环保型乳化炸药激发技术在四川盆地的应用
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摘要
四川盆地一直采用铵梯炸药进行地震采集,存在一定的环保安全隐患。而环保型乳化炸药的化学组分和物理属性显示其安全性、抗水性、爆炸性良好,无论是爆炸产物还是遗留炸药的降解都无污染。通过在四川盆地川南低陡构造带砂泥岩区、川东高陡复杂构造带的石灰岩区、川西低缓构造带的第四系砾石区的激发试验表明:①环保型乳化炸药完全可以替代常规铵梯炸药作为地震勘探中的激发震源,无论在低缓构造带上还是高陡构造带上都能够获得高信噪比的地震原始资料;②环保型乳化炸药替代铵梯炸药可沿用铵梯炸药的生产井深、观测系统以及检波器类型和埋置方式,但药量采用略有差别,在第四系砾石和侏罗系泥岩激发区相同条件下药量相等,在侏罗系砂岩和三叠系激发区乳化炸药药量要增加2 kg。
AN-TNT explosive, which has been all the time used for acquisition in Sichuan Basin, often brings about certain hidden trouble to environment and safety. However, another environment-friendly one, emulsion explosive is characterized by better safety,water resistance, and explosivity in terms of chemical composition and petrophysical property. Meanwhile, the degradation of its products and remains is not pollutant. Many excitation tests on this emulsion explosive were carried out in Sichuan Basin, such as the sand shale area in low and steep structural belt of southern basin, the limestone zone in high and steep complex structural belt of eastern basin, and the Quaternary gravel zone in low and gentle structural belt of western basin. Results show that,(1) this environment-friendly emulsion explosive can completely replace that AN-TNT one to serve as an excitation source. After its use, some primary seismic data with higher S/N ratio in not only low and gentle but also high and steep structural belts can be obtained;(2) when it is adopted to replace AN-TNT one, the production well depth, geometry, and geophone type and imbedment mode special for AN-TNT explosive may also be used, but the dosage is slightly different. For example, the dosage used for excitation zones of Quaternary gravel and Jurassic mudstone is the same, but 2 kg more for other zones of Jurassic sandstone and Triassic formation.
AN-TNT explosive, which has been all the time used for acquisition in Sichuan Basin, often brings about certain hidden trouble to environment and safety. However, another environment-friendly one, emulsion explosive is characterized by better safety,water resistance, and explosivity in terms of chemical composition and petrophysical property. Meanwhile, the degradation of its products and remains is not pollutant. Many excitation tests on this emulsion explosive were carried out in Sichuan Basin, such as the sand shale area in low and steep structural belt of southern basin, the limestone zone in high and steep complex structural belt of eastern basin, and the Quaternary gravel zone in low and gentle structural belt of western basin. Results show that,(1) this environment-friendly emulsion explosive can completely replace that AN-TNT one to serve as an excitation source. After its use, some primary seismic data with higher S/N ratio in not only low and gentle but also high and steep structural belts can be obtained;(2) when it is adopted to replace AN-TNT one, the production well depth, geometry, and geophone type and imbedment mode special for AN-TNT explosive may also be used, but the dosage is slightly different. For example, the dosage used for excitation zones of Quaternary gravel and Jurassic mudstone is the same, but 2 kg more for other zones of Jurassic sandstone and Triassic formation.
引文
[1]刘勇,杨洪志,马智超,等.四川盆地东部高陡构造带岩性封隔不对称气水分布模式[J].天然气勘探与开发,2017,40(3):1-7.Liu Yong,Yang Hongzhi,Ma Zhichao,et al.The lithologically sealed gas-water asymmetric distribution model of high-steep structural belt in East Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2017,40(3):1-7.
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[7]傅建秋,李战军,蔡建德,等.胶状乳化炸药和电雷管的耐高温性能试验研究[J].爆破,2008,25(4):7-10.Fu Jianqiu,Li Zhanjun,Cai Jiande,et al.Experimental research on resistance to elevated temperatures of colloidal emulsion explosive and electric detonator[J].Blasting,2008,25(4):7-10.
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[9]汪旭光,申英锋.乳化炸药结构模型的计算[J].爆破器材,1998,27(3):1-5.Wang Xuguang&Shen Yingfeng.Calculation of the model structure of emulsion explosive[J].Explosive Materials,1998,27(3):1-5.
[10]宋锦泉,汪旭光.乳化炸药的稳定性探讨[J].火炸药学报,2002(1):36-40.Song Jinquan&Wang Xuguang.Discussion on stability of emulsion explosives[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2002(1):36-40.
[11]闫国斌,汪旭光,王尹军.乳化炸药微观结构对其宏观性能的影响分析[J].工程爆破,2016,22(5):40-44.Yan Guobin,Wang Xuguang&Wang Yinjun.Influence of microstructure of emulsion explosive on macro performance[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(5):40-44.
[12]刘杰,徐志祥,孔煜.乳化炸药稳定性及其破乳机理研究[J].爆破器材,2015,44(6):38-42.Liu Jie,Xu Zhixiang&Kong Yu.Storage stability and demulsion mechanism of emulsion explosives[J].Explosive Materials,2015,44(6):38-42.
[13]徐尊,吴红波,缪志军,等.析晶点对乳化炸药稳定性的影响研究[J].广东化工,2015,42(8):66.Xu Zun,Wu Hongbo,Miu Zhijun,et al.Effect of crystallization point on the stability of emulsion explosives[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2015,42(8):66.
[14]徐国财.对乳化炸药爆轰机理的认识[J].煤矿安全,2001(1):28-30.Xu Guocai.An understanding of the detonation mechanism of emulsified explosives[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2001(1):28-30.
[15]凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):584-590.Ling Yun.Analysis of charge size and charge type[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(5):584-590.
[16]周翼,杨洪波,黄有晖,等.复杂近地表区走时射线层析的应用及效果[J].天然气勘探与开发,2017,40(4):52-58.Zhou Yi,Yang Hongbo,Huang Youhui,et al.Application of travel-time ray tomography in complicated near surface areas and its effect[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2017,40(4):52-58.
[2]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1991.Lu Jimeng,Principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,1991.
[3]齐东菊.从环保视角看乳化炸药与铵梯炸药[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(15):258-259.Qi Dongju.Discussion on the emulsified explosion and TNTexplosion from the angle of environmental protection[J].SciTech Information Development&Economy,2006,16(15):258-259.
[4]孟子纯,仲倩,徐森,等.乳化炸药最小自持燃烧压力的影响因素研究[J].爆破器材,2018,47(2):12-16.Meng Zichun,Zhong Qian,Xu Sen,et al.Research on influencing factors of minimum burning pressure of emulsion explosives[J].Explosive Materials,2018,47(2):12-16.
[5]周红,孙玉友,徐建中.气相色谱-质谱法对乳化炸药及其残留物中特征组分的分析[J].分析测试学报,2008,27(增刊1):274-277.Zhou Hong,Sun Yuyou&Xu Jianzhong.Analysis of emulsible explosive and its post-blast residues by GC-MS[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2008,27(S1):274-277.
[6]樊俊丹,王力春.乳化炸药爆炸残留物分析[J].刑事技术,2015,40(3):246-248.Fan Jundan&Wang Lichun.Determination of emulsion explosive residues[J].Forensic Science and Technology,2015,40(3):246-248.
[7]傅建秋,李战军,蔡建德,等.胶状乳化炸药和电雷管的耐高温性能试验研究[J].爆破,2008,25(4):7-10.Fu Jianqiu,Li Zhanjun,Cai Jiande,et al.Experimental research on resistance to elevated temperatures of colloidal emulsion explosive and electric detonator[J].Blasting,2008,25(4):7-10.
[8]谢冬泉.乳化炸药[J].煤矿安全,1991(2):57-59.Xie Dongquan.Emulsified explosives[J].Safety in Coal Mines,1991(2):57-59.
[9]汪旭光,申英锋.乳化炸药结构模型的计算[J].爆破器材,1998,27(3):1-5.Wang Xuguang&Shen Yingfeng.Calculation of the model structure of emulsion explosive[J].Explosive Materials,1998,27(3):1-5.
[10]宋锦泉,汪旭光.乳化炸药的稳定性探讨[J].火炸药学报,2002(1):36-40.Song Jinquan&Wang Xuguang.Discussion on stability of emulsion explosives[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2002(1):36-40.
[11]闫国斌,汪旭光,王尹军.乳化炸药微观结构对其宏观性能的影响分析[J].工程爆破,2016,22(5):40-44.Yan Guobin,Wang Xuguang&Wang Yinjun.Influence of microstructure of emulsion explosive on macro performance[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(5):40-44.
[12]刘杰,徐志祥,孔煜.乳化炸药稳定性及其破乳机理研究[J].爆破器材,2015,44(6):38-42.Liu Jie,Xu Zhixiang&Kong Yu.Storage stability and demulsion mechanism of emulsion explosives[J].Explosive Materials,2015,44(6):38-42.
[13]徐尊,吴红波,缪志军,等.析晶点对乳化炸药稳定性的影响研究[J].广东化工,2015,42(8):66.Xu Zun,Wu Hongbo,Miu Zhijun,et al.Effect of crystallization point on the stability of emulsion explosives[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2015,42(8):66.
[14]徐国财.对乳化炸药爆轰机理的认识[J].煤矿安全,2001(1):28-30.Xu Guocai.An understanding of the detonation mechanism of emulsified explosives[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2001(1):28-30.
[15]凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):584-590.Ling Yun.Analysis of charge size and charge type[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(5):584-590.
[16]周翼,杨洪波,黄有晖,等.复杂近地表区走时射线层析的应用及效果[J].天然气勘探与开发,2017,40(4):52-58.Zhou Yi,Yang Hongbo,Huang Youhui,et al.Application of travel-time ray tomography in complicated near surface areas and its effect[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2017,40(4):52-58.
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