中国优秀男子跳远运动员助跑起跳阶段运动学特征及相关性分析
|
摘要
目的:分析我国优秀男子跳远运动员成绩与速度、距离、角度和角速度等运动学参数的相关性,探讨其动作运动学特点,为跳远科学训练提供生物力学依据。方法:德国SIMI—Motion9.01三维录像系统分析了第十二届全运会男子跳远决赛录像,比较了国内外优秀运动员运动学参数,将国内(n=7)跳远成绩与助跑、起跳阶段运动学参数进行Pearson相关分析。结果:(1)助跑阶段:国内组倒6米平均速度、倒2步速度、倒1步速度均值显著小于国外组(P<0.05)。倒3步步长、倒2步步长均值非常显著小于国外组(P<0.01)。倒11米-倒6米的平均速度、倒6米内平均速度与成绩呈中度显著正相关,倒1步速度、倒2步速度与成绩呈高度显著正相关;(2)起跳阶段:国内组着板角、起跳过程髋转动角、摆动腿平均角速度和腾起垂直速度均值显著小于国外组(P<0.05),而水平速度损失率显著大于国外组(P<0.05)。起跳过程髋转动角、摆动腿平均角速度、腾起速度与成绩呈中度显著正相关,而腾起水平速度、腾起垂直速度与成绩呈低度显著正相关,起跳时间与成绩呈高度显著负相关。结论:增加起跳前步长、步速、着板角,提高起跳过程摆动腿摆动角速度、腾起垂直速度,降低水平速度损失率是提高我国男子跳远运动员成绩的重要运动学因素。
Objective: To discuss the correlation of China's elite male long jumpers' scores with their kinematical parameters including speed,distance,angle and angular velocity. Methods: Used German SIMI-Motion 9. 01 to analyze the video of men's long jump final at the 12 th national games,compared Chinese excellent long jumpers' kinematical parameters with that of their foreign counterparts,and made a Pearson analysis on the correlation of Chinese long jumpers'( n = 7) scores with their kinematical parameters in the run-up and takeoff phases. Results:( 1) In the run-up phase,the Chinese group's average speed respectively at the reversed 6meter point,the second last step and the last step is significantly lower than that of the foreign group( P <0. 05). The Chinese group's average step length at the third last step and the second last step is much less than that of the foreign group( P < 0. 01). Jumpers' scores were in moderate significant positive correlation with their average speed in the distance from the reversed 11 meter point to the reversed 6 meter point. Likewise,their scores were in highly positive correlation with their average speed at the second last step and the last step.( 2) In the takeoff phase,the Chinese group's board-stamping angle,hip rotation angle of take off,average angular velocity of swing leg and average vertical velocity of spring-up are much less than that of the foreign group( P < 0. 05),while their loss rate of horizontal velocity is significantly higher than that of the foreign group( P < 0. 05). Jumpers' scores were in moderate significant positive correlation with their hip rotation angle of takeoff,average angular velocity of swing leg,velocity of spring-up,in low significant positive correlation with their horizontal velocity and vertical velocity of spring-up,and in highly significant negative correlation with their takeoff time. Conclusion: Increasing the pre-takeoff step length,step speed and board-tramping angle,improving the angular velocity of swing leg and the vertical velocity of spring-up,and reducing the lose rate of horizontal velocity are important kinematical factors to the improvement of Chinese male long jumpers' scores.
Objective: To discuss the correlation of China's elite male long jumpers' scores with their kinematical parameters including speed,distance,angle and angular velocity. Methods: Used German SIMI-Motion 9. 01 to analyze the video of men's long jump final at the 12 th national games,compared Chinese excellent long jumpers' kinematical parameters with that of their foreign counterparts,and made a Pearson analysis on the correlation of Chinese long jumpers'( n = 7) scores with their kinematical parameters in the run-up and takeoff phases. Results:( 1) In the run-up phase,the Chinese group's average speed respectively at the reversed 6meter point,the second last step and the last step is significantly lower than that of the foreign group( P <0. 05). The Chinese group's average step length at the third last step and the second last step is much less than that of the foreign group( P < 0. 01). Jumpers' scores were in moderate significant positive correlation with their average speed in the distance from the reversed 11 meter point to the reversed 6 meter point. Likewise,their scores were in highly positive correlation with their average speed at the second last step and the last step.( 2) In the takeoff phase,the Chinese group's board-stamping angle,hip rotation angle of take off,average angular velocity of swing leg and average vertical velocity of spring-up are much less than that of the foreign group( P < 0. 05),while their loss rate of horizontal velocity is significantly higher than that of the foreign group( P < 0. 05). Jumpers' scores were in moderate significant positive correlation with their hip rotation angle of takeoff,average angular velocity of swing leg,velocity of spring-up,in low significant positive correlation with their horizontal velocity and vertical velocity of spring-up,and in highly significant negative correlation with their takeoff time. Conclusion: Increasing the pre-takeoff step length,step speed and board-tramping angle,improving the angular velocity of swing leg and the vertical velocity of spring-up,and reducing the lose rate of horizontal velocity are important kinematical factors to the improvement of Chinese male long jumpers' scores.
引文
[1]Tan A,Zumerchik J.Kinematics of the Long Jump[J].The Physics Teacher,2000,38(3):147-149.
[2]吴新华,蒋云飞,程亮,等.优秀男子跳远运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征的分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(10):86-89.
[3]周继和,丁先琼.跳远助跑技术综述[J].成都体育学院学报,2000,26(5):61-64.
[4]阳国诚.国内外优秀男子跳远选手全程技术运动学特征比较研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2010,26(3):65-67.
[5]宋跃先,彭支玉.黄庚跳远技术的运动学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,3(1):143-144.
[6]李雪梅,杨合适.我国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳过程下肢摆动技术的三维运动学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(3):78-83.
[7]许冠忠,王文浩.中外男子优秀跳远运动员技术参数的运动学比较[J].上海体育学院学报,2003,27(1):46-48.
[8]成万祥,李玉章.阻碍我国男子跳高成绩提高的运动学因素[J].上海体育学院学报,2002,26(4):57-60.
[9]沈贵庆,贺新奇,倪向利.男子跳远一,二级运动员起跳阶段身体姿位的比较[J].首都体育学院学报,2010,22(6):73-75.
[10]程亮.邹凯单杠并腿马凯洛夫动作的运动学分析[J].山东体育学院学报,2014,30(3):87-91.
[11]Jaitner T,Mendoza L,Sch¨ollhorn W.Analysis of the Long Jump Technique in the Transition From Approach to Takeoff Based on Time-continuous Kinematic Data[J].European Journal of Sport Science,2001,1(5):1-12.
[12]Lees GS A.A Three-dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Long Jump Take-off.[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2005,23(9):891-903.
[13]丁伟,刘军海,蔡犁,等.现代跳远技术的特征综述[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2005,19(4):112-113.
[14]张宝峰.我国男子高水平跳远运动员助跑后阶段步长变化对踏板准确性的影响[D].北京体育大学,2004.
[15]石宏.关于中等水平男子跳远运动员踏跳阶段速度损失问题的初步研究[D].北京体育大学研究生硕士学位论文集,1986.
[16]陆爱云.运动生物力学[M].北京,人民体育出版社,2010.
[17]刘生杰.我国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳过程中摆动腿技术的运动学研究[D].山西大学硕士论文,山西,2005.
[18]张新.中外优秀男子跳远选手起跳阶段技术对比[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,24(3):67-69.
[19]王清,冯树勇,李爱东.跳远助跑速度的研究[J].中国体育科技,1992,7:16-20.
[20]佟艳华.水平速度的损失与跳远成绩之关系研究[J].中国体育科技,1999,35(11):35-36.
[2]吴新华,蒋云飞,程亮,等.优秀男子跳远运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征的分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(10):86-89.
[3]周继和,丁先琼.跳远助跑技术综述[J].成都体育学院学报,2000,26(5):61-64.
[4]阳国诚.国内外优秀男子跳远选手全程技术运动学特征比较研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2010,26(3):65-67.
[5]宋跃先,彭支玉.黄庚跳远技术的运动学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,3(1):143-144.
[6]李雪梅,杨合适.我国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳过程下肢摆动技术的三维运动学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(3):78-83.
[7]许冠忠,王文浩.中外男子优秀跳远运动员技术参数的运动学比较[J].上海体育学院学报,2003,27(1):46-48.
[8]成万祥,李玉章.阻碍我国男子跳高成绩提高的运动学因素[J].上海体育学院学报,2002,26(4):57-60.
[9]沈贵庆,贺新奇,倪向利.男子跳远一,二级运动员起跳阶段身体姿位的比较[J].首都体育学院学报,2010,22(6):73-75.
[10]程亮.邹凯单杠并腿马凯洛夫动作的运动学分析[J].山东体育学院学报,2014,30(3):87-91.
[11]Jaitner T,Mendoza L,Sch¨ollhorn W.Analysis of the Long Jump Technique in the Transition From Approach to Takeoff Based on Time-continuous Kinematic Data[J].European Journal of Sport Science,2001,1(5):1-12.
[12]Lees GS A.A Three-dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Long Jump Take-off.[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2005,23(9):891-903.
[13]丁伟,刘军海,蔡犁,等.现代跳远技术的特征综述[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2005,19(4):112-113.
[14]张宝峰.我国男子高水平跳远运动员助跑后阶段步长变化对踏板准确性的影响[D].北京体育大学,2004.
[15]石宏.关于中等水平男子跳远运动员踏跳阶段速度损失问题的初步研究[D].北京体育大学研究生硕士学位论文集,1986.
[16]陆爱云.运动生物力学[M].北京,人民体育出版社,2010.
[17]刘生杰.我国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳过程中摆动腿技术的运动学研究[D].山西大学硕士论文,山西,2005.
[18]张新.中外优秀男子跳远选手起跳阶段技术对比[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,24(3):67-69.
[19]王清,冯树勇,李爱东.跳远助跑速度的研究[J].中国体育科技,1992,7:16-20.
[20]佟艳华.水平速度的损失与跳远成绩之关系研究[J].中国体育科技,1999,35(11):35-36.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |