浅埋软岩段隧道进洞施工变形特征与失稳分析
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摘要
为研究隧道开挖过程中浅埋软岩段塌方变形特征,对隧道地质情况进行有效辨识,结合隧道施工过程围岩监测数据,并依据地质雷达探测结果建立三维数值模型并进行数值分析。研究结果表明:在隧道开挖阶段,拱底与拱顶位置均出现明显塑性区,伴随掌子面逐渐靠近围岩破碎区域,塑性区范围逐渐扩大并向拱顶右上方及围岩内部转移,破碎区域应力水平较低且位移显著增大,围岩完整性大大降低;不良地质构造是隧道发生塌方大变形的主要原因,降雨和地表水的入渗劣化围岩力学性质加速了隧道灾害的发生。对于隧道五级围岩浅埋段施工,应加强监控量测分析并及时做出预警,对关键部位开展超前地质预报工作。研究结果可以指导隧道塌方灾害的防治,对于实现隧道信息化施工具有借鉴意义。
For the collapse accident and stability problem of shallowsoft rock section during tunnel construction,tunnel geological conditions were effectively identified,and a 3D model were set up for analysis based on the result of geological radar and the monitoring data of surrounding rock. The results showed that a significant plastic deformation zone was formed on the arch and vault during the tunnel excavation process. With the tunnel face gradually close to the broken zone of the surrounding rock,the range of plastic zone was gradually enlarged and transferred to the top right of the vault and its surrounding rock. The stress level was relatively low. The vertical displacement of the broken area increased significantly,and the integrity of the surrounding rock was greatly reduced. The main reason for the large deformation of the tunnel was the poor geological structure and the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock due to rainfall and surface water infiltration accelerated the tunnel disaster. For the construction of the tunnel soft rock section in the five class surrounding rock,analysis of the monitoring should be strengthened and early warning should be made in time,the advance geological forecast should be developed in the key parts. The results of the study could give guide to the prevention and control of the landslide of the tunnel disaster,which was of great significance for tunnel informatization construction.
For the collapse accident and stability problem of shallowsoft rock section during tunnel construction,tunnel geological conditions were effectively identified,and a 3D model were set up for analysis based on the result of geological radar and the monitoring data of surrounding rock. The results showed that a significant plastic deformation zone was formed on the arch and vault during the tunnel excavation process. With the tunnel face gradually close to the broken zone of the surrounding rock,the range of plastic zone was gradually enlarged and transferred to the top right of the vault and its surrounding rock. The stress level was relatively low. The vertical displacement of the broken area increased significantly,and the integrity of the surrounding rock was greatly reduced. The main reason for the large deformation of the tunnel was the poor geological structure and the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock due to rainfall and surface water infiltration accelerated the tunnel disaster. For the construction of the tunnel soft rock section in the five class surrounding rock,analysis of the monitoring should be strengthened and early warning should be made in time,the advance geological forecast should be developed in the key parts. The results of the study could give guide to the prevention and control of the landslide of the tunnel disaster,which was of great significance for tunnel informatization construction.
引文
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[21]武科,马明月,李术才.付家冲隧道监控量测与稳定性评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(3):543-549.WU Ke,M A M ingyue,LI Shucai.M onitoring measurement and evaluation of stability in Fujiachong tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space&Engineering,2012,8(3):543-549.
[22]薛翊国,李术才,张庆松,等.隧道信息化施工地质灾害预警预报技术研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2008,38(5):25-30.XUE Yiguo,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Prediction and early-w arning technology of geological hazards in tunnel informational construction[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2008,38(5):25-30.
[23]钟世航,孙宏志,王荣,等.隧道掌子面前方地质预报的现状及发展之路[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(3):180-185.ZHONG Shihang,SUN Hongzhi,WANG Rong,et al.The present situation of the geological prediction in front of tunnel face and its development[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2007,4(3):180-185.
[24]解东升,石少帅,陈士林,等.高风险岩溶隧道突水突泥灾害前兆规律与应用研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2012,42(5):81-86.XIE Dongsheng,SHI Shaoshuai,CHEN Shilin,et al.The precursor law of inrush of clay and w ater in a highrisk karst tunnel and its application[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2012,42(5):81-86.
[25]张庆松,许振浩,李术才,等.岩溶隧道综合超前地质预报方法与工程应用[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2009,39(4):7-11.ZHANG Qingsong,XU Zhenhao,LI Shucai,et al.Integrated advanced geological prediction methods and engineering application of karst tunnels[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2009,39(4):7-11.
[26]曲海锋,刘志刚,朱合华.隧道信息化施工中综合超前地质预报技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1246-1251.QU Haifeng,LIU Zhigang,ZHU Hehua.Technique of synthetic geologic prediction ahead in tunnel informational construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1246-1251.
[2]李术才,周宗青,李利平,等.岩溶隧道突水风险评价理论与方法及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1858-1867.LI Shucai,ZHOU Zongqing,LI Liping,et al.Risk evaluation theory and method of w ater inrush in karst tunnels and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1858-1867.
[3]钱七虎.地下工程建设安全面临的挑战与对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1945-1956.QIAN Qihu.Challenges faced by underground projects construction safety and counter measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):1945-1956.
[4]王立忠,胡亚元,王百林,等.崩塌松散围岩隧道施工稳定分析与监控[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):589-595.WANG Lizhong,HU Yayuan,WANG Bailin,et al.Stability analysis and monitoring for tunnel in loose soils during construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):589-595.
[5]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004(1):7-9,18.WANG M engshu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004(1):7-9,18.
[6]葛颜慧,李术才,张庆松,等.基于风险评价的岩溶隧道综合超前地质预报技术研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010(7):1124-1130.GE Yanhui,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Comprehensive geological prediction based on risk evaluation during tunneling in karst area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010(7):1124-1130.
[7]张庆松,李术才,孙克国,等.公路隧道超前地质预报应用现状与技术分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):766-771.ZHANG Qingsong,LI Shucai,SUN Keguo,et al.Analysis and present state of advance geological forecast technology of highw ay tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(4):766-771.
[8]朱汉华,杨建辉,尚岳全.隧道新奥法原理与发展[J].隧道建设,2008,28(1):11-14.ZHU Hanhua,YANG Jianhui,SHANG Yuequan.New austrian tunneling method and its development[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(1):11-14.
[9]吕国仁,隋斌,王永进,等.浅埋偏压隧道开挖数值模拟及稳定性研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2013,43(4):68-73.LYU Guoren,SUI Bin,WANG Yongjin,et al.Study on numerical simulation and stability analysis shallow buried tunnel excavation under unsymmetrical pressure[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2013,43(4):68-73.
[10]石杰红,王金安.数值模拟与熵突变综合分析边坡下地下工程围岩稳定性[J].金属矿山,2009(3):14-18.SHI Jiehong,WANG Jin'an.Stability analysis of the rocks surrounding the underground excavation under slope by entropy catastrophe and numerical simulation[J].Metal Mine,2009(3):14-18.
[11]陈秋南,张永兴,刘新荣,等.隧道塌方区加固后的施工监测与仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):158-161.CHEN Qiunan,ZHANG Yongxing,LIU Xinrong,et al.In-situ monitoring and fem simulation analysis of consolidation for a collapsed highw ay tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics&Engineering,2006,25(1):158-161.
[12]王迎超.山岭隧道塌方机制及防灾方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2376-2376.WANG Yingchao.Collapse mechanism and preventive measures of mountain tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics&Engineering,2011,30(11):2376-2376.
[13]侯亚彬,陈玉,周成涛,等.基于灰色理论的隧道围岩收敛预测[J].现代隧道技术,2012,49(5):56-59.HOU Yabin,CHEN Yu,ZHOU Chengtao,et al.Grey theory based convergence prediction of surrounding rock[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2012,49(5):56-59.
[14]刘春,易俊,姜德义,等.深埋隧道围岩突变失稳风险预测[J].中国矿业,2008,17(3):93-95.LIU Chun,YI Jun,JIANG Deyi,et al.Instability forecast and risk evaluation of the surrounding rock masses for deep-lying tunnel[J].China M ining M agazine,2008,17(3):93-95.
[15]王心飞,王文广,刘新荣,等.隧道围岩失稳的突变理论分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(3):425-430.WANG Xinfei,WANG Wenguang,LIU Xinrong.M utation theoretical analysis of tunnel surrounding rock instability[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space&Engineering,2008,4(3):425-430.
[16]刘贵应,刘新喜,魏新颜.隧道塌方的尖点灾变模型及应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(2):59-62.LIU Guiying,LIU Xinxi,WEI Xinyan.A cusp catastrophic model for tunnel caving[J].Journal of Geological Hazards&Environment Preservation,2002,13(2):59-62.
[17]孙钧,戚玉亮.隧道围岩稳定性正算反演分析研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2353-2360.SUN Jun,QI Yuliang.Normal calculation-back analysis of surrounding rock stability of subseetunnel[J].Rock&Soil M echanics,2010,31(8):2353-2360.
[18]丁秀丽,董志宏,卢波,等.陡倾角沉积岩地层中大型地下厂房开挖围岩变形失稳特征和反馈分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2019-2026.DING Xiuli,DONG Zhihong,LU Bo,et al.Deformation characteristics and feedback analysis of surrounding rock of large underground pow erhouses excavated in steeply dipped sedimentary rock strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2019-2026.
[19]吕国仁,张寿龙.隧道浅埋偏压段超前预测与围岩稳定控制研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2012,42(5):102-107.LYU Guoren,ZHANG Shoulong.Research on advanced prediction and surrounding rock stability of shallow buried and unsymmetrical loaded section in tunnel excavation[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2012,42(5):102-107.
[20]蒋树屏,赵阳.复杂地质条件下公路隧道围岩监控量测与非确定性反分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3460-3464.JIANG Shuping,ZHAO Yang.Study on monitoring and back analysis for road tunnel w ith complex geology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics&Engineering,2004,23(20):3460-3464.
[21]武科,马明月,李术才.付家冲隧道监控量测与稳定性评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(3):543-549.WU Ke,M A M ingyue,LI Shucai.M onitoring measurement and evaluation of stability in Fujiachong tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space&Engineering,2012,8(3):543-549.
[22]薛翊国,李术才,张庆松,等.隧道信息化施工地质灾害预警预报技术研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2008,38(5):25-30.XUE Yiguo,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Prediction and early-w arning technology of geological hazards in tunnel informational construction[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2008,38(5):25-30.
[23]钟世航,孙宏志,王荣,等.隧道掌子面前方地质预报的现状及发展之路[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(3):180-185.ZHONG Shihang,SUN Hongzhi,WANG Rong,et al.The present situation of the geological prediction in front of tunnel face and its development[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2007,4(3):180-185.
[24]解东升,石少帅,陈士林,等.高风险岩溶隧道突水突泥灾害前兆规律与应用研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2012,42(5):81-86.XIE Dongsheng,SHI Shaoshuai,CHEN Shilin,et al.The precursor law of inrush of clay and w ater in a highrisk karst tunnel and its application[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2012,42(5):81-86.
[25]张庆松,许振浩,李术才,等.岩溶隧道综合超前地质预报方法与工程应用[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2009,39(4):7-11.ZHANG Qingsong,XU Zhenhao,LI Shucai,et al.Integrated advanced geological prediction methods and engineering application of karst tunnels[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2009,39(4):7-11.
[26]曲海锋,刘志刚,朱合华.隧道信息化施工中综合超前地质预报技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1246-1251.QU Haifeng,LIU Zhigang,ZHU Hehua.Technique of synthetic geologic prediction ahead in tunnel informational construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1246-1251.