井筒管流、喷嘴节流及地层渗流耦合的聚驱分注井分层流量调配方法——以大庆油田为例
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摘要
在聚合物的注入过程中,聚合物从井口注入后在油管内流动,利用非牛顿流体力学原理建立垂向管流沿程压力损失方程。当聚合物溶液流过喷嘴时损失一部分压力与粘度。通过室内的聚合物溶液过喷嘴实验,得出了喷嘴的长径比(L/D1)及摩阻系数λ与雷诺数Re之间的关系。应用纲量分析的方法,建立了聚合物流过喷嘴后的压力损失Δp和粘度损失Δη的基本方程。结合实验数据,利用SAS软件进行回归分析,分别得到了压降及粘降关联公式。聚合物溶液流过喷嘴后进入地层,在聚合物溶液压力的作用下,聚合物溶液与岩石空隙的骨架相互挤压,聚合物的注入量也随时间逐渐降低。按照非牛顿流体在地层岩石中的渗流特点建立的单相非牛顿流体径向流的偏微分方程,结合大庆油田聚合物注入井的实际数据和前面的井筒管流、喷嘴节流产生的压力损失Δp和粘度损失Δη来束缚方程的边界条件,使用有限差分将方程离散,并应用软件求解,得出了聚合物注入压力、注入量与时间的关系,为聚合物分层配产提供了理论依据。
In the process of polymer flooding,polymer solution flows first through tubes in wellbore after injected from wellhead. A vertical conduit flow frictional pressure loss equation is set up according to the theory of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. Usually,a part of pressure and viscosity will be lost when the polymer solution flows through a nozzle. The relationships of nozzle length to diameter ratio( L / D 1) with friction coefficient( λ) and Reynolds number( Re) can be established through experiment modeling the process of polymer solution flowing through nozzle. The basic equations of pressure lossΔp and viscosity loss Δη are developed by using dimension analysis method. In combination with the experimental data,an incidence formula of pressure drawdown and dynamic viscosity loss can be built through regression analysis with SAS software. After polymer solution enters strata,it will squeeze the skeleton of rock under pressure of polymer solution and the injection rate will also decrease with time. Partial differential equations of single phase radial flow of nonNewtonian fluid is established according to the seepage characteristics of non-Newtonian flow. The equations are discrete by using the finite difference and solved by software with the boundary conditions of the equations constrained by the real data,pressure drawdown and dynamic viscosity loss caused by conduit flow and throttled flow. The relationships between injection pressure,injection rate and time are established,providing a theoretical basis for separate-layer polymer injection rate allocation.
In the process of polymer flooding,polymer solution flows first through tubes in wellbore after injected from wellhead. A vertical conduit flow frictional pressure loss equation is set up according to the theory of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. Usually,a part of pressure and viscosity will be lost when the polymer solution flows through a nozzle. The relationships of nozzle length to diameter ratio( L / D 1) with friction coefficient( λ) and Reynolds number( Re) can be established through experiment modeling the process of polymer solution flowing through nozzle. The basic equations of pressure lossΔp and viscosity loss Δη are developed by using dimension analysis method. In combination with the experimental data,an incidence formula of pressure drawdown and dynamic viscosity loss can be built through regression analysis with SAS software. After polymer solution enters strata,it will squeeze the skeleton of rock under pressure of polymer solution and the injection rate will also decrease with time. Partial differential equations of single phase radial flow of nonNewtonian fluid is established according to the seepage characteristics of non-Newtonian flow. The equations are discrete by using the finite difference and solved by software with the boundary conditions of the equations constrained by the real data,pressure drawdown and dynamic viscosity loss caused by conduit flow and throttled flow. The relationships between injection pressure,injection rate and time are established,providing a theoretical basis for separate-layer polymer injection rate allocation.
引文
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[18]刘露,李华斌.渗透率变异系数对聚合物驱油影响的数值模拟研究[J].油田化学,2011,4(3):7-9.Liu Lu,Li Huabin.Numerical simulation of the permeability variation coefficient effect on polymer flooding[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2011,4(3):7-9.
[2]王凤兰,石成方,田晓东,等.大庆油田“十一五”期间油田开发主要技术对策研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(2):62-66.Wang Fenglan,Shi Chengfang,Tian Xiaodong,et al.Study on main technical strategy of oilfield development during the Eleventh FiveYear Plan in Daqing oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(2):62-66.
[3]牛为民,徐劭,吕明军.测调集成式细分注水井分层流量测试技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(3):38-39.Niu Weimin,Xu Shao,Lu Mingjun.Zonal flow measurement technique of testing and adjusting integrated sub divided water injection wells[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2000,19(3):38-39.
[4]王玲,梁福民,高瑞林,等.聚合物单管多层分质分压注入技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(2):73-75.Wang Ling,Liang Fumin,Gao Runlin,et al.Polymer separateinjection technology with separate mass and pressure[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(2):73-75.
[5]裴晓含,梁福民,崔海清,等.聚合物驱偏心分质注入技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,26(5):65-66,70.Pei Xiaohan,Liang Fumin,Cui Haiqing,et al.Polymer flood ingeccentric quality sorting injection technology[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfieild Development in Daqing,2006,26(5):65-66,70.
[6]邹艳华,李远,那贺忠.注水井分层流量调配方法研究[J].油气井测试,2003,11(3):7-9.Zou Yanhua,Li Yuan,NA Hezhong.Note well stratified flow allocation method[J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2003,11(3):7-9.
[7]李海成.大庆油田聚合物驱分注工艺现状[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,34(2):296-301.Li Haicheng.Overview of separate injection technique for polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,34(2)296-301.
[8]陈晓红,段宏.聚合物单管多层分注技术原理及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(4):53-55.Chen Xiaohong,Duan Hong.Principle and application of separate zone polymer flooding in multi zone reserviors[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfieild Development in Daqing,2004,23(4)53-55.
[9]单晶,马宏伟,袁云,等.聚合物驱井下单管多层分注工艺[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(3):35-37.Shan Jing,Ma Hongwei,Yuan Yun,et al.Study on downholeseparate layer injection ofpolymer inmulti-layer reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling Production Technology,2005,27(3):35-37.
[10]李晶,王耀东,邱振伟,等.分层注聚管柱的研究与应用[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(增刊):100-102.Li Jing,Wang Yaodong,Qiu Zhenwei,et al.Research and application on the separated layer polymer injection pipe string[J].Oil Field Equipment,2004,33(S1):100-102.
[11]吴望一.流体力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1982.Wu Wangyi.Fluid dynamics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1982.
[12]程心一.计算流体力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.Zheng Xinyi.Computational fluid dynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984.
[13]杨文军,卢德唐,李颖川.井筒管流与地层渗流耦合的注水井分层流量调配方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,8(3):79-83.Yang Wenjun,Lu Detan,Li Yingchuan.Adjustment of respective layer flow rate in injection well through coupling of wellbore pipe-flow and straturm filtering flow[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2009,8(3):79-83.
[14]李朝霞,夏惠芬.聚合物溶液对孔隙结构特征的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,3(2):86-91.Li Zhaoxia,Xia Huifen.Effect of polymer solution on pore structure characteristics[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,3(2):86-91.
[15]何胡军,王秋语,程会明.孤岛中一区聚合物驱后储层参数变化规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,34(2):255-259.He Hujun,Wang Qiuyu,Cheng Huiming,A study on reservoir parameter changes after polymer injection in Block 1 of the central Gudao[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,34(2):255-259.
[16]翟云芳.渗流力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Zhai Yunfang.Seepage mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[17]卢德唐,郭冀义,郑新权.试井分析理论与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.Lu Detang,Guo Mingyi,Zheng Xingquan.Well test analysis theory and methods[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998.
[18]刘露,李华斌.渗透率变异系数对聚合物驱油影响的数值模拟研究[J].油田化学,2011,4(3):7-9.Liu Lu,Li Huabin.Numerical simulation of the permeability variation coefficient effect on polymer flooding[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2011,4(3):7-9.