45钢表面获得石墨烯/镍基复合镀层,研究了石墨烯的片层数量和热稳定性,对复合镀层的表面及截面形貌进行观察并测试其摩擦学性能。结果表明:肼还原法获得的石墨烯层数约2层,其热稳定性高于Hummers法获得的氧化石墨。不同石墨烯添加量(0.1,0.2和0.4 g/L)的镍基复合镀层厚度约20～30μm。干摩擦时,石墨烯添加量为0.4 g/L的复合镀层摩擦系数和磨损率最低,较基体分别降低了13%和65%,磨损表面较光滑并可见石墨烯沉积后的微凸体形态,Fe的含量极少,说明磨痕深度很浅。
Two type of graphene was prepared by Hummers oxidation and hydrazine reduction respectively and then Ni-based composite coatings containing graphene were prepared on the surface of 45 steel by pulse electrode position. The lamellar quantity and thermal stability of the prepared graphene were characterized. While the surface and cross-sectional morphology and tribological properties of the composite coatings were assessed. Results indicate that the graphene obtained by hydrazine reduction method is of about two-layers, and its thermal stability is higher than the one prepared by Hummers oxidation. The thickness of Ni-based composite plating with different additions of graphene(0.1, 0.2 and0.4 g/L) is about 20～30 μm. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite coating with 0.4 g/L graphene reduce by 13% and 65% respectively in comparison to that of the substrate. The worn surface with micro-convexes like morphology is relatively smooth, which contains little Fe from the substrate,thereby implies that the depth of the wear surface is limited merely within the plating.
Two type of graphene was prepared by Hummers oxidation and hydrazine reduction respectively and then Ni-based composite coatings containing graphene were prepared on the surface of 45 steel by pulse electrode position. The lamellar quantity and thermal stability of the prepared graphene were characterized. While the surface and cross-sectional morphology and tribological properties of the composite coatings were assessed. Results indicate that the graphene obtained by hydrazine reduction method is of about two-layers, and its thermal stability is higher than the one prepared by Hummers oxidation. The thickness of Ni-based composite plating with different additions of graphene(0.1, 0.2 and0.4 g/L) is about 20～30 μm. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite coating with 0.4 g/L graphene reduce by 13% and 65% respectively in comparison to that of the substrate. The worn surface with micro-convexes like morphology is relatively smooth, which contains little Fe from the substrate,thereby implies that the depth of the wear surface is limited merely within the plating.
引文
[1]Meyer J C,Geim A K,Katsnelson M I,et al.The structure of suspended graphene sheets[J].Nature,2007,446:60
[2]Novoselov K S,Geim A K,Morozov S V,et al.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J].Science,2004,306:666
[3]Zhao X,Zhang Q H,Chen D J,et al.Enhanced mechanical properties of graphene-based poly(vinyl alcohol)composites[J].Macromolecules,2010,43:2357
[4]Lee C,Wei X D,Kysar J W,et al.Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J].Science,2008,321:385
[5]Balandin A A,Ghosh S,Bao W Z,et al.Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene[J].Nano Lett.,2008,8:902
[6]Vadukumpully S,Paul J,Mahanta N,et al.Flexible conductive graphene/poly(vinyl chloride)composite thin films with high mechanical strength and thermal stability[J].Carbon,2011,49:198
[7]Marcano D C,Kosynkin D V,Berlin J M,et al.Improved synthesis of graphene oxide[J].ACS Nano,2010,4:4806
[8]Zhang X M,Liu X Q,Zheng W G,et al.Regenerated cellulose/graphene nanocomposite films prepared in DMAC/LiCl solution[J].Carbohydr.Polym.,2012,88:26
[9]Yang Y H,Sun H J,Peng T J,et al.Synthesis and structural characterization of graphene-based membranes[J].Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin.,2011,27:736(杨勇辉,孙红娟,彭同江等.石墨烯薄膜的制备和结构表征[J].物理化学学报,2011,27:736)
[10]Yao J H,Xie Z P,Yin Z L,et al.Preparation and lithium storage performance of V2O5/graphene composite electrode material[J].Fine Chem.,2018,35:813(姚金环,谢志平,尹周澜等.V2O5/石墨烯复合电极材料的制备与储锂性能[J].精细化工,2018,35:813)
[11]Meng P Y,Sun L L.Flame sprayed UHMWPE/Graphene nanosheet composite coatings for marine applications[J].Surf.Technol.,2017,46:35(孟培媛,孙琳琳.超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯复合涂层制备及其在海洋装备防护中的应用[J].表面技术,2017,46:35)
[12]Pu J B,Wang L P,Xue Q J.Progress of tribology of graphene and graphene-based composite lubricating materials[J].Tribology,2014,34:93(蒲吉斌,王立平,薛群基.石墨烯摩擦学及石墨烯基复合润滑材料的研究进展[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34:93)
[13]Zhang Q,Ren Y H,Li J,et al.Effect of graphene oxide concentration in nickel electrolyte on mechanical and corrosion performance of Nickel-Graphene composite coatings[J].Corros.Sci.Prot.Technol.,2017,29:21(张倩,任彦虹,李娟等.氧化石墨烯浓度对镍基/石墨烯复合材料摩擦性能、耐蚀性能及显微硬度的影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2017,29:21)
[14]Lin J S,Wang L W,Chen G H.Modification of graphene platelets and their tribological properties as a lubricant additive[J].Tribol.Lett.,2011,41:209
[15]Tai Z X,Chen Y F,An Y F,et al.Tribological behavior of UHMWPE reinforced with graphene oxide nanosheets[J].Tribol.Lett.,2012,46:55
[16]Park S,An J,Potts J R,et al.Hydrazine-reduction of graphite-and graphene oxide[J].Carbon,2011,49:3019
[17]Pham V H,Cuong T V,Nguyen-Phan T D,et al.One-step synthesis of superior dispersion of chemically converted graphene in organic solvents[J].Chem.Commun.,2010,46:4375
[18]Reina A,Jia X T,Ho J,et al.Large Area,few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition[J].Nano Lett.,2009,9:30
[19]Janowska I,Chizari K,Ersen O,et al.Microwave synthesis of large few-layer graphene sheets in aqueous solution of ammonia[J].Nano Res.,2010,3:126
[20]Chen W F,Yan L F,Bangal P R.Chemical reduction of graphene oxide to graphene by sulfur-containing compounds[J].J.Phys.Chem.,2010,114C:19885
[21]Wu J.Progress of reduction methods of graphene oxide[J].Chem.Ind.Eng.Prog.,2013,32:1352(吴婕.氧化石墨烯还原方法的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32:1352)
[2]Novoselov K S,Geim A K,Morozov S V,et al.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J].Science,2004,306:666
[3]Zhao X,Zhang Q H,Chen D J,et al.Enhanced mechanical properties of graphene-based poly(vinyl alcohol)composites[J].Macromolecules,2010,43:2357
[4]Lee C,Wei X D,Kysar J W,et al.Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J].Science,2008,321:385
[5]Balandin A A,Ghosh S,Bao W Z,et al.Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene[J].Nano Lett.,2008,8:902
[6]Vadukumpully S,Paul J,Mahanta N,et al.Flexible conductive graphene/poly(vinyl chloride)composite thin films with high mechanical strength and thermal stability[J].Carbon,2011,49:198
[7]Marcano D C,Kosynkin D V,Berlin J M,et al.Improved synthesis of graphene oxide[J].ACS Nano,2010,4:4806
[8]Zhang X M,Liu X Q,Zheng W G,et al.Regenerated cellulose/graphene nanocomposite films prepared in DMAC/LiCl solution[J].Carbohydr.Polym.,2012,88:26
[9]Yang Y H,Sun H J,Peng T J,et al.Synthesis and structural characterization of graphene-based membranes[J].Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin.,2011,27:736(杨勇辉,孙红娟,彭同江等.石墨烯薄膜的制备和结构表征[J].物理化学学报,2011,27:736)
[10]Yao J H,Xie Z P,Yin Z L,et al.Preparation and lithium storage performance of V2O5/graphene composite electrode material[J].Fine Chem.,2018,35:813(姚金环,谢志平,尹周澜等.V2O5/石墨烯复合电极材料的制备与储锂性能[J].精细化工,2018,35:813)
[11]Meng P Y,Sun L L.Flame sprayed UHMWPE/Graphene nanosheet composite coatings for marine applications[J].Surf.Technol.,2017,46:35(孟培媛,孙琳琳.超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯复合涂层制备及其在海洋装备防护中的应用[J].表面技术,2017,46:35)
[12]Pu J B,Wang L P,Xue Q J.Progress of tribology of graphene and graphene-based composite lubricating materials[J].Tribology,2014,34:93(蒲吉斌,王立平,薛群基.石墨烯摩擦学及石墨烯基复合润滑材料的研究进展[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34:93)
[13]Zhang Q,Ren Y H,Li J,et al.Effect of graphene oxide concentration in nickel electrolyte on mechanical and corrosion performance of Nickel-Graphene composite coatings[J].Corros.Sci.Prot.Technol.,2017,29:21(张倩,任彦虹,李娟等.氧化石墨烯浓度对镍基/石墨烯复合材料摩擦性能、耐蚀性能及显微硬度的影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2017,29:21)
[14]Lin J S,Wang L W,Chen G H.Modification of graphene platelets and their tribological properties as a lubricant additive[J].Tribol.Lett.,2011,41:209
[15]Tai Z X,Chen Y F,An Y F,et al.Tribological behavior of UHMWPE reinforced with graphene oxide nanosheets[J].Tribol.Lett.,2012,46:55
[16]Park S,An J,Potts J R,et al.Hydrazine-reduction of graphite-and graphene oxide[J].Carbon,2011,49:3019
[17]Pham V H,Cuong T V,Nguyen-Phan T D,et al.One-step synthesis of superior dispersion of chemically converted graphene in organic solvents[J].Chem.Commun.,2010,46:4375
[18]Reina A,Jia X T,Ho J,et al.Large Area,few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition[J].Nano Lett.,2009,9:30
[19]Janowska I,Chizari K,Ersen O,et al.Microwave synthesis of large few-layer graphene sheets in aqueous solution of ammonia[J].Nano Res.,2010,3:126
[20]Chen W F,Yan L F,Bangal P R.Chemical reduction of graphene oxide to graphene by sulfur-containing compounds[J].J.Phys.Chem.,2010,114C:19885
[21]Wu J.Progress of reduction methods of graphene oxide[J].Chem.Ind.Eng.Prog.,2013,32:1352(吴婕.氧化石墨烯还原方法的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32:1352)