污灌地重金属镉污染的伴矿景天修复试验研究
|
摘要
针对城郊污灌地土壤重金属Cd污染,利用超富积植物伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizincicola)进行Cd污染土壤的植物修复正交试验研究,以探讨Cd污染土壤的最优田间修复措施。研究表明:修复植物-伴矿景天茎叶中Cd的含量均值达到8.80 mg/kg,约为玉米茎叶的58倍,芹菜茎叶的135倍;土壤-植物系统中Cd的迁移量由高到低的顺序为:伴矿景天>玉米>芹菜;对正交试验中伴矿景天的Cd提取率进行极差分析,最佳试验因素结果为:因素A:种植方式为扦插10株/m2、因素C种植模式为单作、因素B调控剂硫粉施用量为2 g/m2,试验结果中此方案伴矿景天对土壤中Cd的提取率达到8.49%,是9个处理组中最高的,与极差分析结果一致。实际应用中,本文推荐选择A1C3B3方案(种植方式为扦插10株/m2、因素C种植模式为与玉米间作、因素B调控剂硫粉施用量为6 g/m2)作为伴矿景天植物修复的最优田间农艺措施方案,以达到边修复边生产的农业土壤修复模式。
In this study,Sedum plumbizincicola,a hyper accumulator plant was used to repair the Cd contaminated soil which was located in suburban and irrigated by sewage. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum restoration measures. The result showed that,the average Cd content in stems and leaves of Sedum plumbizincicola reached 8. 80 mg·kg- 1,about 58 times of that in corns,and 135 times in celeries. The Cd migration rate from soil to plant in descending order was: Sedum plumbizincicola > corn > celery. A range analysis for the Cd extraction rate of Sedum plumbizincicola revealed the optimum treatment was like below,Factor A for planting pattern: cuttage in 10 plants per square meters,Factor C for cropping pattern: monoculture,Factor B for modulator usage: sulfur dosage as 2 g / m2. With this treatment,the Cd extraction rate could reach8. 49%,which was the highest among the 9 experimental treatments,consistent with the range analysis. While in practical application,the A1C3B3 treatment was recommended as the optimal agronomic program: cuttage in 10 plants per square meters,intercropping with maize,sulfur dosage as 6 g / m2,in this way,soil remediation could get along well with the agricultural production at the same time.
In this study,Sedum plumbizincicola,a hyper accumulator plant was used to repair the Cd contaminated soil which was located in suburban and irrigated by sewage. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum restoration measures. The result showed that,the average Cd content in stems and leaves of Sedum plumbizincicola reached 8. 80 mg·kg- 1,about 58 times of that in corns,and 135 times in celeries. The Cd migration rate from soil to plant in descending order was: Sedum plumbizincicola > corn > celery. A range analysis for the Cd extraction rate of Sedum plumbizincicola revealed the optimum treatment was like below,Factor A for planting pattern: cuttage in 10 plants per square meters,Factor C for cropping pattern: monoculture,Factor B for modulator usage: sulfur dosage as 2 g / m2. With this treatment,the Cd extraction rate could reach8. 49%,which was the highest among the 9 experimental treatments,consistent with the range analysis. While in practical application,the A1C3B3 treatment was recommended as the optimal agronomic program: cuttage in 10 plants per square meters,intercropping with maize,sulfur dosage as 6 g / m2,in this way,soil remediation could get along well with the agricultural production at the same time.
引文
[1]李晓光.猪场废水灌溉农田对土壤重金属Zn,Cu,As含量的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.
[2]陈竹君,周建斌.污水灌溉在以色列农业中的应用[J].农业环境保护,2001,20(6):462-464.
[3]刘丽.小凌河污水灌溉对水稻作物影响的分析[J].辽宁城乡环境科技,1999,19(1):43-46.
[4]王芸,张建辉,赵晓军.污灌农田土壤Cd污染状况及分布特征研究[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(5):71-74.
[5]彭星辉,谢晓阳.稻田Cd污染的土壤修复技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2007(2):67-69.
[6]宋波,陈同斌,郑袁明,等.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜Cd含量及其健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(8):1343-1353.
[7]中国环境保护部.关于加强土壤污染防治工作的意见[R].北京:中国环境保护部,2008.
[8]Chaney R L,Malikm,Liy M,et al.Phytorem ediation of soil metals[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,1997(8):279-284.
[9]沈振国,陈怀满.土壤重金属污染生物修复的研究进展[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(2):39-44.
[10]Mcgrath S P,Zhao F J.Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2003,14:277-282.
[11]吴龙华,周守标,毕德,等.中国景天科植物一新种—伴矿景天[J].土壤,2006,38(5):623-633.
[12]廖琴,王胜利,南忠仁,等.干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜的影响及其富集迁移规律[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):173-177.
[13]陈魁.应用概率统计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[14]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[15]Mertens J,Luyssaert S,Verheyen K.Use and abuse of trace metal concentrations in plant tissue for biomonitoring and phytoextraction[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,138:1-4.
[16]龙家寰.典型污染区土壤镉的污染特征及植物修复[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2014.
[17]龙家寰,刘鸿雁,刘方,等.贵州省典型污染区土壤中Cd的空间分布及影响机制[J].土壤通报,2014(4):1325-1332.
[18]任静.污泥土地处置土壤锌镉污染及植物修复研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2012.
[19]陈怀满.土壤-植物系统中的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:95-105,309-311.
[2]陈竹君,周建斌.污水灌溉在以色列农业中的应用[J].农业环境保护,2001,20(6):462-464.
[3]刘丽.小凌河污水灌溉对水稻作物影响的分析[J].辽宁城乡环境科技,1999,19(1):43-46.
[4]王芸,张建辉,赵晓军.污灌农田土壤Cd污染状况及分布特征研究[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(5):71-74.
[5]彭星辉,谢晓阳.稻田Cd污染的土壤修复技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2007(2):67-69.
[6]宋波,陈同斌,郑袁明,等.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜Cd含量及其健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(8):1343-1353.
[7]中国环境保护部.关于加强土壤污染防治工作的意见[R].北京:中国环境保护部,2008.
[8]Chaney R L,Malikm,Liy M,et al.Phytorem ediation of soil metals[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,1997(8):279-284.
[9]沈振国,陈怀满.土壤重金属污染生物修复的研究进展[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(2):39-44.
[10]Mcgrath S P,Zhao F J.Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2003,14:277-282.
[11]吴龙华,周守标,毕德,等.中国景天科植物一新种—伴矿景天[J].土壤,2006,38(5):623-633.
[12]廖琴,王胜利,南忠仁,等.干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜的影响及其富集迁移规律[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):173-177.
[13]陈魁.应用概率统计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[14]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[15]Mertens J,Luyssaert S,Verheyen K.Use and abuse of trace metal concentrations in plant tissue for biomonitoring and phytoextraction[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,138:1-4.
[16]龙家寰.典型污染区土壤镉的污染特征及植物修复[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2014.
[17]龙家寰,刘鸿雁,刘方,等.贵州省典型污染区土壤中Cd的空间分布及影响机制[J].土壤通报,2014(4):1325-1332.
[18]任静.污泥土地处置土壤锌镉污染及植物修复研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2012.
[19]陈怀满.土壤-植物系统中的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:95-105,309-311.