洋陆转换带类型特征和形成机理及其在南海北部的表现特征
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摘要
20世纪90年代以来,处于被动大陆边缘与洋盆接壤过渡地带的洋陆转换带(OCTs)因其上覆深水-超深水盆地群具有较大的工业性油气勘探潜力,且本身蕴含了丰富的岩石圈伸展破裂信息而备受关注,已成为当今国际学术研究热点。形成于被动大陆边缘伸展与洋盆扩张背景下的洋陆转换带具有地壳强烈减薄、宽30~170km、存在蛇纹岩或蛇纹石化橄榄岩、缺少铁镁质岩浆、梯度变化明显的地震波速度结构、较高的地表热流值等特殊的地质属性特征,根据岩浆活动的频繁与"Moho面"双层结构等具体信息将洋陆转换带划分为2型4类,即以岩浆剧烈活动、海倾地震反射体(SDRs)、高密度流体底侵和急剧减薄的陆壳为特征的岩浆型(A类)和以海倾拆离断层发育、陆壳相对均匀减薄和贫岩浆作用为特征的非岩浆型(B1、B2、B3类)。基于OCTs构造演化剖析了被动大陆边缘岩石圈伸展裂解进程,并将其总结为3个阶段:第一次纯剪切阶段(弥漫式平均伸展);简单剪切阶段(聚焦式细颈化-地幔出露);第二次纯剪切阶段(火山作用-岩石圈完全裂解)。在洋陆转换带的形成过程中,构造变形的"集中-迁移"现象对于上覆的深水-超深水盆地形态结构具有重要的影响作用。国内外OCTs研究历史和近况的系统调研成果表明,当前南海北部OCTs研究主要反映各种地球物理参数特点,而对OCTs的地质属性和界限仍然不清楚。以鹤山凹陷-双峰盆地为例的分析表明,南海北部发育海倾拆离断层和弱火山作用,洋陆转换带宽60~170km,东宽西窄,其中鹤山凹陷洋陆转换带宽约53.91km,为非典型的非岩浆型B3类洋陆转换带;鹤山凹陷构造演化受洋陆转换带的形成机制控制。分析洋陆转换带的类型特征与形成机理对于了解南海北部被动大陆边缘构造演化、深水-超深水盆地的成因机理有重要启示作用。
Since the 1990 s,ocean-continent transitions(OCTs),located between passive continent margins and ocean basins,have become international academic research spots for overlying deep-ultra deep water basins which are potential for industrial oil and gas accumulation and OCTs themselves contain abundant information of lithospheric stretching and fracturing.OCTs,formed under the background of passive continent margin stretching and ocean basin expanding,have special characteristics of strongly thinning continent crust,existence of serpentinite and serpentinited peridoite,lack of mafic magma,obvious variance of seismic velocity structure and higher ground surface-heat flow value with the width ranging from 30 km to170 km.According to frequent magmatic activities and double structure of " Moho surface",OCTs can be classified into two types with four phases,namely,A,B1,B2 and B3.Based on the tectonic evolution of OCTs,the crustal stretching process of lithosphere at passive continental margins can be divided into three stages,pure shear stage(dispersion-type evenly extending),simple shear stage(centralized crust thinning;mantle being exposed),and pure shear(volcanic influence-lithosphere utmost breaking).During the formation of OCTs,varying tectonic deformations had important impact on overlying deep-ultra deep water basins.A systematic investigation of the historical and current research of OCTs indicates that the present studies of OCTs in northern South China Sea mainly focus on the various geophysical chracteristics and theres is still inadequate indentification of the geological attribute and boundeary.This study first introduces the analysis of Heshan Sag and Shuangfeng Basin and finds detachment faults grow with weak volcanism in the northern South China Sea.There,OCTs,a non-typical non-magmatic B3 type,stands between 60 km and 170 km in width,declining from the east to the west,including 53.91 km OCTs of Heshan-Shuangfeng tectonic evolution of Heshan Sag is deeply controlled by the OCTs mechanism.The analysis of the forming and characteristics of OCTs by tectono-sequence stratigraphy methods is useful for understanding tectonic evolution and the mechanism of deep-ultra deep water basins in northern South China Sea passive continental margins.
Since the 1990 s,ocean-continent transitions(OCTs),located between passive continent margins and ocean basins,have become international academic research spots for overlying deep-ultra deep water basins which are potential for industrial oil and gas accumulation and OCTs themselves contain abundant information of lithospheric stretching and fracturing.OCTs,formed under the background of passive continent margin stretching and ocean basin expanding,have special characteristics of strongly thinning continent crust,existence of serpentinite and serpentinited peridoite,lack of mafic magma,obvious variance of seismic velocity structure and higher ground surface-heat flow value with the width ranging from 30 km to170 km.According to frequent magmatic activities and double structure of " Moho surface",OCTs can be classified into two types with four phases,namely,A,B1,B2 and B3.Based on the tectonic evolution of OCTs,the crustal stretching process of lithosphere at passive continental margins can be divided into three stages,pure shear stage(dispersion-type evenly extending),simple shear stage(centralized crust thinning;mantle being exposed),and pure shear(volcanic influence-lithosphere utmost breaking).During the formation of OCTs,varying tectonic deformations had important impact on overlying deep-ultra deep water basins.A systematic investigation of the historical and current research of OCTs indicates that the present studies of OCTs in northern South China Sea mainly focus on the various geophysical chracteristics and theres is still inadequate indentification of the geological attribute and boundeary.This study first introduces the analysis of Heshan Sag and Shuangfeng Basin and finds detachment faults grow with weak volcanism in the northern South China Sea.There,OCTs,a non-typical non-magmatic B3 type,stands between 60 km and 170 km in width,declining from the east to the west,including 53.91 km OCTs of Heshan-Shuangfeng tectonic evolution of Heshan Sag is deeply controlled by the OCTs mechanism.The analysis of the forming and characteristics of OCTs by tectono-sequence stratigraphy methods is useful for understanding tectonic evolution and the mechanism of deep-ultra deep water basins in northern South China Sea passive continental margins.
引文
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