农村有机生活垃圾沼气发酵工艺优化及菌群分析
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摘要
为了了解沼气发酵对农村有机生活垃圾中细菌菌群的影响,文章从2个正在稳定运行的20 L反应器中选取两个水力停留时间(15 d,20 d)进行实验。实验结果表明,农村有机生活垃圾在2个水力停留时间内,沼气产量随水力停留时间的缩短而提高;沼气中甲烷成分均大于50%,粒径大的反应器中沼气甲烷成分要高于粒径小的反应器;在所选4批次的原料中,存在的病原菌为Enterobacter和Enterococcus,未发现Salmonella,Shigella Castellani及Staphylococcus Aureus,随着沼气发酵的进行,原料中腐败性细菌减少,发酵性细菌增加。
In order to understand the effect of biogas fermentation on bacterial flora in the rural organic waste, two 20 L reactors in stable operation were selected and two hydraulic retention times(15 d, 20 d) were experimented. The experimental results showed that,from the tested 2 hydraulic retention time, the biogas production increased with the shortening of the hydraulic retention time. The methane content in biogas was greater than 50%, and the methane content in the reactor with larger particle size was higher than that with smaller particle size. In the 4 batches of raw materials selected, there existed pathogenic bacteria Enterobacter and Enterococcus, no Salmonella, Shigella Castellani and Staphylococcus Aureus were found. As the biogas fermentation went on, pathogenic bacteria became less, and fermentation bacteria became more.
In order to understand the effect of biogas fermentation on bacterial flora in the rural organic waste, two 20 L reactors in stable operation were selected and two hydraulic retention times(15 d, 20 d) were experimented. The experimental results showed that,from the tested 2 hydraulic retention time, the biogas production increased with the shortening of the hydraulic retention time. The methane content in biogas was greater than 50%, and the methane content in the reactor with larger particle size was higher than that with smaller particle size. In the 4 batches of raw materials selected, there existed pathogenic bacteria Enterobacter and Enterococcus, no Salmonella, Shigella Castellani and Staphylococcus Aureus were found. As the biogas fermentation went on, pathogenic bacteria became less, and fermentation bacteria became more.
引文
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[12] 张严化.餐厨废弃物早期储运过程中菌群动态的研究及抑菌初探[D].北京:中国农业科学院研究生院,2015
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[16] Da Silva M L B,Cantao M E,Mezzari M P,et al.Assessment of bacterial and archaeal community structure in swine wastewater treatment processes[J].Microb Ecol,2015,70:77-87.
[17] 麻微微.沼气发酵复合菌系厌氧发酵特性及微生物群落结构分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
[2] 韩智勇,费勇强,刘丹, 等.中国农村生活垃圾的产生量与物理特性分析及处理建议[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(15):1-14.
[3] 王延昌,袁巧霞,谢景欢,等.餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵特性的研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(9):1667-1682.
[4] 岳波,张志彬,孙英杰,等.我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(6): 129-134.
[5] 张敏,韩智勇,姜磊,等.我国部分地区农村生活垃圾处理现状及模式[J].中国沼气,2016,34(2): 89-95.
[6] Manas Ranjian Ray, Sanghita Raychoudhury, Gopeshwar Mukherjee, et al.Respiratory and general health impairments of workers employed in a municipal solid waste disposal at an open landfill site in Delhi[J].International Joural of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2005,208(4):255-262.
[7] 罗臣乾,王星,张国治,等.接种率及尿素添加量对农村生活垃圾厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,(02):168-174.
[8] Theresa E,Kearney M J,Larkin Frost,et al.Survival of pathogenic bacteria during mesophilic anaerobic digestion of animal waste[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1993,75:215-219.
[9] A J Termorshuizen, D Volker, W J Block,et al.Survival of human and plant pathogens during anaerobic mesophilic digestion of vegetable, fruit, and garden waste[J].Europen Journal of Soil Biology,2003,39: 165-171.
[10] 王艳芹,付龙云,杨光,等.农村有机生活垃圾等混合物料厌氧发酵产沼气性能[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1173-1179.
[11] Leena Sahlstrom.A review of survival of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste used in biogas plants[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,87: 161-166.
[12] 张严化.餐厨废弃物早期储运过程中菌群动态的研究及抑菌初探[D].北京:中国农业科学院研究生院,2015
[13] Da Silva M L B,Cantao M E,Mezzari M P,et al.Assessment of bacterial and archaeal community structure in swine wastewater treatment processes[J].Microb Ecol,2015,70:77–87.
[14] 邓良伟,刘刈,郑丹,等.沼气工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[15] Ariesyady H D,Ito T,Okabe S.Functional bacterial and archaeal community structures of major trophic groups in a full-scale anaerobic sludge digester[J].Water Res,2007,41:1554-1568.
[16] Da Silva M L B,Cantao M E,Mezzari M P,et al.Assessment of bacterial and archaeal community structure in swine wastewater treatment processes[J].Microb Ecol,2015,70:77-87.
[17] 麻微微.沼气发酵复合菌系厌氧发酵特性及微生物群落结构分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
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