生物预警对农村饮用水安全的重要作用
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摘要
目的通过调查处理一起村民疑似农药集体中毒的突发卫生事件,探讨农村饮用水卫生安全问题的解决方法。方法确定病例,开展现场流行病学调查,查找污染物和污染源。采集水样进行水质常规指标、相关农药指标、总磷、总氮和尿素检测。紧急冲洗和处理受污染的蓄水池及输水管道。结果本次突发事件累计报告病例23例。农药指标未检出,管网末梢水中氟化物、耗氧量、挥发性酚类、总磷和总氮等项目超标。本次事件为村民违规接驳输水管,使农药和肥料混合物进入管网造成水质污染,引发村民集体中毒。结论农村饮用水供水设施简易,安全隐患多。农药品种的多样化和频繁更新使得实验室检出困难。只有加强供水设施投入和管理,并适当设置生物安全预警装置,才能从根本上解决农村饮用水安全问题。饲养斑马鱼可以起到较好的生物预警作用。
Objective Through investigating and dealing with an emergent health event in which the residents in a rural village of Guangzhou were suspected to be poisoned by pesticide,so as to discuss the solution of rural drinking water' s safety.Methods The cases were identified,and field epidemiological investigation was conducted to look for the pollutants and pollution sources. The water samples were collected to test the regular indices of water quality,related pesticide indexes,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and urea. Emergency flushing was conducted and the contaminated reservoirs and water pipelines were disposed. Results A total of 23 cases were reported. The pesticide index was not detected. Fluoride,oxygen consumption,volatile phenol,total phosphorus and total nitrogen exceeded the national limits of tap water. In this incident,the villagers' irregular operation in connecting water pipes made pesticide and fertilizer enter the pipe network and caused the collective poisoning. Conclusion The drinking water supply facilities in rural areas are simple with various hidden risks. The diversity and frequent updates of pesticide varieties make laboratory test unreliable. Strengthening the input and management of water supply facilities and properly setting up biological safety warning device can fundamentally solve the problems of rural drinking water. Zebrafish can provide ideal biological alarm in water pollution.
Objective Through investigating and dealing with an emergent health event in which the residents in a rural village of Guangzhou were suspected to be poisoned by pesticide,so as to discuss the solution of rural drinking water' s safety.Methods The cases were identified,and field epidemiological investigation was conducted to look for the pollutants and pollution sources. The water samples were collected to test the regular indices of water quality,related pesticide indexes,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and urea. Emergency flushing was conducted and the contaminated reservoirs and water pipelines were disposed. Results A total of 23 cases were reported. The pesticide index was not detected. Fluoride,oxygen consumption,volatile phenol,total phosphorus and total nitrogen exceeded the national limits of tap water. In this incident,the villagers' irregular operation in connecting water pipes made pesticide and fertilizer enter the pipe network and caused the collective poisoning. Conclusion The drinking water supply facilities in rural areas are simple with various hidden risks. The diversity and frequent updates of pesticide varieties make laboratory test unreliable. Strengthening the input and management of water supply facilities and properly setting up biological safety warning device can fundamentally solve the problems of rural drinking water. Zebrafish can provide ideal biological alarm in water pollution.
引文
[1]丁震,陈晓东,郑浩,等.江苏省农村饮用水卫生监测现状[J].江苏预防医学,2013,24(1):55-58.
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[5]姚玉斌,李秋娟,刘小真,等. 2008-2010年江西省农村饮用水卫生调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(4):340-342.
[6]黄奕涛,张伟坚,石焕桥,等.增城市农村饮用水安全工程水质卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(3):256-257.
[7]何昌云,曲亚斌,戴昌芳,等.广东省农村饮用水与环境卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(1):23-25.
[8]李莲珍,危国强,方瑞云,等.一起疑似农药污染水源水引发的群体事件[J].应用预防医学,2013,19(3):193-193.
[9]王杰,白岩.一起绥芬河铁路水源水污染事件调查[J].疾病监测与控制,2010,4(10):602-603.
[10]甄国新,谈敦芳,梁和平,等.一起农药污染生活饮用水事件调查[J].首都公共卫生,2009,3(4):182-183.
[11]郭映花,杨惠芳.我国禁(限)用农药的管理与控制现状[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(12):2198-2202.
[12]汪红军,周连凤,李嗣新,等.水环境安全预警系统研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(3):32-35.
[13]宋志慧,王庆伟. Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr6+对斑马鱼联合毒性作用和生物预警的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):361-366.
[14]马中雨,陈家全,陈兴厅,等.斑马鱼对水源特定污染物的水质监测预警[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(1):146-151.
[15]李清雪,张宝中,车克铠.斑马鱼对水源水质的生物预警研究[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2017,34(1):61-65.
[16]李梅,贾瑞宝,李汝,等.一种基于斑马鱼运动速度变化测定水质生物毒性的方法:CN104833784A[P]. 2015.
[17]周绍辉,杜娟娟,孙中训,等.基于斑马鱼行为变化的苯酚监测研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(1):83-85.
[18]逯南南,孙韶华,宋武昌,等.基于斑马鱼行为变化的水体突发汞污染生物预警技术研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(5):69-72.
[2]范尉尉,陈凤格,郭占景,等.石家庄市部分农村饮用水水质现状分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2013,23(4):925-928.
[3]罗赟,吴晓红,何玲玲,等. 2013年绵阳市农村饮用水安全工程水质监测结果分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2014,24(3):283-286.
[4]刘荣,吴和岩,张建鹏,等.广东省2011年农村饮用水水质监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(15):2929-2932.
[5]姚玉斌,李秋娟,刘小真,等. 2008-2010年江西省农村饮用水卫生调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(4):340-342.
[6]黄奕涛,张伟坚,石焕桥,等.增城市农村饮用水安全工程水质卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(3):256-257.
[7]何昌云,曲亚斌,戴昌芳,等.广东省农村饮用水与环境卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(1):23-25.
[8]李莲珍,危国强,方瑞云,等.一起疑似农药污染水源水引发的群体事件[J].应用预防医学,2013,19(3):193-193.
[9]王杰,白岩.一起绥芬河铁路水源水污染事件调查[J].疾病监测与控制,2010,4(10):602-603.
[10]甄国新,谈敦芳,梁和平,等.一起农药污染生活饮用水事件调查[J].首都公共卫生,2009,3(4):182-183.
[11]郭映花,杨惠芳.我国禁(限)用农药的管理与控制现状[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(12):2198-2202.
[12]汪红军,周连凤,李嗣新,等.水环境安全预警系统研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(3):32-35.
[13]宋志慧,王庆伟. Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr6+对斑马鱼联合毒性作用和生物预警的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):361-366.
[14]马中雨,陈家全,陈兴厅,等.斑马鱼对水源特定污染物的水质监测预警[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(1):146-151.
[15]李清雪,张宝中,车克铠.斑马鱼对水源水质的生物预警研究[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2017,34(1):61-65.
[16]李梅,贾瑞宝,李汝,等.一种基于斑马鱼运动速度变化测定水质生物毒性的方法:CN104833784A[P]. 2015.
[17]周绍辉,杜娟娟,孙中训,等.基于斑马鱼行为变化的苯酚监测研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(1):83-85.
[18]逯南南,孙韶华,宋武昌,等.基于斑马鱼行为变化的水体突发汞污染生物预警技术研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(5):69-72.