前海湾填海区的水龄特征及改善措施模拟
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摘要
根据实际观测潮流与前海湾填海前后海域范围和海底地形条件,建立前海湾环境流体动力学模型(EFDC),以水龄作为水交换能力的评价指标,利用EFDC模型中示踪和水龄模块模拟计算前海湾水龄的时空分布,分析评价填海工程对水龄的影响和不同工程措施对水交换的改善效果。结果表明,填海后前海湾北部的西乡河口附近海域水交换最差,水龄可达到9~10.8 d,5-8月份前海湾平均水龄要小于全年平均水龄;前海湾水龄主要受潮汐影响区域占72.2%,河流入流只对西乡河、新圳河和双界河河口附近较小区域有明显影响;填海后海湾平均水龄增加了67.7%,填海工程对西乡河口附近海域影响最大,水龄增加了6.8 d,对湾口和湾中心影响不明显;前海湾水动力改善的优选工程方案依次是:大铲湾港根部开槽50 m、暗涵注水5 m3/s或暗涵抽水8 m3/s。
According to the observation of actual tidal current and water domain and topography of Qianhai Bay before and after sea filling project,environmental fluid dynamics code(EFDC) model of Qianhai Bay is developed with water age being as the evaluation index of water exchange capacity. Simulation based on tracer and water age module is conducted to analyze spatial and temporal distribution of water age,impact of sea filling project and effects of different engineering measures on improving water exchange capacity. Results show that water exchange of the region near Xixiang estuary in the north of Qianhai Bay is the worst,with water age as 9~10.8 days. Average water age of May to August is less than the annual average water age. The area affected mainly by tide accounts for 72.2%. River inflows only affect small area of estuaries near Xixiang River,Xinzhen River and Shuangjie River significantly. Average water age of Qianhai Bay increases by 67.7 % after sea filling project. The impact is largest in the area near Xixiang estuary,which water age increases 6.8 days,but the impact is little in the region of the mouth and center of Qianhai Bay. The optimum engineering solutions of hydrodynamic improvements of Qianhai Bay are slotting 50 m in Dachanwan Harbour,or culvert water injecting at the rate of 5 m3/s,or culvert water pumping at the rate of 8 m3/s.
According to the observation of actual tidal current and water domain and topography of Qianhai Bay before and after sea filling project,environmental fluid dynamics code(EFDC) model of Qianhai Bay is developed with water age being as the evaluation index of water exchange capacity. Simulation based on tracer and water age module is conducted to analyze spatial and temporal distribution of water age,impact of sea filling project and effects of different engineering measures on improving water exchange capacity. Results show that water exchange of the region near Xixiang estuary in the north of Qianhai Bay is the worst,with water age as 9~10.8 days. Average water age of May to August is less than the annual average water age. The area affected mainly by tide accounts for 72.2%. River inflows only affect small area of estuaries near Xixiang River,Xinzhen River and Shuangjie River significantly. Average water age of Qianhai Bay increases by 67.7 % after sea filling project. The impact is largest in the area near Xixiang estuary,which water age increases 6.8 days,but the impact is little in the region of the mouth and center of Qianhai Bay. The optimum engineering solutions of hydrodynamic improvements of Qianhai Bay are slotting 50 m in Dachanwan Harbour,or culvert water injecting at the rate of 5 m3/s,or culvert water pumping at the rate of 8 m3/s.
引文
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[15]Shen Jian,Larry Haas.Calculating age and residence time in the tidal York River using three-dimensional model experiments[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,61(3):449-461.
[16]Wang Pengcheng,Zhang Xueqing,Zhao Qian,et al.Numerical study of water age influenced by tide and runoff in Daliaohe Estuary in China[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,25(1):39-47.
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[19]KE Gustafsson,J Bendtsen.Elucidating the dynamics and mixing agents of a shallow fjord through age tracer modeling[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,74(4):641-654.
[20]刘夏明,李俊清,豆小敏,等.EFDC模型在河口水环境模拟中的应用及进展[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(S1):136-140.Liu Xiaming,Li Junqing,Dou Xiaomin,et al.The application and advance of environmental fluid dynamics code(EFDC)in estuarine water environment[J].Environmental Sc-ience&Technology,2011,34(S1):136-140.(in Chinese)
[21]Ji Z G,Hu G D,Shen J,et al.Three-dimensional modeling of hydrodynamic processes in the St.Lucie Estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,73(1/2):188-200.
[22]龚文平,刘欢,任杰,等.黄茅海河口潮波的传播特征与机理研究[J].海洋学报,2012,34(3):41-54.Gong Wenping,Liu Huan,Ren Jie,et al.The study of tidal propagation in Huangmaohai Estuary and its underlying mechanisms[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(3):41-54.(in Chinese)
[23]He Guojian,Fang Hongwei,Bai Sen,et al.Application of a three-dimensional eutrophication model for the Beijing Guanting Reservoir,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(8):1491-1501.
[24]Wu Guozheng,Xu Zongxue.Prediction of algal blooming using EFDC model:case study in the Daoxiang Lake[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(6):1245-1252.
[25]Li Yiping,Tang Chunyan,Wang Chao,et al.Assessing and modeling impacts of different inter-basin water transfer routes on Lake Taihu and the Yangtze River,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:399-413.
[26]任华堂,陶亚,夏建新.深圳湾水环境特性及其突发污染负荷响应研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2011,19(1):52-63.Ren Huatang,Tao Ya,Xia Jianxin.Characteristics of water environment and response to sudden loads of pollution due to accidents in Shenzhen Bay[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2011,19(1):52-63.(in Chinese)
[27]王翠,孙英兰,张学庆.基于EFDC模型的胶州湾三维潮流数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(5):833-840.Wang Cui,Sun Yinglan,Zhang Xueqing.Numerical simulation of 3D tidal currents based on EFDC model in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2008,38(5):833-840.(in Chinese)
[28]Liu Xiaohai,Huang Wenrui.Modeling sediment resuspension and transport induced by storm wind in Apalachicola Bay,USA[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2009,24(11):1302-1313.
[29]Gaurav Singhal,Vijay G Panchang,James A Nelsonc.Sensitivity assessment of wave heights to surface forcing in Cook Inlet,Alaska[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,63:S50-S62.
[30]John M Hamrick.A Three-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code:Theoretical and Computational Aspects[R].Virginia:Virginia Institute of Marine Science,College of William and Mary,1992:7-14.
[2]王亚.长江河口水流输运时间的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011:5-10.
[3]魏皓,田恬,周锋,等.渤海水交换的数值研究:水质模型对半交换时间的模拟[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(4):519-525.Wei Hao,Tian Tian,Zhou Feng,et al.Numerical study on the water exchange of Bohai Sea:simulation of the half-life time by dispersion model[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2002,32(4):519-525.(in Chinese)
[4]王聪,林军,陈丕茂,等.大亚湾水交换的数值模拟研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(4):8-15.Wang Cong,Lin Jun,Chen Pimao,et al.Numerical simulation on water exchange in Daya Bay[J].South China Fisheries Science,2008,4(4):8-15.(in Chinese)
[5]李一平,滑磊,王沛芳,等.河道型水库水动力特征与气候条件的响应关系[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):317-323.Li Yiping,Hua Lei,Wang Peifang,et al.Response of hydrodynamical characteristics to climate conditions in a channeltype reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(3):317-323.(in Chinese)
[6]Eric JM Delhez,Jean Michel Campi,Anthony C Hirst,et al.Toward a general theory of the age in ocean modeling[J].Ocean Modelling,1999,1(1):17-27.
[7]Eric Deleersnijder,Jean Michel Campin,Eric JM Delhez.The concept of age in marine modelling I.theory and preliminary model results[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2001,28(3/4),229-267.
[8]Liu Wen Cheng,Chen Wei Bo,Hsu Ming Hsi.Using a threedimensional particle-tracking model to estimate the residence time and age of water in a tidal estuary[J].Computers&Geosciences,2011,37(8):1148-1161.
[9]Jian Shen,Harry V Wang.Determining the age of water and long-term transport timescale of the Chesapeake Bay[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,74(4):585-598.
[10]Shen Jian,Lin Jing.Modeling study of the influences of tide and stratification on age of water in the tidal James River[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,68(1/2):101-112.
[11]李杰,林晶,吴增茂.Falls Lake水库内溶解物输运模拟[J].水科学进展,2011,22(3):413-420.Li Jie,Lin Jing,Wu Zengmao.Numerical study on dissolved matter transport in Falls Lake Reservoir[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(3):423-420.(in Chinese)
[12]郝文彬,唐春燕,滑磊,等.引江济太调水工程对太湖水动力的调控效果[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(2):129-133.Hao Wenbin,Tang Chunyan,Hua Lei,et al.Effects of water diversion from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake on hydrodynamic regulation of Taihu Lake[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Science,2012,40(2):129-133.(in Chinese)
[13]Li Yiping,Kumud Acharya,Yu Zhongbo.Modeling impacts of Yangtze River water transfer on water ages in Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(2):325-334.
[14]Gong Wenping,Shen Jian,Hong Bo.The influence of wind on the water age in the tidal Rappahannock River[J].Marine Environmental Research,2009,68(4):203-216.
[15]Shen Jian,Larry Haas.Calculating age and residence time in the tidal York River using three-dimensional model experiments[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,61(3):449-461.
[16]Wang Pengcheng,Zhang Xueqing,Zhao Qian,et al.Numerical study of water age influenced by tide and runoff in Daliaohe Estuary in China[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,25(1):39-47.
[17]Eric JM Delhez,Eric Deleersnijder.The concept of age in marine modelingⅡ.concentration distribution function in the English Channel and the North Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2002,31(4):279-297.
[18]黄伟建,周伟,李珍.混合并行计算在海洋水龄谱模拟中的应用研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(15):4207-4222.Huang Weijian,Zhou Wei,Li Zhen.Application of hybrid parallel computing to simulating marine water age spectrum[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(15):4207-4222.(in Chinese)
[19]KE Gustafsson,J Bendtsen.Elucidating the dynamics and mixing agents of a shallow fjord through age tracer modeling[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,74(4):641-654.
[20]刘夏明,李俊清,豆小敏,等.EFDC模型在河口水环境模拟中的应用及进展[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(S1):136-140.Liu Xiaming,Li Junqing,Dou Xiaomin,et al.The application and advance of environmental fluid dynamics code(EFDC)in estuarine water environment[J].Environmental Sc-ience&Technology,2011,34(S1):136-140.(in Chinese)
[21]Ji Z G,Hu G D,Shen J,et al.Three-dimensional modeling of hydrodynamic processes in the St.Lucie Estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,73(1/2):188-200.
[22]龚文平,刘欢,任杰,等.黄茅海河口潮波的传播特征与机理研究[J].海洋学报,2012,34(3):41-54.Gong Wenping,Liu Huan,Ren Jie,et al.The study of tidal propagation in Huangmaohai Estuary and its underlying mechanisms[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(3):41-54.(in Chinese)
[23]He Guojian,Fang Hongwei,Bai Sen,et al.Application of a three-dimensional eutrophication model for the Beijing Guanting Reservoir,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(8):1491-1501.
[24]Wu Guozheng,Xu Zongxue.Prediction of algal blooming using EFDC model:case study in the Daoxiang Lake[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(6):1245-1252.
[25]Li Yiping,Tang Chunyan,Wang Chao,et al.Assessing and modeling impacts of different inter-basin water transfer routes on Lake Taihu and the Yangtze River,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:399-413.
[26]任华堂,陶亚,夏建新.深圳湾水环境特性及其突发污染负荷响应研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2011,19(1):52-63.Ren Huatang,Tao Ya,Xia Jianxin.Characteristics of water environment and response to sudden loads of pollution due to accidents in Shenzhen Bay[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2011,19(1):52-63.(in Chinese)
[27]王翠,孙英兰,张学庆.基于EFDC模型的胶州湾三维潮流数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(5):833-840.Wang Cui,Sun Yinglan,Zhang Xueqing.Numerical simulation of 3D tidal currents based on EFDC model in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2008,38(5):833-840.(in Chinese)
[28]Liu Xiaohai,Huang Wenrui.Modeling sediment resuspension and transport induced by storm wind in Apalachicola Bay,USA[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2009,24(11):1302-1313.
[29]Gaurav Singhal,Vijay G Panchang,James A Nelsonc.Sensitivity assessment of wave heights to surface forcing in Cook Inlet,Alaska[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,63:S50-S62.
[30]John M Hamrick.A Three-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code:Theoretical and Computational Aspects[R].Virginia:Virginia Institute of Marine Science,College of William and Mary,1992:7-14.