随机振动激励下的压电俘能器发电性能模拟与分析
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摘要
对一种悬臂梁结构车载压电俘能器发电性能进行了研究。建立了两自由度1/4车辆垂向振动模型,使用仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink分析了路面随机激励下的车体振动响应,并以此作为激励源作用于压电俘能器上,使用有限元法分析了俘能器基频、外接负载、车速、路面不平度对俘能器输出电压、电流和功率的影响关系。结果表明,当俘能器基频与车辆系统固有频率相匹配时,俘能器可以获得更高的输出电压。增加负载阻抗值,俘能器输出电压增加、输出电流减小,存在一个最优负载阻抗(约为200 kΩ)使俘能器输出功率达到最大。负载阻值相同时,提高车速和增加路面不平度系数均可以使俘能器获得更高的输出功率。当车辆以10 m/s速度行驶在B级路面上时,压电俘能器最大输出功率可到达0.5 mW。
The electrical performance of a cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester located at the car body was studied. A two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car model was established. The MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation software was used to obtain the response of the car body under the random road excitation. The car body response was used to excite the piezoelectric vibrator to generate the electricity. The finite element method is used to analyze the effect of the first natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator,the load resistance,the speed of the car,and the road roughness on the output voltage,current,and power. The results show that as the natural frequency of the harvester matches the natural frequency of the car system,the harvester generates higher voltage than mismatch situation. With the increase of the load resistance,the output voltage of the harvester increases and the output current decreases. It exists an optimal load resistance near to 200 kΩ to achieve the maximal power output. With the same load resistance,an increase in the car speed and the coefficient of the road roughness can induce the increase of the power output of the harvester. When the car runs on the road surface of B level at a speed of 10 m/s,the harvester can generate the maximal power output near to 0.5 m W.
The electrical performance of a cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester located at the car body was studied. A two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car model was established. The MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation software was used to obtain the response of the car body under the random road excitation. The car body response was used to excite the piezoelectric vibrator to generate the electricity. The finite element method is used to analyze the effect of the first natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator,the load resistance,the speed of the car,and the road roughness on the output voltage,current,and power. The results show that as the natural frequency of the harvester matches the natural frequency of the car system,the harvester generates higher voltage than mismatch situation. With the increase of the load resistance,the output voltage of the harvester increases and the output current decreases. It exists an optimal load resistance near to 200 kΩ to achieve the maximal power output. With the same load resistance,an increase in the car speed and the coefficient of the road roughness can induce the increase of the power output of the harvester. When the car runs on the road surface of B level at a speed of 10 m/s,the harvester can generate the maximal power output near to 0.5 m W.
引文
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[13] 王红艳,郭媛. 直角复合梁压电俘能器多方向能量收集[J]. 传感技术学报,2016,29(8):1176-1179.王红艳(1974-),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向为振动能量收集、智能材料和结构、线性和非线性动态等,wanghongyan1993@163.com。
[2] 徐振龙,单小彪,谢涛. 宽频压电振动俘能器的研究现状综述[J]. 振动与冲击,2018,37(8):190-199.
[3] Fan K,Liu Z,Liu H,et al. Scavenging Energy from Human Walking through a Shoe-Mounted Piezoelectric Harvester[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2017,110(14):143902.
[4] Liu H,Hou C,Lin J. et al,A Non-Resonant Rotational Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Low-Frequency and Irregular Human Motion[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2018,113:203901.
[5] Tao K,Tang L,Wu J,et al. Investigation of Multimodal Electret-Based MEMS Energy Harvester with Impact-Induced Nonlinearity[J]. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2018,27(2):276-288.
[6] Chen J,Wang,Z. Reviving Vibration Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator[J]. Joule,2017,1(3):480-521.
[7] 刘延彬. 等强度梁式压电振动能量收集器特性研究[J]. 传感技术学报,2018,31(7):1012-1016.
[8] 李孙猛,吴子英,牛峰琦. 简谐激励下的双稳态振动能量收集器动力学分析[J]. 应用力学学报,2016,33(6):1033-1037.
[9] Wang H,Tang L. Modeling and Experiment of Bistable Two-Degree-of-Freedom Energy Harvester with Magnetic Coupling[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2017,86:29-39.
[10] Zhang Z,Kan J,Wang S,et al. Performance Dependence on Initial Free-End Levitation of a Magnetically Levitated Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester With a Composite Cantilever Beam[J]. IEEE Access,2017,5(99):27563-27572.
[11] 吴志成,陈思忠,杨林,等. 基于有理函数的路面不平度时域模型研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报,2009,29(9):795-798.
[12] 余志生. 汽车理论[M]. 第5版. 北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[13] 王红艳,郭媛. 直角复合梁压电俘能器多方向能量收集[J]. 传感技术学报,2016,29(8):1176-1179.王红艳(1974-),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向为振动能量收集、智能材料和结构、线性和非线性动态等,wanghongyan1993@163.com。