海上热采及高温井口抬升机理与对策
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摘要
海上热采及高温井口抬升危害极大,严重影响油井生产寿命且增大了井控风险。鉴于此,建立了井筒三维温度场分析模型、多载荷耦合工况下水泥环完整性分析模型以及多管柱复杂井口抬升理论计算模型,形成了一整套井口抬升机理分析方法。研究结果表明:由注热或提升产量引起的高温产生热载荷,破坏固井一界面胶结形成自由套管,在热载荷作用下产生上顶力而导致井口抬升。在此基础上,给出了针对性的对策及建议。研究方法可有效分析海上热采及高温井口抬升机理,给出的对策及建议可帮助问题井复产,并为类似热采井开发生产提供指导。
The widespread and extremely harmful wellhead uplift of offshore thermal recovery well and high temperature well seriously affects the oil well service life and well control risks. A three-dimensional temperature field analysis model of the wellbore,a cement sheath integrity analysis model under multi-load coupling conditions,and a multi-string complex wellhead uplift theoretical calculation model are established,forming a set of wellhead uplift mechanism analysis methods and theories. The results show that the high temperature caused by heat injection or increased production produces thermal load and breaks the first cement interface,resulting in free casing,which generates an uplift force under thermal load and causes the wellhead to rise. Based on the analysis of the wellhead lifting mechanism,the countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the thermal recovery wells and high temperature wells. The research method can effectively analyze the wellhead uplift mechanism of offshore thermal recovery well and high temperature well. The proposed countermeasures and suggestions can help the problem well resume production,and provide guidance for the development of similar thermal recovery wells.
The widespread and extremely harmful wellhead uplift of offshore thermal recovery well and high temperature well seriously affects the oil well service life and well control risks. A three-dimensional temperature field analysis model of the wellbore,a cement sheath integrity analysis model under multi-load coupling conditions,and a multi-string complex wellhead uplift theoretical calculation model are established,forming a set of wellhead uplift mechanism analysis methods and theories. The results show that the high temperature caused by heat injection or increased production produces thermal load and breaks the first cement interface,resulting in free casing,which generates an uplift force under thermal load and causes the wellhead to rise. Based on the analysis of the wellhead lifting mechanism,the countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the thermal recovery wells and high temperature wells. The research method can effectively analyze the wellhead uplift mechanism of offshore thermal recovery well and high temperature well. The proposed countermeasures and suggestions can help the problem well resume production,and provide guidance for the development of similar thermal recovery wells.
引文
[1]钱大伟,许兵,刘宝生,等.海上探井稠油热采测试井口抬升问题的对策研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(6):62-64.QIAN D W,XU B,LIU B S,et al.Countermeasure research on wellhead lifting in offshore oilfield heavy oil exploration well thermal recovery test[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(6):62-64.
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[12]李敬元,李子丰,马兴瑞,等.热采井注汽管柱力学分析[J].工程力学,1998,15(3):51-60.LI J Y,LI Z F,MA X R,et al.Mechanical analysis of tubing in thermal recovery wells[J].Engineering Mechanics,1998,15(3):51-60.
[13]龚宁,李进,陈毅,等.海上油田生产井口抬升原因分析及对策研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(6):51-55.GONG N,LI J,CHEN Y,et al.Cause analysis and strategy research on wellhead rising of offshore production well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(6):51-55.
[14]章国华.可伸缩式热采套管头的研制[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(2):117-118.ZHANG G H.Development of extendable thermal recovery casing head[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(2):117-118.
[15]刘坤芳,张兆银,孙晓明,等.注蒸汽井套管热应力分析及管柱强度设计[J].石油钻探技术,1994,22(4):36-40,61.LIU K F,ZHANG Z Y,SUN X M,et al.Analyses of steam-injected well casing thermal stress and casing string strength design[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1994,22(4):36-40,61.
[2]黄志云.稠油热采井井口抬升问题防治措施[J].石化技术,2016,23(1):85-86.HUANG Z Y.Study on preventive measures for wellhead lifting of heavy oil thermal recovery well[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2016,23(1):85-86.
[3]于继飞,吴晓东,韩国庆,等.海上油井井口温度计算方法探讨[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(5):332-334,337.YU J F,WU X D,HAN G Q,et al.The discussion about how to calculate offshore wellhead temperature[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(5):332-334,337.
[4]MCCABE A C.Well vertical movement on platform wells[R].SPE 19241,1989.
[5]赵益忠,何钧,沈海超,等.长封固段固井套管热应力分析[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(4):109-111.ZHAO Y Z,HE J,SHEN H C,et al.Analysis of the thermal stress of casing for long section cementation[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2007,30(4):109-111.
[6]万仁浦,罗英俊.采油技术手册-第八分册-稠油热采工程技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.WAN R P,LUO Y J.Oil Production technical manualvolume 8-heavy oil thermal recovery engineering technology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[7]殷有泉,陈朝伟,李平恩.套管-水泥环-地层应力分布的理论解[J].力学学报,2006,38(6):835-842.YIN Y Q,CHEN Z W,LI P E.Theoretical solutions of stress distribution in casing-cement and stratum system[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2006,38(6):835-842.
[8]房军,赵怀文,岳伯谦,等.非均匀地应力作用下套管与水泥环的受力分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(6):52-57.FANG J,ZHAO H W,YUE B Q,et al.Analysis of loading propekty of casing and cement sheath under nonuniform geologic stress[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,1995,19(6):52-57.
[9]LI Y,LIU S Q,WANG Z H,et al.Analysis of cement sheath coupling effects of temperature and pressure in non-uniform in-situ stress field[R].SPE 131878,2010.
[10]刘向君,罗平亚.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.LIU X J,LUO P Y.Rock mechanics and petroleum engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[11]林元华,熊浩,邓宽海,等.一种预测井口抬升高度的新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(5):628-632.LIN Y H,XIONG H,DENG K H,et al.An innovative technique for predicting wellhead uplift height[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(5):628-632.
[12]李敬元,李子丰,马兴瑞,等.热采井注汽管柱力学分析[J].工程力学,1998,15(3):51-60.LI J Y,LI Z F,MA X R,et al.Mechanical analysis of tubing in thermal recovery wells[J].Engineering Mechanics,1998,15(3):51-60.
[13]龚宁,李进,陈毅,等.海上油田生产井口抬升原因分析及对策研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(6):51-55.GONG N,LI J,CHEN Y,et al.Cause analysis and strategy research on wellhead rising of offshore production well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(6):51-55.
[14]章国华.可伸缩式热采套管头的研制[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(2):117-118.ZHANG G H.Development of extendable thermal recovery casing head[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(2):117-118.
[15]刘坤芳,张兆银,孙晓明,等.注蒸汽井套管热应力分析及管柱强度设计[J].石油钻探技术,1994,22(4):36-40,61.LIU K F,ZHANG Z Y,SUN X M,et al.Analyses of steam-injected well casing thermal stress and casing string strength design[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1994,22(4):36-40,61.