宽频带特高分辨率地震反射时间和振幅随频率变化规律
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摘要
江75井区宽频带特高分辨率地震大幅度提高了地震分辨率,并使反射同相轴数目增加,同时相同地层的反射界面与常规地震剖面相比存在明显时差,反射振幅也发生了较大变化。为了分析其原因,根据薄层地震响应原理,用不同频率合成地震记录和正演模型研究了薄层地震反射时间和振幅随频率变化规律。薄层反射时间随着频率提高垂向逐渐归位,层间干扰变小,薄层厚度更准确;薄层反射振幅随着频率提高逐渐增强,薄层反射横向分辨率不断提高。江75井区宽频带特高分辨率地震反射波垂向归位好,反射时间精度高,薄层砂岩反射振幅得到增强。应用同一反射层高低频地震之间的反射时差与薄层储层反射同相轴振幅属性分析2种方法,使江75井区河道砂体剖面、平面特征明显,提高了薄互层储层的识别能力,为寻找和落实储层分布与含油气圈闭提供了有效的技术支持。
The seismic resolution was greatly improved by broadband ultra-high-resolution seismic survey in Well Block J75,the number of the reflection events was increased,at the same time,there existed obvious time difference in the reflection interface of the same stratum from the conventional seismic profile,the reflection amplitude changed greatly. In order to analyze the causes of this phenomena,according to the principle of seismic response of the thin layer,the variation laws of the seismic reflection time and amplitude with the frequency was studied by the synthetic seismic records and forward models with different frequencies. The reflection time of the thin layer gradually relocates with increasing the frequency,so the interlayer interference becomes smaller and the thickness of the thin layer is more accurate; the reflection amplitude of the thin layer gradually increases with increasing the frequency,so the transverse resolution of the reflection to the thin layer continuously increases. The reflection wave of the broadband ultra-high-resolution seismic survey in Well Block J75 vertically relocates better,so the precision of the reflection time is higher,the reflection amplitude of the thin layer sandstone is enhanced. With the help of applying the reflection time difference in the same reflecting layer from low to high frequency seismic survey and the a-nalysis of the amplitude attributes in the reflection events of the thin reservoir,the sectional and planar characteristics of the channel sandbody in the block are obvious,so the recognizing ability of the thin interbedded reservoirs is improved,thus the effective technical support is provided for finding out and implementing the reservoir distribution and hydrocarbon traps.
The seismic resolution was greatly improved by broadband ultra-high-resolution seismic survey in Well Block J75,the number of the reflection events was increased,at the same time,there existed obvious time difference in the reflection interface of the same stratum from the conventional seismic profile,the reflection amplitude changed greatly. In order to analyze the causes of this phenomena,according to the principle of seismic response of the thin layer,the variation laws of the seismic reflection time and amplitude with the frequency was studied by the synthetic seismic records and forward models with different frequencies. The reflection time of the thin layer gradually relocates with increasing the frequency,so the interlayer interference becomes smaller and the thickness of the thin layer is more accurate; the reflection amplitude of the thin layer gradually increases with increasing the frequency,so the transverse resolution of the reflection to the thin layer continuously increases. The reflection wave of the broadband ultra-high-resolution seismic survey in Well Block J75 vertically relocates better,so the precision of the reflection time is higher,the reflection amplitude of the thin layer sandstone is enhanced. With the help of applying the reflection time difference in the same reflecting layer from low to high frequency seismic survey and the a-nalysis of the amplitude attributes in the reflection events of the thin reservoir,the sectional and planar characteristics of the channel sandbody in the block are obvious,so the recognizing ability of the thin interbedded reservoirs is improved,thus the effective technical support is provided for finding out and implementing the reservoir distribution and hydrocarbon traps.
引文
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[12]郭学斌,李子顺.应用高分辨率地震技术识别下切谷:松辽盆地杏树岗泉头组解释实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):154-157.GUO Xuebin,LI Zishun. Application of high resolution seismic technique in recognizing incised valley:An interpretation case study for Quantou Formation in Xinshugang area,Songliao Basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):154-157.
[13] ZENG Hongliu,KERANS C. Amplitude versus frequcncy-applications to seismic stratigraphy and reservoir characterization,Part I:Model[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19(1):721-724.
[14]冯智慧,要丹,陈树民,等.频谱分解技术在敖南地区致密砂体预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(6):132-137.FENG Zhihui,YAO Dan,CHEN Shumin,et al. Application of spectral decomposition technique in Aonan dense sandbody prediction[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(6):132-137.
[15]雷振东,陈海峰,姜传金,等.低频阴影检测技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(6):123-126.LEI Zhendong,CHEN Haifeng,JIANG Chuanjin,et al. Application of the low-frequency shadow detecyion technique in the carbonnatite reservoir prediction[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(6):123-126.
[16]薛大力,徐鸣洁,龚姚进,等.地震分频解释技术在沈143井区储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(3):128-131.XUE Dali, XU Mingjie, GONG Yaojin, et al. Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique in reservoir prediction of Shen 143 well area[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(3):128-131.
[17]吕金龙.岩性波阻抗正演模拟差异方法在储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):132-136.LJinlong. Application of lithological wave-impedance forward modeling differential method for the reservoir prediction[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2016, 35(4):132-136.
[18]马明侠,王始波,张海燕,等.松辽盆地北部浅层气的地震“亮点低频”识别[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):117-119.MA Mingxia, WANG Shibo, ZHANG Haiyan, et al. Seismic“bright spot low frequency”recognition method of shallow gas in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(5):117-119.
[19] DILAY A,EASTWOOD J. Spectral analysis applied to seismic monitoring of thermal recovery[J]. The Leading Edge,1995,14(11):1117-1122.
[20] TINKER S W. Reservoir-scale sequence stratigraphy:Mc Kittrick Canyon and 3-D subsurface examples[D]. West Texas and New Mexico:University of Colorado,1996.
[21]侯启军,冯志强,冯子辉,等.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.HOU Qijun,FENG Zhiqiang,FENG Zihui, et al. Continental petroleum geology in Songliao Basin[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[22]徐伟慕,郭平,胡天跃.薄互层调谐与分辨率分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):750-757.XU Weimu,GUO Ping,HU Tianyue. Thin interbed tuning and resolution analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):750-757.
[2]刘振武,撒利明,董世泰,等.中国石油高密度地震技术的实践与未来[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):129-135.LIU Zhengwu,SA Liming,DONG Shitai,et al. Practices and expectation of high-density seismic exploration technology in CNPC[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(2):129-135.
[3]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.YU Shoupeng. High-resolution seismic exploration[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[4]李振春.地震偏移成像技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(1):1-21.LI Zhenchun. Research status and development trends for seismic migration technology[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(1):1-21.
[5]王延光,孟宪军,夏吉庄,等.油藏地球物理技术发展与应用实践[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(5):2246-2256.WANG Yanguang,MENG Xianjun,XIA Jizhuang,et al. Development and practice in reservoir geophysics[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(5):2246-2256.
[6]占文锋,王强,刘太福,等.高分辨率地震反射技术在煤层风氧化带探测中的应用[J].煤炭工程, 2015, 47(1):53-56.ZHAN Wenfeng,WANG Qiang,LIU Taifu,et al. Application of high resolution seismic wave reflection technology in coal mine oxidation zone detection[J]. Coal Engineering, 2015, 47(1):53-56.
[7]刘兴冬.岩性油藏薄窄砂体地震精细处理解释技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(4):137-141.LIU Xingdong. Fine seismic processing and interpreting techniques for the thin and narrow sandbodies in lithologic oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(4):137-141.
[8]罗艳玲.喇嘛甸油田河流相储层井震结合预测方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):143-146.LUO Yanling. Predicting method by the well and seismic integration for the fluvial facies reservoirs in Lamadian Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2016, 35(4):143-146.
[9]刘云武,吴海波,刘金平.大庆长垣南部扶杨油层河道砂体预测方法与应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):106-108.LIU Yunwu,WU Haibo,LIU Jinping. Channel sandbody forecast method and application in Fuyu and Yangdachengzi Reservoirs in South Daqing Placanticline[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2006,25(5):106-108.
[10]李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1545-1551.LI Zishun. Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1545-1551.
[11]李子顺,郭学斌,穆剑东.宽频带地震储层横向预测方法研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(2):89-90.LI Zishun,GUO Xuebin,MU Jiandong. Research on broadband seismic estimate methods for reservoir cross range[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2006, 25(2):89-90.
[12]郭学斌,李子顺.应用高分辨率地震技术识别下切谷:松辽盆地杏树岗泉头组解释实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):154-157.GUO Xuebin,LI Zishun. Application of high resolution seismic technique in recognizing incised valley:An interpretation case study for Quantou Formation in Xinshugang area,Songliao Basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):154-157.
[13] ZENG Hongliu,KERANS C. Amplitude versus frequcncy-applications to seismic stratigraphy and reservoir characterization,Part I:Model[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19(1):721-724.
[14]冯智慧,要丹,陈树民,等.频谱分解技术在敖南地区致密砂体预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(6):132-137.FENG Zhihui,YAO Dan,CHEN Shumin,et al. Application of spectral decomposition technique in Aonan dense sandbody prediction[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(6):132-137.
[15]雷振东,陈海峰,姜传金,等.低频阴影检测技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(6):123-126.LEI Zhendong,CHEN Haifeng,JIANG Chuanjin,et al. Application of the low-frequency shadow detecyion technique in the carbonnatite reservoir prediction[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(6):123-126.
[16]薛大力,徐鸣洁,龚姚进,等.地震分频解释技术在沈143井区储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(3):128-131.XUE Dali, XU Mingjie, GONG Yaojin, et al. Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique in reservoir prediction of Shen 143 well area[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(3):128-131.
[17]吕金龙.岩性波阻抗正演模拟差异方法在储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):132-136.LJinlong. Application of lithological wave-impedance forward modeling differential method for the reservoir prediction[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2016, 35(4):132-136.
[18]马明侠,王始波,张海燕,等.松辽盆地北部浅层气的地震“亮点低频”识别[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):117-119.MA Mingxia, WANG Shibo, ZHANG Haiyan, et al. Seismic“bright spot low frequency”recognition method of shallow gas in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(5):117-119.
[19] DILAY A,EASTWOOD J. Spectral analysis applied to seismic monitoring of thermal recovery[J]. The Leading Edge,1995,14(11):1117-1122.
[20] TINKER S W. Reservoir-scale sequence stratigraphy:Mc Kittrick Canyon and 3-D subsurface examples[D]. West Texas and New Mexico:University of Colorado,1996.
[21]侯启军,冯志强,冯子辉,等.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.HOU Qijun,FENG Zhiqiang,FENG Zihui, et al. Continental petroleum geology in Songliao Basin[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[22]徐伟慕,郭平,胡天跃.薄互层调谐与分辨率分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):750-757.XU Weimu,GUO Ping,HU Tianyue. Thin interbed tuning and resolution analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):750-757.