构建内涝势冲量的海绵城市内涝程度评价方法
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摘要
近年来我国城市内涝频发,雨季"看海"情况屡见不鲜,而目前对于内涝程度还没有统一的评价指标体系,为了得到更加完善的海绵城市内涝程度评价指标体系,基于城市内涝动态历时特征,提出内涝势冲量的概念,建立城市局部内涝瞬时指标、局部内涝综合指标、区域整体内涝指标标准值等组成的评价城市内涝程度的指标体系及其具体计算分析方法.针对宁波市奉化区中交未来城工程案例,结合SWMM模型计算该区域内涝情况,并采用此评价方法进行分析.结果表明:计算的局部内涝综合指标能有效反映城市内涝点的内涝程度,其内涝设计值可以有效评价城市整体内涝程度;计算的区域整体内涝程度指标平均值能描述LID(低影响开发)措施防涝设计的总体合理性,并且指标体系能有效反映内涝的时空分布特征,指标值采用无量纲量,评价方法更加科学.
Urban waterlogging disasters frequently occur in China in recent years, and "Seeing the Sea" is very common in the rainy season. However, there is no unified evaluation index system to assess the degree of urban intrusion. In order to get a more complete evaluation index system of waterlogging degree of sponge city, the concept of the momentum of waterlogging potential energy was introduced based on the dynamic duration characteristics of urban intrinsic temporality. The indexes system for the evaluation of urban intrinsic degree, including the local indicatory instantaneous index, the local indwelling comprehensive index, the regional overall indifference index standard value, and the corresponding calculation and analysis methods were established. The Zhongjiao Future City in Fenghua District of Ningbo City was taken as a case. The SWMM model was used to calculate the intrinsic conditions in the region. Results show that the calculated local indwelling comprehensive index can effectively reflect the degree of internal flaws and the internal flaw design of the city. The value could evaluate the degree of the city's overall internality. The calculated average of the region's overall internal level can describe the overall rationality of the flood prevention design of the LID(low-impact development) measures, and the index system can effectively reflect the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the internal plutonium. Adopting dimensionless quantity, the evaluation method is proved more scientific.
Urban waterlogging disasters frequently occur in China in recent years, and "Seeing the Sea" is very common in the rainy season. However, there is no unified evaluation index system to assess the degree of urban intrusion. In order to get a more complete evaluation index system of waterlogging degree of sponge city, the concept of the momentum of waterlogging potential energy was introduced based on the dynamic duration characteristics of urban intrinsic temporality. The indexes system for the evaluation of urban intrinsic degree, including the local indicatory instantaneous index, the local indwelling comprehensive index, the regional overall indifference index standard value, and the corresponding calculation and analysis methods were established. The Zhongjiao Future City in Fenghua District of Ningbo City was taken as a case. The SWMM model was used to calculate the intrinsic conditions in the region. Results show that the calculated local indwelling comprehensive index can effectively reflect the degree of internal flaws and the internal flaw design of the city. The value could evaluate the degree of the city's overall internality. The calculated average of the region's overall internal level can describe the overall rationality of the flood prevention design of the LID(low-impact development) measures, and the index system can effectively reflect the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the internal plutonium. Adopting dimensionless quantity, the evaluation method is proved more scientific.
引文
[1] 张炜, 李思敏, 时真男. 我国城市暴雨内涝的成因及其应对策略[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2012, 21(5):180 ZHANG Wei, LI Simin, SHI Zhennan. Formation causes and coping strategies of urban rainstorm waterlogging in China[J]. Journal of Nature Disasters, 2012, 21(5):180
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[11]冯平, 崔广涛, 钟昀. 城市洪涝灾害直接经济损失的评估与预测[J]. 水利学报, 2001, 32(8):64 FENG Ping, CUI Guangtao, ZHONG Yun. On the evaluation and prediction of urban flood economic loss[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001, 32(8):64
[12]付意成, 魏传江, 王启猛,等. 区域洪灾风险评价体系研究[J]. 灾害学, 2009, 24(3):27 FU Yicheng, WEI Chuanjiang, WANG Qimeng, et al. Study on regional flood risk assessment system[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2009, 24(3):27
[13]葛鹏, 岳贤平. 洪涝灾害评估研究综述[J]. 南通大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 11(4):68 GE Peng, YUE Xianping. Review on assessment of flood and waterlogging disaster[J]. Journal of Nantong University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 11(4):68
[14]朱文军. 北京城区内涝风险评估及控制研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2012 ZHU Wenjun. The risk assessment of waterlogging and the suggestion of management in Beijing city[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2012
[15]王志杰,周平,刘川昆,等.海绵城市潜力评估方法及地下排水系统[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2018, 50(3):118 WANG Zhijie, ZHOU Ping, LIU Chuankun, et al. A potential evaluating methods of sponge city and on the underground drainage system[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018, 50(3):118
[16]糜宁. 小尺度区域内涝风险评价指标体系研究—以湖北郧县老城区为例[D]. 武汉: 武汉科技大学, 2016 MI Ning. Study of waterlogging risk assessment system in small-scale region—the old city in Yunyang County of Hubei Province as an example [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2016
[17]城镇内涝防治技术规范:GB 51222—2017[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2017 Technical code for urban flooding prevention and control: GB 51222—2017[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2017
[18]余嵘, 赵丹, 刘渊博,等. SWMM模型中不同LID措施在排水系统模拟中的应用[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2016(1):35 YU Rong, ZHAO Dan, LIU Yuanbo, et al. The application of different LID measures of SWMM model in the drainage system in simulation[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2016(1):35
[19]DIETZ M E, CLAUSEN J C. Stormwater runoff and export changes with development in a traditional and low impact subdivision[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 87(4):560.
[20]HUBER W C, SINGH V P. EPA storm water management model-SWMM[J]. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, 1995, 22: 783
[21]许萍, 何俊超, 任心欣,等. 基于SWMM模型的城市道路LID设施设计参数优化研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2016, 34(2):21 XU Ping, HE Junchao, REN Xinxin, et al. Optimization of LID design parameters of urban road based on SWMM model[J]. Water Resource and Power, 2016, 34(2):21
[22]张少钦, 吴珊, 李俊. 全局敏感性分析在LID措施选择中的应用研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2017, 33(19):125 ZHANG Shaoqin, WU Shan, LI Jun. Application of global sensitivity analysis in selection of LID measures[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2017, 33(19):125
[23]BEDAN E S, CLAUSEN J C. Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from traditional and low impact development watersheds[J]. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2010, 45(4):11
[2] 李保建, 詹健. 基于SWMM模型的南昌市青山湖片区雨洪模拟研究[J]. 工业用水与废水, 2017, 48(5):33 LI Baojian, ZHAN Jian. Simulation study on rainfall flood of Qingshan Lake area in Nanchang by SWMM model[J]. Industrial Water & Wastewater, 2017, 48(5):33
[3] SUN N, HALL M, HONG B, et al. Impact of SWMM catchment discretization: case study in Syracuse, New York[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2014, 19(1):223
[4] GIRONAS J, ROESNER L A, ROSSMAN L A, et al. A new applications manual for the storm water management model (SWMM)[J].Environmental Modelling & Software, 2010, 25(6):813
[5] RUBINATO M, SHUCKSMITH J, SAUL A J, et al. Comparison between InfoWorks hydraulic results and a physical model of an urban drainage system[J]. Water Science & Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2013, 68(2):372
[6] 韩敏, 赵耀. 基于MIKE FLOOD和ArcObjects的洪水淹没模拟及可视化[C]//第27届中国控制会议.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008 HAN Min, ZHAO Yao. Simulation and visualization of flood submergence based on MIKE FLOOD and ArcObjects[C]//The 27th Chinese Control Conference (International). Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2008
[7] PHONG T, RAJIB S, GUILLAUME C, et al. GIS and local knowledge in disaster management: a case study of flood risk mapping in Viet Nam[J]. Disasters, 2010, 33(1):152
[8] XIAO F, MCCALLEY J D. Power system risk assessment and control in a multiobjective framework[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(1):78
[9] ALEKSANDRE K, GINA C. Surface water flooding risk to urban communities: analysis of vulnerability, hazard and exposure[J]. Landscape & Urban Planning, 2011, 103(2):185
[10]ZHAO J, JIN J, GUO Q, et al. Dynamic risk assessment model for flood disaster on a projection pursuit cluster and its application[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research & Risk Assessment, 2014, 28(8):2175
[11]冯平, 崔广涛, 钟昀. 城市洪涝灾害直接经济损失的评估与预测[J]. 水利学报, 2001, 32(8):64 FENG Ping, CUI Guangtao, ZHONG Yun. On the evaluation and prediction of urban flood economic loss[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001, 32(8):64
[12]付意成, 魏传江, 王启猛,等. 区域洪灾风险评价体系研究[J]. 灾害学, 2009, 24(3):27 FU Yicheng, WEI Chuanjiang, WANG Qimeng, et al. Study on regional flood risk assessment system[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2009, 24(3):27
[13]葛鹏, 岳贤平. 洪涝灾害评估研究综述[J]. 南通大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 11(4):68 GE Peng, YUE Xianping. Review on assessment of flood and waterlogging disaster[J]. Journal of Nantong University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 11(4):68
[14]朱文军. 北京城区内涝风险评估及控制研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2012 ZHU Wenjun. The risk assessment of waterlogging and the suggestion of management in Beijing city[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2012
[15]王志杰,周平,刘川昆,等.海绵城市潜力评估方法及地下排水系统[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2018, 50(3):118 WANG Zhijie, ZHOU Ping, LIU Chuankun, et al. A potential evaluating methods of sponge city and on the underground drainage system[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018, 50(3):118
[16]糜宁. 小尺度区域内涝风险评价指标体系研究—以湖北郧县老城区为例[D]. 武汉: 武汉科技大学, 2016 MI Ning. Study of waterlogging risk assessment system in small-scale region—the old city in Yunyang County of Hubei Province as an example [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2016
[17]城镇内涝防治技术规范:GB 51222—2017[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2017 Technical code for urban flooding prevention and control: GB 51222—2017[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2017
[18]余嵘, 赵丹, 刘渊博,等. SWMM模型中不同LID措施在排水系统模拟中的应用[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2016(1):35 YU Rong, ZHAO Dan, LIU Yuanbo, et al. The application of different LID measures of SWMM model in the drainage system in simulation[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2016(1):35
[19]DIETZ M E, CLAUSEN J C. Stormwater runoff and export changes with development in a traditional and low impact subdivision[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 87(4):560.
[20]HUBER W C, SINGH V P. EPA storm water management model-SWMM[J]. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, 1995, 22: 783
[21]许萍, 何俊超, 任心欣,等. 基于SWMM模型的城市道路LID设施设计参数优化研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2016, 34(2):21 XU Ping, HE Junchao, REN Xinxin, et al. Optimization of LID design parameters of urban road based on SWMM model[J]. Water Resource and Power, 2016, 34(2):21
[22]张少钦, 吴珊, 李俊. 全局敏感性分析在LID措施选择中的应用研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2017, 33(19):125 ZHANG Shaoqin, WU Shan, LI Jun. Application of global sensitivity analysis in selection of LID measures[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2017, 33(19):125
[23]BEDAN E S, CLAUSEN J C. Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from traditional and low impact development watersheds[J]. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2010, 45(4):11