南鸟岛东南部海域沉积物地球化学特征及其稀土资源指示意义
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摘要
为了深入了解南鸟岛东南部海域表层沉积物的物质来源及其沉积环境和稀土元素富集情况,对大洋40航次在该区获取的深海沉积物岩心进行了主量、微量以及稀土元素含量测试分析。结果表明:沉积物为典型的深海黏土沉积。稀土元素标准化配分模式及La/Yb、La/Tb等结果表明,研究区沉积物物源受陆源物质主导,同时海山玄武岩及其风化产物与硅质沉积也有一定的贡献;结合δCe值与微量元素相关比值分析,研究区总体为稳定的偏氧化环境;区域内稀土元素富集主要受生物磷酸盐控制,并同时受到铁锰氧化物的影响;受陆源物质沉积作用的广泛影响,区域内表层沉积物中稀土元素质量分数偏低,但随深度增加,稀土元素富集程度规律性渐次升高。根据CaO/P_2O_5-w(ΣREY)相关性非线性拟合,推测在710 cm以下深度可能有富稀土元素深海沉积物的分布。
For a deep insight of the material origins, sedimentary environment and REE enrichment of sediment in southeastern sea area of Minamitorishima Island, this study takes the measurements on major, trace and rare earth elements(REE) of deep sea sediments core gained during the DY-40 Cruise. The results show that the sample is a sort of typical pelagic clay. The North American shale normalized REE pattern and the results of La/Yb and La/Tb indicate that the sediments in the study area are dominated by the terrestrial sources, seamount basalts and their weathering products and siliceous sediments also make certain contributions. According to δCe value and trace element-related ratio, we suggest the study area is generally a stable oxidized environment. The enrichment of rare earth elements in the region is mainly controlled by bio-phosphate, and also affected by iron-manganese oxide. Affected by the deposition of terrigenous materials, the content of REE of surface sediments is low, but with the increase of depth, the regularity of rare earth enrichment gradually increases. According to the nonlinear fitting of CaO/P_2O_5 and ΣREY, we speculate that there may be a distribution of REE rich deep sea sediments below 710 cm.
For a deep insight of the material origins, sedimentary environment and REE enrichment of sediment in southeastern sea area of Minamitorishima Island, this study takes the measurements on major, trace and rare earth elements(REE) of deep sea sediments core gained during the DY-40 Cruise. The results show that the sample is a sort of typical pelagic clay. The North American shale normalized REE pattern and the results of La/Yb and La/Tb indicate that the sediments in the study area are dominated by the terrestrial sources, seamount basalts and their weathering products and siliceous sediments also make certain contributions. According to δCe value and trace element-related ratio, we suggest the study area is generally a stable oxidized environment. The enrichment of rare earth elements in the region is mainly controlled by bio-phosphate, and also affected by iron-manganese oxide. Affected by the deposition of terrigenous materials, the content of REE of surface sediments is low, but with the increase of depth, the regularity of rare earth enrichment gradually increases. According to the nonlinear fitting of CaO/P_2O_5 and ΣREY, we speculate that there may be a distribution of REE rich deep sea sediments below 710 cm.
引文
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[5] Ohta J,Yasukawa K,Machida S,et al.Geological factors responsible for REY-rich mud in the western North Pacific Ocean:Implications from mineralogy and grain size distributions[J].Geochemical Journal,2016,50(6):591-603.
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[16] 初凤友,陈建林,马维林,等.中太平洋海山玄武岩的岩石学特征与年代[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(4):55-59.
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[18] Toyoda K,Nakamura Y,Masuda A.Rare earth elements of Pacific pelagic sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(4):1093-1103.
[19] Plank T,Langmuir C H.The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle[J].Chemical Geology,1998,145(3/4):325-394.
[20] Singh P,Rajamani V.REE geochemistry of recent clastic sediments from the Kaveri floodplains,southern India:Implication to source area weathering and sedimentary processes[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001,65(18):3093-3108.
[21] Pattan J N,Parthiban G.Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodule-sediment pairs from Central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(2):569-580.
[22] 吕华华.赤道北太平洋黏土沉积物的标型特征及其应用研究[D].山东青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2005.
[23] 鄢全树,张平阳,石学法,等.海底熔岩风化作用及其地质意义[J].海洋科学进展,2017,35(3):369-381.
[24] 刘季花.太平洋东部深海沉积物稀土元素地球化学[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1992,2(2):35-44.
[25] Webb G E,Kamber B S.Rare earth elements in Holocene reefal microbialites:A new shallow seawater proxy[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64(9):1557-1565.
[26] 蓝先洪,密蓓蓓,陈晓辉,等.北黄海中部晚第四纪沉积物来源的稀土元素示踪[J].中国稀土学报,2015,33(2):241-252.
[27] 沈华悌.深海沉积物中的稀土元素[J].地球化学,1990,9(4):340-348.
[28] 吴旻哲,乔培军,邵磊.西太平洋807A孔的元素地球化学特征及其对中更新世气候转型期的记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(2):67-74.
[29] 杨锐,李国胜,张洪瑞.中太平洋CC区表层沉积物的地球化学[J].地质与资源,2007,16(3):200-208.
[30] 金海燕,翦知湣,谢昕,等.南海北部晚第四纪高分辨率元素比值反映的东亚季风演变[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(2):207-215.
[31] 李双林.东海陆架HY126EA1孔沉积物稀土元素地球化学[J].海洋学报,2001,23(3):127-132.
[32] Pattan J N,Pearce N J G,Mislankar P G.Constraints in using cerium-anomaly of bulk sediments as an indicator of paleo bottom water redox environment:A case study from the Central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Chemical Geology,2005,221(3):260-278.
[33] Jones B,Manning D A C.Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J].Chemical Geology,1994,111(1/4):111-129.
[34] Armstrong-Altrin J S,Machain-Castillo M L,Rosales-Hoz L,et al.Provenance and depositional history of continental slope sediments in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico unraveled by geochemical analysis[J].Continental Shelf Research,2015,95:15-26.
[35] 张明亮,郭伟,沈俊,等.古海洋氧化还原地球化学指标研究新进展[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(4):95-106.
[36] 任江波,何高文,朱克超,等.富稀土磷酸盐及其在深海成矿作用中的贡献[J].地质学报,2017,91(6):1312-1325.
[37] Stalder M,Rozendaal A.Apatite nodules as an indicator of depositional environment and ore genesis for the Mesoproterozoic Broken Hill-type Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit,Namaqua Province,South Africa[J].Mineralium Deposita,2004,39(2):189-203.
[38] 王汾连,何高文,孙晓明,等.太平洋富稀土深海沉积物中稀土元素赋存载体研究[J].岩石学报,2016,32(7):2057-2068.
[39] Sun X.Enrichment of rare earth elements in siliceous sediments under slow deposition:A case study of the central North Pacific[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2018,94:12-32.
[40] Zhang X,Tao C,Shi X,et al.Geochemical characteristics of REY-rich pelagic sediments from the GC02 in central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2017,35(10):1047-1058.
[41] 邓义楠,任江波,郭庆军,等.太平洋西部富稀土深海沉积物的地球化学特征及其指示意义[J].岩石学报,2018,34(3):733-747.
[42] Iijima K,Yasukawa K,Fujinaga K,et al.Discovery of extremely REY-rich mud in the western North Pacific Ocean[J].Geochemical Journal,2016,50(6):557-573.
[2] 王汾连,何高文,姚会强,等.深海沉积物中的稀土矿产资源研究进展[J].中国地质,2017,44(3):449-459.
[3] Kato Y,Fujinaga K,Nakamura K,et al.Deep-sea mud in the Pacific Ocean as a potential resource for rare-earth elements[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(8):535-539.
[4] Kon Y,Hoshino M,Sanematsu K,et al.Geochemical characteristics of apatite in heavy REE-rich deep-sea mud from Minami-Torishima area,Southeastern Japan[J].Resource Geology,2014,64(1):47-57.
[5] Ohta J,Yasukawa K,Machida S,et al.Geological factors responsible for REY-rich mud in the western North Pacific Ocean:Implications from mineralogy and grain size distributions[J].Geochemical Journal,2016,50(6):591-603.
[6] Takaya Y,Yasukawa K,Kawasaki T,et al.The tremendous potential of deep-sea mud as a source of rare-earth elements[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):5763.
[7] Fujinaga K,Yasukawa K,Nakamura K,et al.Geochemistry of REY-rich mud in the Japanese exclusive economic zone around Minamitorishima Island[J].Geochemical Journal,2016,50(6):575-590.
[8] 任江波,何高文,姚会强,等.西太平洋海山富钴结壳的稀土和铂族元素特征及其意义[J].地球科学,2016,41(10):1745-1757.
[9] Hilde T W C,Uyeda S.Geodynamics of the Western Pacific-Indonesian Region[J].Tectonophysics,1983,99(2/4):381-397.
[10] Frey F A,Coffin M,Wallace P J,et al.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results.Vol.183.Kerguelen Plateau-Broken Ridge:A large igneous province:Covering Leg 183 DV "Joides Resolution",Fremantle,Australia,to Fremantle,Australia,Sites 1135-1142,7 Dec 1998-11 Feb 19[M].Australia:Texas A & M University Ocean Drilling Program,2003.
[11] 陈德潜,陈刚.实用稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1990.
[12] Alibo D S,Nozaki Y.Rare earth elements in seawater:Particle association,shale-normalization,and Ce oxidation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1999,63(3/4):363-372.
[13] 陈立业,张珂,傅建利,等.邙山黄土古土壤S_2沉积以来的微量和稀土元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2018,57(3):14-23.
[14] Dias á S,Mills R A,Taylor R N,et al.Geochemistry of a sediment push-core from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field,Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Chemical Geology,2008,247(3):339-351.
[15] Yasukawa K,Liu H,Fujinaga K,et al.Geochemistry and mineralogy of REY-rich mud in the eastern Indian Ocean[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,93:25-36.
[16] 初凤友,陈建林,马维林,等.中太平洋海山玄武岩的岩石学特征与年代[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(4):55-59.
[17] Haskin L A,Haskin M A,Frey F A,et al.Relative and absolute terrestrial abundances of the rare earths[C]//Origin and distribution of the elements.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1968:889-912.
[18] Toyoda K,Nakamura Y,Masuda A.Rare earth elements of Pacific pelagic sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(4):1093-1103.
[19] Plank T,Langmuir C H.The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle[J].Chemical Geology,1998,145(3/4):325-394.
[20] Singh P,Rajamani V.REE geochemistry of recent clastic sediments from the Kaveri floodplains,southern India:Implication to source area weathering and sedimentary processes[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001,65(18):3093-3108.
[21] Pattan J N,Parthiban G.Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodule-sediment pairs from Central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(2):569-580.
[22] 吕华华.赤道北太平洋黏土沉积物的标型特征及其应用研究[D].山东青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2005.
[23] 鄢全树,张平阳,石学法,等.海底熔岩风化作用及其地质意义[J].海洋科学进展,2017,35(3):369-381.
[24] 刘季花.太平洋东部深海沉积物稀土元素地球化学[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1992,2(2):35-44.
[25] Webb G E,Kamber B S.Rare earth elements in Holocene reefal microbialites:A new shallow seawater proxy[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64(9):1557-1565.
[26] 蓝先洪,密蓓蓓,陈晓辉,等.北黄海中部晚第四纪沉积物来源的稀土元素示踪[J].中国稀土学报,2015,33(2):241-252.
[27] 沈华悌.深海沉积物中的稀土元素[J].地球化学,1990,9(4):340-348.
[28] 吴旻哲,乔培军,邵磊.西太平洋807A孔的元素地球化学特征及其对中更新世气候转型期的记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(2):67-74.
[29] 杨锐,李国胜,张洪瑞.中太平洋CC区表层沉积物的地球化学[J].地质与资源,2007,16(3):200-208.
[30] 金海燕,翦知湣,谢昕,等.南海北部晚第四纪高分辨率元素比值反映的东亚季风演变[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(2):207-215.
[31] 李双林.东海陆架HY126EA1孔沉积物稀土元素地球化学[J].海洋学报,2001,23(3):127-132.
[32] Pattan J N,Pearce N J G,Mislankar P G.Constraints in using cerium-anomaly of bulk sediments as an indicator of paleo bottom water redox environment:A case study from the Central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Chemical Geology,2005,221(3):260-278.
[33] Jones B,Manning D A C.Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J].Chemical Geology,1994,111(1/4):111-129.
[34] Armstrong-Altrin J S,Machain-Castillo M L,Rosales-Hoz L,et al.Provenance and depositional history of continental slope sediments in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico unraveled by geochemical analysis[J].Continental Shelf Research,2015,95:15-26.
[35] 张明亮,郭伟,沈俊,等.古海洋氧化还原地球化学指标研究新进展[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(4):95-106.
[36] 任江波,何高文,朱克超,等.富稀土磷酸盐及其在深海成矿作用中的贡献[J].地质学报,2017,91(6):1312-1325.
[37] Stalder M,Rozendaal A.Apatite nodules as an indicator of depositional environment and ore genesis for the Mesoproterozoic Broken Hill-type Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit,Namaqua Province,South Africa[J].Mineralium Deposita,2004,39(2):189-203.
[38] 王汾连,何高文,孙晓明,等.太平洋富稀土深海沉积物中稀土元素赋存载体研究[J].岩石学报,2016,32(7):2057-2068.
[39] Sun X.Enrichment of rare earth elements in siliceous sediments under slow deposition:A case study of the central North Pacific[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2018,94:12-32.
[40] Zhang X,Tao C,Shi X,et al.Geochemical characteristics of REY-rich pelagic sediments from the GC02 in central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2017,35(10):1047-1058.
[41] 邓义楠,任江波,郭庆军,等.太平洋西部富稀土深海沉积物的地球化学特征及其指示意义[J].岩石学报,2018,34(3):733-747.
[42] Iijima K,Yasukawa K,Fujinaga K,et al.Discovery of extremely REY-rich mud in the western North Pacific Ocean[J].Geochemical Journal,2016,50(6):557-573.
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