绿色屋顶基质成分的选择对屋顶径流的改善效应
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摘要
生长基质的选择在决定绿色屋顶径流质量中起着重要作用。但是,目前还没有系统的研究来设计一种提高径流质量的基质。为了研究利用低成本和环保材料设计一种绿色屋顶基质,通过多因子分析设计,共制备了13种不同的基质混合料。结果发现,最佳混合基质(20%加工硅质土、30%蛭石、10%砂、20%LECA(轻量级的膨胀黏土聚合物)、10%椰糠泥炭土、10%马尾藻)具有较高的持水能力(67.6%)、孔隙率(21%)、导水率(5 524 mm/h)和较低的容重(495 kg/m~3);通过马齿苋种植对比试验,结果显示,最佳配比的基质为马齿苋的生长提供了最优的生长条件;通过检测填充反应器下游水质的金属离子污染情况,结果表明,绿色屋顶基质对各种金属离子都具有较高的吸附能力。
The selection of growth substrates plays an important role in determining the runoff quality of green roofs. However, there is no systematic study to improve runoff quality by designing substrates. Therefore, this study aimed to design green roof substrate by using environmental friendly and low cost materials. The inorganic components of substrate included sand, vermiculite, processed siliceous soil and light clay aggregates(LECA). The organic components included coconut peat soil and sargasso. 13 different kinds of substrate was prepared by factorial design. The result showed that the optimum mixed substrate(10% sand, 30% vermiculite, 20%processing siliceous sand soil, 20% LECA, 10% sargassom, 10% coconut peat)had low bulk density(495 kg/m~3), high air filled porosity(21%), high water-holding capacity(67.6%), high hydraulic conductivity(5 524 mm/h). The optimum substrate also provided the optimal growth condition for Portulaca oleracea. The results showed that the green roof substrate had a high adsorption capacity for various metal ions by detecting the metal ion pollution in the downstream water quality of the filled reactor.
The selection of growth substrates plays an important role in determining the runoff quality of green roofs. However, there is no systematic study to improve runoff quality by designing substrates. Therefore, this study aimed to design green roof substrate by using environmental friendly and low cost materials. The inorganic components of substrate included sand, vermiculite, processed siliceous soil and light clay aggregates(LECA). The organic components included coconut peat soil and sargasso. 13 different kinds of substrate was prepared by factorial design. The result showed that the optimum mixed substrate(10% sand, 30% vermiculite, 20%processing siliceous sand soil, 20% LECA, 10% sargassom, 10% coconut peat)had low bulk density(495 kg/m~3), high air filled porosity(21%), high water-holding capacity(67.6%), high hydraulic conductivity(5 524 mm/h). The optimum substrate also provided the optimal growth condition for Portulaca oleracea. The results showed that the green roof substrate had a high adsorption capacity for various metal ions by detecting the metal ion pollution in the downstream water quality of the filled reactor.
引文
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[18]葛德,张守红.不同降雨条件下植被对绿色屋顶径流调控效益影响[J].环境科学,2018(11):5015-5023.
[19]TEIXEIRA M,CARVALHO I S.Effects of salt stress on purslane(Portulaca oleracea)nutrition[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2009,154:77-86.
[20]MALANDRINO M.Adsorption of heavy metals on vermiculite:influence of pH and organic ligands[J].Journal of Colloids and Interface Science,2006,299:537-546.
[21]章孙逊,张守红,张英,等.植被对绿色屋顶径流量和水质的影响[J].环境科学,2019(8):1-12.
[22]秦华鹏,唐女,唐巧玲.蓄水层对绿色屋顶径流削减能力的影响分析[J].中国给水排水,2016(13):132-135.
[2]VIJAYARAGHAVAN K,PREMKUMAR Y,JEGAN J.Malachite green and crystal violet biosorption onto coco-peat:characterization and removal studies[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57:6423-6431.
[3]BLANK L,et al.Directions in green roof research:a bibliometric study[J].Building and Environment,2013,66:23-28.
[4]CZEMIEL BERNDTSSON J C.Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36:351-360.
[5]VIJAYARAGHAVAN K,JOSHI U M.Can green roof act as a sink for contaminants?A methodological study to evaluate runoff quality from green roofs[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,194:121-129.
[6]DVORAK B,VOLDER A.Green roof vegetation for North American ecoregions:a literature review[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,96:197-213.
[7]NAGASE A,DUNNETT N.The relationship between percentage of organic matter in substrate and plant growth in extensive green roofs[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,103:230-236.
[8]CAO C T N.Biochar makes green roof substrates lighter and improves water supplytoplants[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,71:368-374.
[9]BATES A J.Effects of recycled aggregate growth substrate on green roof vegetation development:a six year experiment[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2015,135:22-31.
[10]MORAN A,HUNT B.A North Carolina field study to evaluate greenroof runoff quantity,runoff quality and plant growth[J].World Water&Environmental Resources Congress,2003(5):1-10.
[11]BERNDTSSON J C,EMILSSON T,BENGTSSON L.The influence of extensive vegetated roofs on runoff water quality[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,355:48-63.
[12]MALCOLM E G.Measurements of nutrients and mercury in green roof and gravel roof runoff[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,73:705-712.
[13]VIJAYARAGHAVAN K,RAJA F D.Pilot-scale evaluation of green roofs with Sargassum biomass as an additive to improve runoff quality[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,75:70-78.
[14]李俊生,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.绿色屋顶雨洪调控能力与效益评价[J].环境科学,2019(4):1803-1810.
[15]陈尧.ASTM制定种植屋面建议标准[J].中国建筑防水,2010(21):52.
[16]FARRELL C,ANG X Q,RAYNER J P.Water-retention additives increase plant available water in green roof substrates[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,52:112-118.
[17]田娟.填充床电极反应器电沉积铜的影响因素实验研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2014.
[18]葛德,张守红.不同降雨条件下植被对绿色屋顶径流调控效益影响[J].环境科学,2018(11):5015-5023.
[19]TEIXEIRA M,CARVALHO I S.Effects of salt stress on purslane(Portulaca oleracea)nutrition[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2009,154:77-86.
[20]MALANDRINO M.Adsorption of heavy metals on vermiculite:influence of pH and organic ligands[J].Journal of Colloids and Interface Science,2006,299:537-546.
[21]章孙逊,张守红,张英,等.植被对绿色屋顶径流量和水质的影响[J].环境科学,2019(8):1-12.
[22]秦华鹏,唐女,唐巧玲.蓄水层对绿色屋顶径流削减能力的影响分析[J].中国给水排水,2016(13):132-135.
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