海州湾及毗邻海域水交换数值研究
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摘要
基于Environment Fluid Dynamic Code(EFDC)模型,利用水龄概念,研究潮和风对海州湾及毗邻海域水交换的影响。结果表明,全年统计风场下,海州湾的平均水龄相对纯潮流作用下变化幅度为-48.5%~18.4%;夏季风场有利于海州湾的水体交换,水交换时间比纯潮流作用下减小36.3%;冬季风场会减缓海州湾的水体交换,水交换时间比纯潮流作用下增加40.8%,研究表明在开阔海域,季风对水交换影响显著,水交换的季节变化很好地解释了海州湾近岸冬季污染物浓度高、夏季污染物浓度低的动力机制。
Based on Environment Fluid Dynamic Code( EFDC) Model,the concept of water age is used to study the effect of tide and wind on the water exchange time in Haizhou bay and adjacent regions. The results show that the range of the average water age is-48. 5% ~ 18. 4% under annual statistics wind. The summer wind is in favor of the water exchange,and the water exchange time under summer wind conditions is 36. 3% less than that under the tidal force condition only. However,the winter wind slows down the water exchange,and the water exchange time under winter wind conditions can be 40. 8% more than that under the tidal force condition only. The study shows that the water exchange in open sea area is significantly affected by the monsoon,and the seasonal changes of the water exchange well explain the dynamic mechanism of the seasonal changes of the pollutant distribution.
Based on Environment Fluid Dynamic Code( EFDC) Model,the concept of water age is used to study the effect of tide and wind on the water exchange time in Haizhou bay and adjacent regions. The results show that the range of the average water age is-48. 5% ~ 18. 4% under annual statistics wind. The summer wind is in favor of the water exchange,and the water exchange time under summer wind conditions is 36. 3% less than that under the tidal force condition only. However,the winter wind slows down the water exchange,and the water exchange time under winter wind conditions can be 40. 8% more than that under the tidal force condition only. The study shows that the water exchange in open sea area is significantly affected by the monsoon,and the seasonal changes of the water exchange well explain the dynamic mechanism of the seasonal changes of the pollutant distribution.
引文
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[13]CAMACHO R A,MARTIN J L.Hydrodynamic modeling of firstorder transport timescales in the St.Louis Bay estuary,Mississippi[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,139(3):317-331.
[2]MONSEN N E,CLOERN J E,LUCAS L V,et al.A comment on the use of flushing time,residence time,and age as transport time scales[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2002,47(5):1545-1553.
[3]VIERO D P,DEFINA A.Water age,exposure time,and local flushing time in semi-enclosed,tidal basins with negligible freshwater in flow[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2015,156:16-29.
[4]BOLIN B,RODHE H.A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs[J].Tellus,1973,25(1):58-62.
[5]ZIMMERMAN J T F.Mixing and flushing of tidal embayments in the western Dutch Wadden Sea Part I:Distribution of salinity and calculation of mixing time scales[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1976,10(2):149-191.
[6]DELEERSNIJDER E,CAMPIN J M,DELHEZ E J M.The concept of age in marine modelling:I.Theory and preliminary model results[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2001,28(3/4):229-267.
[7]ZHANG W G,WILKIN J L,SCHOFIELD O M E.Simulation of water age and residence time in New York Bight[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,2010,40(5):965-982.
[8]REN Y H,LIN B L,SUN J,et al.Predicting water age distribution in the Pearl River Estuary using a three-dimensional model[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2014,139:276-287.
[9]LIU Z,WANG H Y,GUO X Y,et al.The age of Yellow River water in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2012,117(C11):C11006.
[10]Tetra Technologies Inc.User’s manual for EFDC_explorer 7:A pre/post processor for the environmental fluid dynamics code[R].New York:Dynamic Solutions-International,LLC,2012.
[11]ENGLAND M H.The age of water and ventilation timescales in a global ocean model[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,1995,25(11):2756-2777.
[12]COLE T M,WELLS S A.CE-QUAL-W2:A two-dimensional,laterally averaged,hydrodynamic and water quality model,version 3.7[M].Washington DC:U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,2011.
[13]CAMACHO R A,MARTIN J L.Hydrodynamic modeling of firstorder transport timescales in the St.Louis Bay estuary,Mississippi[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,139(3):317-331.