闽北附近海域悬浮体输运及通量的季节变化
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摘要
基于2015年9月和12月闽北附近海域3条断面上的同步连续沉积动力学观测,结合对应时段的卫星遥感海表温度资料,研究了闽北近岸海域冬季和夏季悬浮体分布和输运通量的变化规律。结果表明,该区域的悬浮体浓度存在明显的季节性变化,冬季季风活动对水体扰动强烈,水体垂向混合较为均匀,近岸沉积物再悬浮活跃,其浓度值明显高于外海;而夏季近岸悬浮体浓度明显降低。在50m以深的外海海域,悬浮体浓度无显著的季节差异,且空间变化幅度很小。受东北季风和闽浙沿岸流的影响,冬季悬浮体总体上沿东北向西南的沿岸方向输送,输运通量由近岸向外海逐渐减小;在夏季,闽北近岸海域悬浮体输运方向与冬季一致,但输运通量显著减小;外海海域的悬浮体输运方向指向东北,输运通量明显高于冬季。在离岸断面上,中间站位(水深约50m)的悬浮体浓度低于其两侧站位的浓度,这是由于在近岸一侧主要受控于闽浙沿岸流,而外海海域主要受控于台湾暖流,50m等深线为闽浙沿岸流和台湾暖流相互作用的交汇处,受闽浙沿岸流和台湾暖流的共同影响。温度锋面与闽北附近海域内的泥质区对应关系较好,温度锋面对悬浮体向外海扩散有明显的抑制作用,温度锋面西北侧悬浮体浓度较高且沉积速率较高。
Based on the simultaneous field observation along three transects off the coastal area of the northern Fujian Province in September and December of 2015,as well as the data of sea surface temperature acquired from MODIS,seasonal variations in suspended sediment concentration(SSC)and transport flux are examined.The results show that the nearshore SSC in winter is much higher than that in summer,and vertical mixing is obviously enhanced in winter due to the intensification of the winter-monsoon.The offshore SSC has low seasonal variability.Because of the strong wind and Min-Zhe coastal current in winter,the nearshore sediment transport flux is much higher than that offshore,and as the result,the sediment is transported southwestward in both summer and winter seasons.However,in the offshore area the sediment is transported northeastward in winter and southwestward in summer.At the stations around 50-m in depth there is no significant seasonal differences in both SSC and sediment flux observed.The distribution of thermal front derived from the sea surface temperature indicates that the interaction between Min-Zhe coastal current and Taiwan Warm Current will join and form a banded transition zone along the 50-m isobath.Facts show that the thermal front plays an important role in the tempo-spatial distri-bution pattern of SSC in the coastal area of the study area.It may constrain the cross-isobath transportation of suspended matter,as indicated by the higher SSC in the nearshore side of thermal front.
Based on the simultaneous field observation along three transects off the coastal area of the northern Fujian Province in September and December of 2015,as well as the data of sea surface temperature acquired from MODIS,seasonal variations in suspended sediment concentration(SSC)and transport flux are examined.The results show that the nearshore SSC in winter is much higher than that in summer,and vertical mixing is obviously enhanced in winter due to the intensification of the winter-monsoon.The offshore SSC has low seasonal variability.Because of the strong wind and Min-Zhe coastal current in winter,the nearshore sediment transport flux is much higher than that offshore,and as the result,the sediment is transported southwestward in both summer and winter seasons.However,in the offshore area the sediment is transported northeastward in winter and southwestward in summer.At the stations around 50-m in depth there is no significant seasonal differences in both SSC and sediment flux observed.The distribution of thermal front derived from the sea surface temperature indicates that the interaction between Min-Zhe coastal current and Taiwan Warm Current will join and form a banded transition zone along the 50-m isobath.Facts show that the thermal front plays an important role in the tempo-spatial distri-bution pattern of SSC in the coastal area of the study area.It may constrain the cross-isobath transportation of suspended matter,as indicated by the higher SSC in the nearshore side of thermal front.
引文
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[22]石学法,刘升发,乔淑卿,等.东海闽浙沿岸泥质区沉积特征与古环境记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010(4):19-30.[SHI Xuefa,LIU Shengfa,QIAO Shuqing,et al.Depositional features and palaeoenvironmental records of the mud deposits in Min-Zhe coastal mud area,East China sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2010(4):19-30.]
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[24]刘兴泉,尹宝树,侯一筠.长江口及其邻近海区环流和温、盐结构动力学研究II.环流的基本特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(4):312-320.[LIU Xingquan,YIN Baoshu,HOU Yiyun.The dynamic of circulation and temperature-salinity structure in the Changjiang mouth and its adjacent marine area[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(4):312-320.]
[25]万小芳,潘爱军,郭小钢,等.台湾海峡西侧水动力环境的季节变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(2):156-163.[WAN Xiaofang,PAN Aijun,GUO Xiaogang,et al.Seasonal variation features of the hydrodynamic environment in the western Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(2):156-163.]
[26]管秉贤.东海海流系统概述[C]//东海大陆架论文集.青岛:中国科学研究院海洋研究所,1978:126-133.[GUAN Bingxian.A summary of current system in the East China Sea[C]//Thesis of Continental Shelf in East China.Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology,China Academy of Sciences,1978:126-183.]
[27]董胜,孔令双.海洋工程环境概论[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2005.[DONG Sheng,KONG Lingshuang.Conspectus on Ocean Engineering Environment[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2005.]
[28]江甘兴.福建海区的潮汐和潮流[J].台湾海峡,1992(2):89-94.[JIANG Ganxing.Tides and tidal currents in Fujian waters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1992(2):89-94.]
[29]Guan B.Patterns and structures of the currents in Bohai,Huanghai and East China Seas[C]//Oceanology of China Seas.Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,1994:17-26.
[30]朱兵.箱线图及其在JCR网络版中的应用[J].农业图书情报学刊,2011,23(8):15-18.[ZHU Bing.Box Plot and its application in JCR web[J].Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture,2011,23(8):15-18.]
[31]Wang H,Yang Z,Li Y,et al.Dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the shear frontal zone off the Huanghe(Yellow River)mouth[J].Continental Shelf Research,2007,27(6):854-871.
[32]孙湘平.中国沿岸海洋水文气象概况[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.[SUN Xiangping.General Situation of the Ocean Hydrometeor Along the Coast of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1981.]
[33]张衡.冬季黄海东海环流和长江冲淡水扩展[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004.[ZHANG Heng.The expansion of Changjiang diluted water and circulation in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2004.]
[34]毕乃双.黄河三角洲毗邻海域悬浮泥沙扩散和季节性变化及冲淤效应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.[BI Naishuang.Suspended sediment dispersal off the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta and in its adjacent Bohai Sea,its seasonal variation and effect on the delta erosion-accumulation[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.]
[35]王从敏,翁学传.台湾海峡水运移路径的分析[J].海洋科学,1987(3):1-5.[WANG Congmin,WENG Xuechuan.An analysis of moving route of the Taiwan Strait water[J].Marine Science,1987(3):1-5.]
[36]Liu S,Qiao L,Li G,et al.Distribution and cross-front transport of suspended particulate matter over the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2015,107:92-102.
[37]张志欣.中国近海沿岸流及毗邻流系的观测与分析研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.[ZHANG Zhixin.Observation and analysis of the coastal current and its adjacent current system in the China offshore waters[D].Qingdao:Ocean U-niversity of China,2014.]
[2]Milliman J D,Syvitski J P M.Geomorphic/Tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean:The importance of small mountainous rivers[J].The Journal of Geology,1992,100(5):525-544.
[3]苏纪兰.中国近海的环流动力机制研究[J].海洋学报,2001(4):1-16.[SU Jilan.A review of circulation dynamics of the coastal oceans near China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001(4):1-16.]
[4]Milliman J D,Qin Y S,Park Y A.Sediments and sedimentary processes in the Yellow and East China Seas[C]//Sedimentary Facies in the Active Plate Margin,Terra Scientific Publishing Company,Tokyo,1989:233-249.
[5]Demaster D J,Mckee B A,Nittrouer C A,et al.Rates of sediment accumulation and particle reworking based on radiochemical measurements from continental shelf deposits in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,1985,4(1):143-158.
[6]Yang Z,Saito Y,Guo Z,et al.Distal mud area as a material sink in the East China Sea[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Global Fluxes of Carbon and Its Related Substances in the Coastal Sea-ocean Atmosphere System.Sapporo:(Japan)Hokkido University,1994:1-6.
[7]全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查成果编委会.中国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查报告[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.[Editorial Committee of Chinese Coastal Zone and Tidal Flat Resources.Comprehensive Investigation of the Coastal Zone and Tidal Flat Resources in China[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1991.]
[8]严恺,梁其荀.中国海岸带综合调查初步成果[J].水道港口,1990(1):1-9.[YAN Kai,LIANG Qixun.Preliminary achievements in the comprehensive survey of the coastal zone in China[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,1990(1):1-9.]
[9]国家海洋局.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项综合报告[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.[State Oceanic Administration.Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment in Offshore of China[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2012.]
[10]肖尚斌,李安春,刘卫国,等.闽浙沿岸泥质沉积的物源分析[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(2):185-191.[XIAO Shangbin,LI Anchun,LIU Weiguo,et al.Provenance analysis of coastal Fujian and Zhejiang mud sediments[J].Progress in Natural Science,2009,19(2):185-191.]
[11]Liu S,Shi X,Liu Y,et al.Records of the East Asian winter monsoon from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea since the mid-Holocene[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(21):2306-2314.
[12]Liu J P,Li A C,Xu K H,et al.Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(17-18):2141-2156.
[13]Liu J P,Liu C S,Xu K H,et al.Flux and fate of small mountainous rivers derived sediments into the Taiwan Strait[J].Marine Geology,2008,256(1-4):65-76.
[15]Liu S,Qiao L,Li G,et al.Distribution and cross-front transport of suspended particulate matter over the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2015,107:92-102.
[16]Li F,Li P,Zhang X R,et al.Transport of suspended matter from the Changjiang River to the East China Sea shelf[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1997,15(3):264-270.
[17]Yanagi T,Takahashi S,Hoshika A,et al.Seasonal variation in the transport of suspended matter in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography,1996,52(5):539-552.
[18]Dong L X,Guan W B,Chen Q,et al.Sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(3):248-258.
[19]Bian C,Jiang W,Quan Q,et al.Distributions of suspended sediment concentration in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on field surveys during the four seasons of 2011[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2013,121-122:24-35.
[20]Bian C,Jiang W,Greatbatch R J,et al.The suspended sediment concentration distribution in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2013,12(3):345-354.
[21]Li Y,Li H,Qiao L,et al.Storm deposition layer on the Fujian coast generated by Typhoon Saola(2012)[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:14904.
[22]石学法,刘升发,乔淑卿,等.东海闽浙沿岸泥质区沉积特征与古环境记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010(4):19-30.[SHI Xuefa,LIU Shengfa,QIAO Shuqing,et al.Depositional features and palaeoenvironmental records of the mud deposits in Min-Zhe coastal mud area,East China sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2010(4):19-30.]
[23]曾定勇,倪晓波,黄大吉.冬季浙闽沿岸流与台湾暖流在浙南海域的时空变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012(7):1123-1134.[ZENG Dingyong,NI Xiaobo,HUANG Daji.Temporal and spatial variability of the ZheMin Coastal Current and the Taiwan Warm Current in winter in the southern Zhejiang coastal sea(in Chinese)[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2012(7):1123-1134.]
[24]刘兴泉,尹宝树,侯一筠.长江口及其邻近海区环流和温、盐结构动力学研究II.环流的基本特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(4):312-320.[LIU Xingquan,YIN Baoshu,HOU Yiyun.The dynamic of circulation and temperature-salinity structure in the Changjiang mouth and its adjacent marine area[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(4):312-320.]
[25]万小芳,潘爱军,郭小钢,等.台湾海峡西侧水动力环境的季节变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(2):156-163.[WAN Xiaofang,PAN Aijun,GUO Xiaogang,et al.Seasonal variation features of the hydrodynamic environment in the western Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(2):156-163.]
[26]管秉贤.东海海流系统概述[C]//东海大陆架论文集.青岛:中国科学研究院海洋研究所,1978:126-133.[GUAN Bingxian.A summary of current system in the East China Sea[C]//Thesis of Continental Shelf in East China.Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology,China Academy of Sciences,1978:126-183.]
[27]董胜,孔令双.海洋工程环境概论[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2005.[DONG Sheng,KONG Lingshuang.Conspectus on Ocean Engineering Environment[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2005.]
[28]江甘兴.福建海区的潮汐和潮流[J].台湾海峡,1992(2):89-94.[JIANG Ganxing.Tides and tidal currents in Fujian waters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1992(2):89-94.]
[29]Guan B.Patterns and structures of the currents in Bohai,Huanghai and East China Seas[C]//Oceanology of China Seas.Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,1994:17-26.
[30]朱兵.箱线图及其在JCR网络版中的应用[J].农业图书情报学刊,2011,23(8):15-18.[ZHU Bing.Box Plot and its application in JCR web[J].Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture,2011,23(8):15-18.]
[31]Wang H,Yang Z,Li Y,et al.Dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the shear frontal zone off the Huanghe(Yellow River)mouth[J].Continental Shelf Research,2007,27(6):854-871.
[32]孙湘平.中国沿岸海洋水文气象概况[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.[SUN Xiangping.General Situation of the Ocean Hydrometeor Along the Coast of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1981.]
[33]张衡.冬季黄海东海环流和长江冲淡水扩展[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004.[ZHANG Heng.The expansion of Changjiang diluted water and circulation in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2004.]
[34]毕乃双.黄河三角洲毗邻海域悬浮泥沙扩散和季节性变化及冲淤效应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.[BI Naishuang.Suspended sediment dispersal off the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta and in its adjacent Bohai Sea,its seasonal variation and effect on the delta erosion-accumulation[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.]
[35]王从敏,翁学传.台湾海峡水运移路径的分析[J].海洋科学,1987(3):1-5.[WANG Congmin,WENG Xuechuan.An analysis of moving route of the Taiwan Strait water[J].Marine Science,1987(3):1-5.]
[36]Liu S,Qiao L,Li G,et al.Distribution and cross-front transport of suspended particulate matter over the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2015,107:92-102.
[37]张志欣.中国近海沿岸流及毗邻流系的观测与分析研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.[ZHANG Zhixin.Observation and analysis of the coastal current and its adjacent current system in the China offshore waters[D].Qingdao:Ocean U-niversity of China,2014.]