生态浮床对宁夏引黄灌区污染河道生态系统的影响
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摘要
采用成熟的生态浮床技术,对引黄灌区中度污染河流水体治理的可行性及其效果进行了技术示范研究。结果显示:生态浮床对工程示范区域水体中的TN、NH_(4)~(+)-N、COD_(Mn)平均相对去除率分别为59.4%、59.7%和24.7%;浮游植物的优势种由前期的小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)和啮齿隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)变为后期的小环藻和尖针杆藻(Synedra acusvar);浮游植物的Margalef多样性指数和Shannon-wiener多样性指数分别由2.17、2.04提升至2.85、2.44,且同时段浮床区域监测点的值高于对照点。研究表明,生态浮床技术在西部高寒地区夏季有较好的生态适应性和水质改善效果,但针对西部地区特定的气候和水文条件,如何延长生态浮床的作用时间有待进一步的研究。
The feasibility and efficiency of ecological floating bed system(EFBS) for water restoration of moderately polluted ditch in Ningxia Yellow-river irrigating region was studied.The results showed that through the purification of EFBS,the relatively average removal rates of TN,NH_4~+-N,and COD_(Mn) in water reached59.4%,59.7% and 24.7%respectively.During the repair of EFBS,dominant genus of phytoplankton were Cyclotella sp.and Cryptomonas erosa in the earlier,Cyclotella sp.and Synedra acusvar in the later experimental time.After the restoration,Margalef diversity index and Shannon-wiener diversity index of phytoplankton were increased from 2.17 and 2.04 to 2.85 and 2.44 respectively,and the value of the EFBS area was higher than that of the control point.All of these showed that EFBS could be used in the cold western alpine region of China,and there was a significant efficiency of the EFBS in the purification and ecosystem functions restoration of pollution water in western of China.Meanwhile,according to the specific climatic and hydrological conditions in the western region of China,how to prolong the action time of the EFBS needed further study.
The feasibility and efficiency of ecological floating bed system(EFBS) for water restoration of moderately polluted ditch in Ningxia Yellow-river irrigating region was studied.The results showed that through the purification of EFBS,the relatively average removal rates of TN,NH_4~+-N,and COD_(Mn) in water reached59.4%,59.7% and 24.7%respectively.During the repair of EFBS,dominant genus of phytoplankton were Cyclotella sp.and Cryptomonas erosa in the earlier,Cyclotella sp.and Synedra acusvar in the later experimental time.After the restoration,Margalef diversity index and Shannon-wiener diversity index of phytoplankton were increased from 2.17 and 2.04 to 2.85 and 2.44 respectively,and the value of the EFBS area was higher than that of the control point.All of these showed that EFBS could be used in the cold western alpine region of China,and there was a significant efficiency of the EFBS in the purification and ecosystem functions restoration of pollution water in western of China.Meanwhile,according to the specific climatic and hydrological conditions in the western region of China,how to prolong the action time of the EFBS needed further study.
引文
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[10]李先宁,宋海亮,朱光灿,等.组合型生态浮床的动态水质净化特性[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2448.-2452.
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[12]杨凤娟,杨扬,潘鸿,等.强化生态浮床原位修复技术对污染河流浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):498-504.
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[19]周小平,王建国,薛利红,等.浮床植物系统对富营养化水体中氮、磷净化特征的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2199-2203.
[20]周晓红,王国祥,杨飞,等.刈割对生态浮床植物黑麦草光合作用及其对氮磷等净化效果的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3393.3399.
[21]贾悦,李秀珍,唐莹莹,等.不同采收方式对富养化河道浮床空心菜生物产出的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1091-1099.
[22]邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(3):311-316.
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[24]NAKAMURA K,SHIMATANl Y.Water purification and environment enhancement by the floating wetland[C].6 th IAWQ Asia-Pacific Regional Conference.IANQ,1997;888-895.
[25]孟睿,何连生,过龙根,等.长江中下游草型湖泊浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2588-2596.
[26]刘霞,陆晓华,陈宇炜.太湖北部隐藻生物量时空动态[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):142-148.
[27]RYCHTECKY P,ZNACHOR P.Spatial heterogeneity and seasonal succession of phytoplankton along the longitudinal gradient in a eutrophic reservoir[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,663(1):175-186.
[28]刘娅琴,刘福兴,宋祥甫,等.农村污染河道生态修复中浮游植物的群落特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):162-169.
[29]NALEWAJKO C,MURPHY T P.Effects of temperature,and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus on the abundance of Anabaena and Microcystis in Lake Biwa,Japan:An experimental approach[J].Liminology,2001,2:45-48.
[30]ALTMAN J C,PAEPL H W.Composition of inorganic and organic nutrient sources influences phytoplankton community structure in the New River Estuary,North Carolina[J].Aquatic Ecology,2012,46:269-282.
[31]SALMASO N.Interactions between nutrient availability and climatic fluctuations as determinants of the long-term phytoplankton community changes in Lake Garda,Northern Italy[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,660:59-68.
[32]曾阳,付秀娥,苗明升,等.基于大型浮游动物多样性与水质参数相关性分析的温榆河水质评价[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(2):162-170.
[33]都雪,王齐东,张超文,等.洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(2):269-276.
[34]SEDLACEK C,MARCUS N H.Egg production of the copepod Acartia tonsa:The influence of hypoxia and food concentration[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,318(2):183-190.
[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2013年环境统计年报[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2014.
[3]董亚萍,辛亮,任建东.“十一五”期间黄河宁夏段水环境质量状况变化分析[J].电子测试,2013(11):279-280.
[4]姜亚敏,刘猛,侯晓明.宁夏黄河流域主要水环境问题及对策[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(12):30-33.
[5]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.2013中国可持续发展战略报告:未来10年的生态文明之路[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[6]SONG X F,YING H D.WU W M,et al.Study of surface aquaponics in natural waters[J].Aquaponics Journal,2000,4(3):16-20.
[7]刘娅琴,邹国燕,宋祥甫,等.框式复合型生态浮床对富营养化水体浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(1):196-203.
[8]LI X N,SONG H L,LI W,et al.An integrated ecological floating-bed employing plant,freshwater clam and biofilm carrier for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(4):382-390.
[9]李艳枫,刘凌,陈宁,等.一种新型的复合生态浮床及其对浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].水资源保护,2014,30(2):46-51.
[10]李先宁,宋海亮,朱光灿,等.组合型生态浮床的动态水质净化特性[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2448.-2452.
[11]司友斌,包军杰,曹德菊,等.香根草对富营养化水体净化效果研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(2):277-279.
[12]杨凤娟,杨扬,潘鸿,等.强化生态浮床原位修复技术对污染河流浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):498-504.
[13]李爽,谢从新,何绪刚,等.水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(1):43-50.
[14]李欲如,操家顺,徐峰,等.水蕹菜对苏州重污染水体净化功能的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(1):69-71.
[15]国家环境保护总局.水和废水检测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[16]章宗涉,黄翔飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[17]中华人民共和国农业部.SC/T 9402—2010淡水浮游生物调查技术规范[S].北京:人民出版社,2011.
[18]李欲如,操家顺.冬季低温条件下浮床植物对富营养化水体的净化效果[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(7):505-508.
[19]周小平,王建国,薛利红,等.浮床植物系统对富营养化水体中氮、磷净化特征的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2199-2203.
[20]周晓红,王国祥,杨飞,等.刈割对生态浮床植物黑麦草光合作用及其对氮磷等净化效果的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3393.3399.
[21]贾悦,李秀珍,唐莹莹,等.不同采收方式对富养化河道浮床空心菜生物产出的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1091-1099.
[22]邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(3):311-316.
[23]JIN X,LIU H,TU Q,et al.Eutrophication of lakes in China[M].Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,1990.
[24]NAKAMURA K,SHIMATANl Y.Water purification and environment enhancement by the floating wetland[C].6 th IAWQ Asia-Pacific Regional Conference.IANQ,1997;888-895.
[25]孟睿,何连生,过龙根,等.长江中下游草型湖泊浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2588-2596.
[26]刘霞,陆晓华,陈宇炜.太湖北部隐藻生物量时空动态[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):142-148.
[27]RYCHTECKY P,ZNACHOR P.Spatial heterogeneity and seasonal succession of phytoplankton along the longitudinal gradient in a eutrophic reservoir[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,663(1):175-186.
[28]刘娅琴,刘福兴,宋祥甫,等.农村污染河道生态修复中浮游植物的群落特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):162-169.
[29]NALEWAJKO C,MURPHY T P.Effects of temperature,and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus on the abundance of Anabaena and Microcystis in Lake Biwa,Japan:An experimental approach[J].Liminology,2001,2:45-48.
[30]ALTMAN J C,PAEPL H W.Composition of inorganic and organic nutrient sources influences phytoplankton community structure in the New River Estuary,North Carolina[J].Aquatic Ecology,2012,46:269-282.
[31]SALMASO N.Interactions between nutrient availability and climatic fluctuations as determinants of the long-term phytoplankton community changes in Lake Garda,Northern Italy[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,660:59-68.
[32]曾阳,付秀娥,苗明升,等.基于大型浮游动物多样性与水质参数相关性分析的温榆河水质评价[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(2):162-170.
[33]都雪,王齐东,张超文,等.洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(2):269-276.
[34]SEDLACEK C,MARCUS N H.Egg production of the copepod Acartia tonsa:The influence of hypoxia and food concentration[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,318(2):183-190.