压载水常见致病菌垂直分布特征与水龄的关系
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摘要
采集3艘国际船舶7个压载舱中不同水深的水样进行培养、鉴定与纯化,通过色谱仪检测以及数据分析软件SPSS,研究压载舱中大肠杆菌、副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌3种常见致病菌的垂直(0～10 m、0～4 m、0～5 m)数量分布特征与水龄的关系。结果表明:当水龄大于10 d时,各压载舱中3种致病菌数量并未发生明显变化,3种致病菌数量与检出率随着水深的增加而逐渐增加,且随时间推移此势态逐渐增强,但当压载水水龄小于10 d或发生置换时,致病菌数量与检出率随着水深的增加不明显。研究可为压载水生物入侵风险评价及压载水处理设备的研发提供理论支持。
In order to reveal the relation between the vertical distribution characteristics(0 ～ 10 m,0 ～ 4 m,0 ～ 5 m) of three common pathogenic bacteria( Escherichia coli,Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae) and water age,the ballast water samples at different depth,which were taken from 7 tanks of three international ships are cultured,testified and purified. With the detection of chromatograpic instruments and data analysis of SPSS,the results indicate: when the water age is more than 10 days,the number of the three pathogenic bacteria have no obvious changes,while the number and detectable rate of them increase as the depth increasing,and the trend grows gradually strong over time; when the water age is less than 10 days or the ballast water is displaced,the number and detectable rate of the three pathogenic bacteria will not change significantly with the growth of water depth. The research provides theoretical support for the risk assessment of biological invasion and for the research and development of processing equipment of ballast water.
In order to reveal the relation between the vertical distribution characteristics(0 ～ 10 m,0 ～ 4 m,0 ～ 5 m) of three common pathogenic bacteria( Escherichia coli,Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae) and water age,the ballast water samples at different depth,which were taken from 7 tanks of three international ships are cultured,testified and purified. With the detection of chromatograpic instruments and data analysis of SPSS,the results indicate: when the water age is more than 10 days,the number of the three pathogenic bacteria have no obvious changes,while the number and detectable rate of them increase as the depth increasing,and the trend grows gradually strong over time; when the water age is less than 10 days or the ballast water is displaced,the number and detectable rate of the three pathogenic bacteria will not change significantly with the growth of water depth. The research provides theoretical support for the risk assessment of biological invasion and for the research and development of processing equipment of ballast water.
引文
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[2]贾俊涛,李伟才,赵丽青,等.山东主要港口入境船舶压载水中细菌组成的等级聚类分析[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(4):541-544.
[3] STARLIPER CE,WATTEN BJ,IWANOWICZ,et al.Efficacy of p H Elevation as a Bactericidal Strategy for Treating Ballast Water of Freight Carriers[J]. Journal of Advanced Research,2015,6(3):501-509.
[4]沈飚,胡兴娟,汪云泉,等.副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌合检增菌液p H值和盐度的研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2011(11):2682-2684.
[5] MURPHY KR,BOEHME JR,BROWN C,et al. Exploring the Limits of Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence for Determining Seawater Sources and Ballast Water Exchange on the US Pacific Coast[J]. Journal of Marine Systems,2013,111-112(2):157-166.
[6]张硕慧,郭皓.加热法处理船舶压载水对外来生物存活的影响[J].交通环保,1999,20(3):4-5.
[7] DELACROIX S,VOGELSANG C,TOBIESEN A. Disinfection By-Products and Ecotoxicity of Ballast Water After Oxidative Treatment-Results and Experiences from Seven Years of Full-Scale Testing of Ballast Water Management Systems[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,73(1):24-36.
[8]李春丽,刘兵,周君,等.宁波港压载水的细菌多样性研究[J].生态科学,2012,31(6):636-644.
[9] RUIZ G M,RAWINGS T K,DOBBS F C,et al. Global Spread of Microorganisms by Ships[J]. Nature,2000,408(6808):49-50.
[10]李云峰,吴刚,薛芳,等. 16S r DNA序列分析法在国际船舶压载舱沉积物病原微生物检测中的应用[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2009(6):475-477.
[11] REVILLACASTELLANOS VJ, GUERRERO A, GOMEZGIL B,et al. Pathogenic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Isolated from Biofouling on Commercial Vessels and Harbor Structures[J]. Biofouling,2015,31(3):275-82.
[12] MIMURA H,KATAKURA R,ISHIDA H. Changes of Microbial Populations in a Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments on a Voyage from Japan to Qatar[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,50(7):751-781.
[13]刘瑀,王珊,王海霞,等.船舶压载水及其沉积物中浮游生物研究概况[J].海洋环境保护,2011,30(6):831-834.
[14]王珊.船舶压载水及其沉积物中浮游生物种类组成和丰度变化的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2011.
[15]陈闯.船舶压载水微生物群落变化研究及两株海洋细菌鉴定[D].厦门:厦门大学,2010.
[16]李炳乾.福建外来船舶压载水中的浮游生物及其入侵机制的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[17] SEIDEN J M,RIVKIN R B. Biological Controls on Bacterial Populations in Ballast Water During Ocean Transit[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,78(1-2):7-14.
[18]肖南燕.洋山港海域与船舶压载水及沉积物细菌多样性比较[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2016.