油田采出水回注处理技术现状及展望
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摘要
在对油田采出水水质特点及回注水水质标准分析的基础上,针对油田采出水水量大、成分复杂、水质水量波动大等特点,综述了目前国内外应用广泛、油水分离效果较好的回注处理工艺,包括重力分离法、气浮法、水力旋流技术、粗粒化技术、过滤法、混凝沉淀法、化学氧化法、生物处理法和膜分离技术等,并对比分析了各种处理方法在工程应用中的优缺点。同时介绍了2种国内研发的采出水处理新装备,分别是应用于海上油田的小型化管道式油水分离器和应用于陆地油田高含水期的一体化预分水装置。最后展望了油田采出水处理技术装备的发展趋势,低成本、高效率、小型化、自动化是今后采出水处理技术及设备发展的方向。
Typically,oilfield produced water has characteristics such as large amount,complex compositions and violent fluctuations of quality and quantity of water.Based on analyzing the characteristics of oilfield produced water and the standards of reinjected water,this paper reviews the reinjection and treatment technologies that are commonly used worldwide at present and can achieve better separation efficiency of oil and water,such as gravitational separation method,gas flotation method,hydrocyclone technology,coarse graining technology,filtration method,coagulation sedimentation method,chemical oxidation method,biological treatment technology,membrane separation technology and so on.Their advantages and disadvantages in practical applications are compared and analyzed. Additionally,two sets of novel treatment equipment for oilfield produced water are introduced,and the development trends of technologies and equipment for produced water treatment and reinjection are prospected.
Typically,oilfield produced water has characteristics such as large amount,complex compositions and violent fluctuations of quality and quantity of water.Based on analyzing the characteristics of oilfield produced water and the standards of reinjected water,this paper reviews the reinjection and treatment technologies that are commonly used worldwide at present and can achieve better separation efficiency of oil and water,such as gravitational separation method,gas flotation method,hydrocyclone technology,coarse graining technology,filtration method,coagulation sedimentation method,chemical oxidation method,biological treatment technology,membrane separation technology and so on.Their advantages and disadvantages in practical applications are compared and analyzed. Additionally,two sets of novel treatment equipment for oilfield produced water are introduced,and the development trends of technologies and equipment for produced water treatment and reinjection are prospected.
引文
[1]谭文捷,党伟,唐志伟,等.油田采出水回用技术研究进展[J].化工环保,2010,30(6):501-504.
[2]国家能源局.ST/T 5329-2012.碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[3]孙东方.立式沉降罐分离特性研究及结构优化[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.
[4]曹怀山,姜红,谭云贤,等.胜利油田回注污水处理技术现状及发展趋势[J].油田化学,2009,26(2):218-221,226.
[5]Liu S,Zhao X,Dong X,et al.Treatment of produced water from polymer flooding process using a new type of air sparged hydrocyclone[C].SPE Asia Pacific Health,Safety and Environment Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005.
[6]Seureau J J,Aurelle Y,Hoyack M E.A three-phase separator for the removal of oil and solids from produced water[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1994.
[7]Matthews C M,Chachula R,Peachey B R,et al.Application of downhole oil/water separation systems in the Alliance field[C].SPE Health,Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1996.
[8]陈雷,祁佩时,王鹤立.聚结除油性能及机理的探讨[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(1):16-19.
[9]Yang Y,Zhang X,Wang Z.Oilfield produced water treatment with surface-modified fiber ball media filtration[J].Water Science and Technolog,2002,46(11/12):165-170.
[10]Sun Y,Zhu C,Zheng H,et al.Characterization and coagulation behavior of polymeric aluminum ferric silicate for high-concentration oily wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2017,119:23-32.
[11]Cha Z,Lin C F,Cheng C J,et al.Removal of oil and oil sheen from produced water by pressure-assisted ozonation and sand filtration[J].Chemosphere,2010,78(5):583-590.
[12]Silva S S D,Chiavone-Filho O,Neto E L D B,et al.Oil removal from produced water by conjugation of flotation and photo-Fenton processes[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,147:257-263.
[13]Gong W J,Fang L,Xi D L.Supercritical water oxidation of acrylic acid production wastewater in transpiring wall reactor[J].Environmental Technology,2014,35(7):907-916.
[14]Zhang M,Wang J,Zhang Z,et al.A field pilot-scale study of biological treatment of heavy oil-produced water by biological filter with airlift aeration and hydrolytic acidification system[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2016,23(5):4919-4930.
[15]Su D L,Li C,Wang J L,et al.Treatment of oil-field produced water by combined process of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR)-Biological Aerated Filter(BAF):A pilot study[J].International Journal of Environment and Pollution,2009,38(1/2):69-80.
[16]Yang Q,Xiong P,Ding P,et al.Treatment of petrochemical wastewater by microaerobic hydrolysis and anoxic/oxic processes and analysis of bacterial diversity[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,196(4):169-175.
[17]Ma F,Guo J B,Zhao L J,et al.Application of bioaugmentation to improve the activated sludge system into the contact oxidation system treating petrochemical wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(2):597-602.
[18]Shokrollahzadeh S,Azizmohseni F,Gomohammad F,et al.Biodegradation potential and bacterial diversity of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in Iran[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6127-6133.
[19]Wong J M.Membranes for wastewater reclamation and reuse for petrochemical and petroleum refining industries[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2011,2011(15):1727-1738.
[20]Ravanchi M T,Kaghazchi T,Kargari A.Application of membrane separation processes in petrochemical industry[J].Desalination,2009,235(1):199-244.
[21]Zhao S,Minier-Matar J,Chou S,et al.Gas field produced/process water treatment using forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane:Membrane fouling and chemical cleaning[J].Desalination,2017,402:143-151.
[22]Ebrahimi M,Willershausen D,Ashaghi K S,et al.Investigations on the use of different ceramic membranes for efficient oil-field produced water treatment[J].Desalination,2010,250(3):991-996.
[23]Macedonio F,Ali A,Poerio T,et al.Direct contact membrane distillation for treatment of oilfield produced water[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2014,126(15):69-81.
[24]吴应湘,许晶禹.油水分离技术[J].力学进展,2015,45(6):179-216.
[25]党伟,胡长朝,王莉莉,等.一体化预分水装置在高含水油田的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2016,35(1):91-93.
[2]国家能源局.ST/T 5329-2012.碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[3]孙东方.立式沉降罐分离特性研究及结构优化[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.
[4]曹怀山,姜红,谭云贤,等.胜利油田回注污水处理技术现状及发展趋势[J].油田化学,2009,26(2):218-221,226.
[5]Liu S,Zhao X,Dong X,et al.Treatment of produced water from polymer flooding process using a new type of air sparged hydrocyclone[C].SPE Asia Pacific Health,Safety and Environment Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005.
[6]Seureau J J,Aurelle Y,Hoyack M E.A three-phase separator for the removal of oil and solids from produced water[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1994.
[7]Matthews C M,Chachula R,Peachey B R,et al.Application of downhole oil/water separation systems in the Alliance field[C].SPE Health,Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1996.
[8]陈雷,祁佩时,王鹤立.聚结除油性能及机理的探讨[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(1):16-19.
[9]Yang Y,Zhang X,Wang Z.Oilfield produced water treatment with surface-modified fiber ball media filtration[J].Water Science and Technolog,2002,46(11/12):165-170.
[10]Sun Y,Zhu C,Zheng H,et al.Characterization and coagulation behavior of polymeric aluminum ferric silicate for high-concentration oily wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2017,119:23-32.
[11]Cha Z,Lin C F,Cheng C J,et al.Removal of oil and oil sheen from produced water by pressure-assisted ozonation and sand filtration[J].Chemosphere,2010,78(5):583-590.
[12]Silva S S D,Chiavone-Filho O,Neto E L D B,et al.Oil removal from produced water by conjugation of flotation and photo-Fenton processes[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,147:257-263.
[13]Gong W J,Fang L,Xi D L.Supercritical water oxidation of acrylic acid production wastewater in transpiring wall reactor[J].Environmental Technology,2014,35(7):907-916.
[14]Zhang M,Wang J,Zhang Z,et al.A field pilot-scale study of biological treatment of heavy oil-produced water by biological filter with airlift aeration and hydrolytic acidification system[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2016,23(5):4919-4930.
[15]Su D L,Li C,Wang J L,et al.Treatment of oil-field produced water by combined process of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR)-Biological Aerated Filter(BAF):A pilot study[J].International Journal of Environment and Pollution,2009,38(1/2):69-80.
[16]Yang Q,Xiong P,Ding P,et al.Treatment of petrochemical wastewater by microaerobic hydrolysis and anoxic/oxic processes and analysis of bacterial diversity[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,196(4):169-175.
[17]Ma F,Guo J B,Zhao L J,et al.Application of bioaugmentation to improve the activated sludge system into the contact oxidation system treating petrochemical wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(2):597-602.
[18]Shokrollahzadeh S,Azizmohseni F,Gomohammad F,et al.Biodegradation potential and bacterial diversity of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in Iran[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6127-6133.
[19]Wong J M.Membranes for wastewater reclamation and reuse for petrochemical and petroleum refining industries[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2011,2011(15):1727-1738.
[20]Ravanchi M T,Kaghazchi T,Kargari A.Application of membrane separation processes in petrochemical industry[J].Desalination,2009,235(1):199-244.
[21]Zhao S,Minier-Matar J,Chou S,et al.Gas field produced/process water treatment using forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane:Membrane fouling and chemical cleaning[J].Desalination,2017,402:143-151.
[22]Ebrahimi M,Willershausen D,Ashaghi K S,et al.Investigations on the use of different ceramic membranes for efficient oil-field produced water treatment[J].Desalination,2010,250(3):991-996.
[23]Macedonio F,Ali A,Poerio T,et al.Direct contact membrane distillation for treatment of oilfield produced water[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2014,126(15):69-81.
[24]吴应湘,许晶禹.油水分离技术[J].力学进展,2015,45(6):179-216.
[25]党伟,胡长朝,王莉莉,等.一体化预分水装置在高含水油田的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2016,35(1):91-93.