准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠纪沉积体系与环境
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摘要
准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系沉积体系划分与沉积环境演化是新疆地区值得探讨的2个问题,其中沉积微相的研究对恢复古环境及油气有利相带的预测有着重要的意义。综合运用露头、岩心、测井、地震资料,认为准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系为冲积扇-扇三角洲,河流-三角洲和湖泊三类体系的组合,冲积扇-扇三角洲体系主要发育辫状河道、砂(砾)质漫滩等微相,河流-三角洲体系包含砂质和砂砾质辫状河,该体系进一步划分为分流河道、心滩、河漫滩、河漫湖、河漫沼泽等微相,湖泊体系以滨浅湖泥为主。此外,孢粉及C、O同位素分析显示,克拉玛依组上段所属时代为中三叠世,且盆地西北缘在三叠纪处于陆相环境。早—晚三叠世,盆地由干旱炎热的亚热带气候逐渐转为潮湿温暖适宜植被生长的温带气候。
Sedimentary microfacies research has great significance in reconstructing the palaeoenvironment and predicting the beneficial facies belt. Combining outcrop, core, logging and seismic data together, it is considered that the northwest Junggar Basin developed the combination of alluvial fan-fan delta, fluid-delta and lacustrine systems in Triassic period. The alluvial fan-fan delta system developed the braided stream channel and the sand(glutenite) floodplain microfacies and some other geological bodies, the fluid-delta system, containing sand and glutenite braided rivers, consisted of such geological bodies as the channel, the bar, the floodplain and the flood lucastrine microfacies, and the lacustrine system mainly developed the shore-shallow lacustrine mud microfacies. Furthermore, according to the analysis of pollen and δ~(13)C, δ~(18)O, it is suggested that the Upper Karamay belongs to the Middle Triassic period. Northwest Junggar Basin was in continental crust environment, and its climate gradually changed from the dry hot subtropical zone into wet warm temperate zone which was suitable for plants growth from Early to Late Triassic.
Sedimentary microfacies research has great significance in reconstructing the palaeoenvironment and predicting the beneficial facies belt. Combining outcrop, core, logging and seismic data together, it is considered that the northwest Junggar Basin developed the combination of alluvial fan-fan delta, fluid-delta and lacustrine systems in Triassic period. The alluvial fan-fan delta system developed the braided stream channel and the sand(glutenite) floodplain microfacies and some other geological bodies, the fluid-delta system, containing sand and glutenite braided rivers, consisted of such geological bodies as the channel, the bar, the floodplain and the flood lucastrine microfacies, and the lacustrine system mainly developed the shore-shallow lacustrine mud microfacies. Furthermore, according to the analysis of pollen and δ~(13)C, δ~(18)O, it is suggested that the Upper Karamay belongs to the Middle Triassic period. Northwest Junggar Basin was in continental crust environment, and its climate gradually changed from the dry hot subtropical zone into wet warm temperate zone which was suitable for plants growth from Early to Late Triassic.
引文
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[28]刘兆生.吐哈盆地北缘二叠系与三叠系界线[J].地层学杂志,2000,(4):310-314.
[29]杨捷,曾佐勋,蔡雄飞,等.贺兰山地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素分析[J].科学通报,2014,59(4/5):355-368.
[30]吴俊,汪远征,高志前.利用碳氧同位素识别碳酸盐岩层序界面[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(19):5579-5585.
[31]林畅松,杨海军,蔡振中,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩台地的层序结构演化及其对盆地过程的响应[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):907-919.
[32]Keith M L,Weber J N.Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Selected Limestones and Fossils[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1964,28:1787-1816.
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[34]徐新,周可法,王煜.西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆消亡时间与构造背景研究[J].岩石学报,2010,(11):3206-3214.
[35]新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产局.新疆维吾尔自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:196-205,753-754.
[2]辛也,王伟锋,李宝刚,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏断裂带二叠系油气成藏组合[J].大庆石油学院学报,2009,33(4):13-18.
[3]陈奋雄,李军,师志龙,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘车—拐地区三叠系沉积相特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2012,36(2):22-28.
[4]谭开俊,潘建国,姚清洲,等.车拐地区侏罗系岩性油气藏形成条件及主控因素[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):41-44.
[5]王昌勇,郑荣才,王建国,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘八区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积特征及演化[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):37-42.
[6]张纪易.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分[J].沉积学报,1985,3(3):75-85.
[7]刘顺生,焦养泉,朗风江,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘露头区克拉玛依组沉积体系及演化序列分析[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(06):485-489.
[8]张继庆,江新胜,刘志刚,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠—侏罗系沉积模式[J].新疆石油地质,1992,13(3):206-216.
[9]苏维强,张廷山,胡新平,等.油田开发中后期精细岩相单元对比——以克拉玛依油田五2西克下组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(06):752-757.
[10]姜向强,李德江,朱筱敏,等.克百地区三叠系储层成岩层序研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(2):23-26.
[11]朱世发,朱筱敏,鲜本忠,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克—百地区侏罗系储集层特征及主控因素分析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(6):681-688.
[12]朱世发,朱筱敏,王一博,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区三叠系储层溶蚀作用特征及孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):547-555.
[13]吴志雄,杨兆臣,丁超,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系克拉玛依组扇三角洲沉积微相特征——以W16井区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(4):602-609.
[14]黄嫔.新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠纪孢粉组合[J].微体古生物学报,1993,10(4):363-395.
[15]刘兆生.新疆鄯善照壁山克拉玛依组孢粉组合[J].微体古生物学报,2000,(3):291-298.
[16]刘刚.沾化凹陷垦西地区新近系馆陶组沉积微相研究[J].地球学报,2011,32(6):739-746.
[17]宫清顺,黄革萍,倪国辉,等.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田百口泉组冲积扇沉积特征及油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2010,28(6):1135-1144.
[18]宫清顺,倪国辉,芦淑萍.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田百口泉组储层特征及控制因素分析[J].中国石油勘探,2010,13(5):11-16.
[19]Hui Z,Li J,Xu Q,et al.Miocene vegetation and climatic changes reconstructed from a sporopollen record of the Tianshui Basin,NE Tibetan Plateau[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2011,308(3/4):373-382.
[20]Yao J,Xiao X,Gao L,et al.Discovery of Permian sporopollen from Daftar,Taxkorgan,Xinjiang and their geological implications[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2007,252(1):66-71.
[21]Xiao X,Jiang Q,Liu X,et al.High resolution sporopollen record and environmental change since Holocene in the Wulungu Lake,Xinjiang[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2005,23(1):77-86.
[22]Lu Y,Deng S.Triassic-Jurassic sporopollen assemblages on the sourthern margin of the junggar basin,Xinjiang and the TJ boundary[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,79(1):15-27.
[23]刘兆生.新疆吐哈盆地北缘黄山街组孢粉组合[J].微体古生物学报,2001,18(2):163-172.
[24]高联达.石炭纪、二叠纪孢子花粉[M].北京:地质出版社,1984.
[25]姚建新,肖序常,侯静鹏,等.新疆阿图什市木吉地区木吉群孢粉化石的发现[J].地质通报,2007,26(1):77-80.
[26]江德昕,王永栋,魏江.陕西铜川晚三叠世孢粉植物群及其环境意义[J].古地理学报,2006,8(1):23-33.
[27]曲立范,杨基端,白云洪,等.中国三叠纪孢粉组合特征及其分区的初步探讨[J].中国地质科学院院报,1983,5(1):81-94.
[28]刘兆生.吐哈盆地北缘二叠系与三叠系界线[J].地层学杂志,2000,(4):310-314.
[29]杨捷,曾佐勋,蔡雄飞,等.贺兰山地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素分析[J].科学通报,2014,59(4/5):355-368.
[30]吴俊,汪远征,高志前.利用碳氧同位素识别碳酸盐岩层序界面[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(19):5579-5585.
[31]林畅松,杨海军,蔡振中,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩台地的层序结构演化及其对盆地过程的响应[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):907-919.
[32]Keith M L,Weber J N.Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Selected Limestones and Fossils[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1964,28:1787-1816.
[33]Xiao W,Han C,Yuan C,et al.Middle Cambrian to Permian subduction-related accretionary orogenesis of Northern Xinjiang,NW China:Implications for the tectonic evolution of central Asia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2008,32(2/4):102-117.
[34]徐新,周可法,王煜.西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆消亡时间与构造背景研究[J].岩石学报,2010,(11):3206-3214.
[35]新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产局.新疆维吾尔自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:196-205,753-754.